Lesson 4 - Philo PDF

 I am Beiman Cabaobao, LPT PHILOSOPHY Teacher  PANANAGUTAN Walang sinuman ang nabubuhay para sa sarili lamang. Walang sinuman ang namamatay para sa sarili lamang. Tayong lahat ay may pananagutan sa isa’t isa. Tayong lahat ay tinipon ng Diyos na kapiling nya. What is...

 I am Beiman Cabaobao, LPT PHILOSOPHY Teacher  PANANAGUTAN Walang sinuman ang nabubuhay para sa sarili lamang. Walang sinuman ang namamatay para sa sarili lamang. Tayong lahat ay may pananagutan sa isa’t isa. Tayong lahat ay tinipon ng Diyos na kapiling nya. What is the message of the Song? House Rules  1. Active Participation 2. Raise your hand if you want to participate 3. Respect your classmates’ answers Formulate Questions NOTE: Please take notes the important info. What are the branches of Philosophy? ´video What is the “content” all about? TRUTH? Man as a Seeker of Truth  Learning Targets At the end of the topic… I can differentiate the relative truth and objective truth. I can discuss the philosophical bases of determining the truth. I can enumerate some philosophical fallacies used in everyday life. What is TRUTH? 6 Blind Men and the Elephant (by John Godfrey Saxe) I need 6 actors 6 Blind Men and the Elephant (by John Godfrey Saxe) Blind man 1 “Mmmm, I can feel, the elephant is like a rough wall.”  Blind man 2: “No, you are wrong. The elephant is like a tree.” Blind man 3: ”That´s a lie, that´s a lie! My hands tell me clearly that the elephant is like a spear.” Blind man 4: ”You are completely wrong. I also touched it and I am sure that it´s like a hand fan, and my fingers don`t lie to me.”  Blind man 5: “Nobody lies to me. The elephant is like a snake.” Blind man 6: “None of you know how an elephant looks like! I think that the elephant is like a rope to tie packages.” Puzzle Time Questions: 1.What does the story want to tell us? 2.How is the story related with the question about the “truth” or “reality”? ´Truth is a fundamental concept in philosophy, ethics, science, and everyday life. Understanding what truth means and how we determine what is true has been a central question for centuries. Here are some key points to consider in a discussion about truth:  At its core, truth refers to the quality or state of 1. being in accord with fact or reality. Philosophers What is have long debated what this means and how we Truth? can know if something is true. There are several major theories that attempt to define truth: ´Correspondence Theory: Truth is when a statement corresponds to reality. For example, the statement "The sun rises in the east" is true if, in reality, the sun does rise in the east. ´Coherence Theory: Truth is determined by how well a statement fits within a consistent system of beliefs. If a new idea or belief aligns with and supports other established beliefs, it is considered true. ´Pragmatic Theory: Truth is whatever works in practice. If a belief leads to successful outcomes, or if acting on a belief helps us solve problems, then it is considered true.  · In Ancient Greece, Socrates had a great reputation of wisdom. One day, someone came to find the great philosopher and said to him: - Do you know what I just heard about your friend? - A moment, replied Socrates. Before you tell me, I would like to test you the three sieves. - The three sieves? - Yes, continued Socrates. Before telling anything about the others, it's good to take the time to filter what you mean. I call it the test of the three sieves. The first sieve is the TRUTH. Have you checked if what you're going to tell me is true? - No, I just heard it.  - Very good! So, you don't know if it's true. We continue with the second sieve, that of KINDNESS. What you want to tell me about my friend, is it good? - Oh, no! On the contrary. - So, questioned Socrates, you want to tell me bad things about him and you're not even sure they're true? Maybe you can still pass the test of the third sieve, that of UTILITY. Is it useful that I know what you're going to tell me about this friend?  - No, really. - So, concluded Socrates, what you were going to tell me is neither true, nor good, nor useful. Why, then, did you want to tell me this? "Gossip is a bad thing. In the beginning it may seem enjoyable and fun, but in the end, it fills our hearts with bitterness and poisons us, too!" - Pope Francis 2. Objective vs. Subjective Truth ´Objective Truth: This is truth that exists independently of anyone's beliefs or feelings. Facts like "Water is H2O" are objectively true regardless of whether someone believes them or not. 2. Objective truth – “There is an objective truth”. This means that there is only one truth that we are basing. This is the total opposite of the relativistic view. Truth is objective… ´Subjective Truth: This is truth that depends on personal experience or perspective. For example, "Chocolate ice cream is the best flavor" might be true for someone but not for another person. Subjective truth is often related to personal feelings or opinions. Subjective Truth ´It follows objective truth. There are truths that depend on the certain perspective. Examples: ´You find a person beautiful but for your friends she is ugly. ´Lebron is tall because He is 6’9ft. But he is short compare to Durant who is 7’1ft. But Yao Ming is taller among them because he is 7’6ft. Is Lebron really tall?  Objective Subjective Subjective ´3. Relativism and Absolutism Relativism: ´ The idea that truth can change depending on context, such as culture or time. A relativist might argue that what is morally or factually true for one society could be different for another, and that both truths can be valid in their respective contexts. Relative truth – “What is true to you might false to me and what is False to you might true to me”. “Truth is relative”. This means that truth depends on each person. For relativist, this is true… Absolutism: The belief that there is a single, unchanging truth that applies to all people, everywhere, at all times. Absolute truths exist independently of cultural or individual differences. ´4. Truth in Science ´In science, truth is often viewed through the lens of evidence and experimentation. A scientific theory is considered true when it consistently explains observations and withstands attempts to disprove it. However, science also recognizes that truth is provisional— new evidence can modify or replace existing truths. ´5. Truth in Ethics ´In ethics, the concept of truth can become more complex. Moral truths, like whether an action is right or wrong, often depend on cultural norms, individual beliefs, and circumstances. Some people believe in moral absolutism (there are universal moral truths), while others lean towards moral relativism (moral truths vary by context).  6. The Search for Truth The pursuit of truth is a central human endeavor. People seek truth in many areas—whether through philosophy, science, religion, or personal experience. However, the challenge is that truth can sometimes be elusive or interpreted differently depending on perspective, bias, or available information. ´Truth is a multifaceted concept that raises important questions about reality, belief, and knowledge. Different theories of truth attempt to explain how we can know what is true, and the debate between objective and subjective truth, as well as relativism and absolutism, highlights the complexity of this topic. In all areas of life, from science to ethics, the search for truth remains an essential yet challenging pursuit. TRUTH IN THE IT IS CONCERNED CONTEXT OF WITH THE PRINCIPLES, METAPHYSICS STRUCTURES, AND MEANINGS THAT UNDERLIE ALL OBSERVABLE REALITY. Truth in the It is the study context of of correct Logic. reasoning.  In the context of METAPHYSICS Truth – it is the conformity or agreement of the mind to the objective reality. Opinion is subjective. Four Zones of Truth Theology Humanities Philosophy Science  Four Zones of Truth Theology (spiritual values) Humanities (interpersonal Philosophy (social values) values) Science (material values) Zones of truth ´ These zones are the ones who provided us with objective truths. We can say that a thing is true because we base it to what the four zones have said. Example, why you will believe if someone says “the sun is so hot”? Probably, you believe because that is what science has told. You will not believe that the sun is cold not unless if science will told so. EARTH is Flat ´Aristotle (384-322 BC) was among the first to recognize the fact of our planet being a round sphere. He observed lunar eclipses and noticed that only a round sphere could imply a circular shadow. One of the most enduring myths that children grow up with is the idea that Columbus was the only one of his time who believed that the Earth was round; everyone else believed it was flat. “How brave the sailors of 1492 must have been,” you might imagine, “to travel towards the edge of the world without fear of falling off! -Emma Miler Bolenius, American Schoolbook Author, 1919 However there is some risk specially if these four zones will not be in harmony and will claim different truths because it will confuse people. RH Bill - Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 ´Theology - it is bad because it violates the law of nature. ´Science – It is good because it is a healthy way (They are the once who created it). ´Philosophy – It might be good or bad depending on the situation. ´Humanities – others will say good others will say bad (depends on the perspective of the people) Instruction Write 3 things about yourself 1 thing about yourself is TRUE 2 thing about yourself are LIES Example 1. I have fear of high places 2. I like dogs and cats 3. I enjoy painting  Instruction Choose someone to guess which one is TRUE in the 3 things you write about yourself.  Instruction 2 minutes to write 1 minute to choose Question? Question? Question? Question? Question? Question? Question? Time starts now! How do you find the ACTIVITY? Truth in the Context of LOGIC Truth in the Context of Logic Student 1: Bugo ka! Student 2: Ikaw? Bright diay ka? Student 1: Ingon ba diay ko nga bright ko? Akong ingon raman nga bugo ka. Broadening the concept How are we going to ensure the truth?  Educate yourself with a right education through…. Attend classes Listen to your teachers Study and read books Listen to your guilt/conscience Follow Jesus  What values you might develop in the topic? Excellence and Self- discipline SCHOOL: Training Ground ´Mission Advance a responsive and dynamic learning environment that draws out the best in all; Promote responsible stewardship towards social transformation, progress and sustainable development. TIME of Preparation! #Social Orientation  PANANAGUTAN Walang sinuman ang nabubuhay para sa sarili lamang. Walang sinuman ang namamatay para sa sarili lamang. Tayong lahat ay may pananagutan sa isa’t isa. Tayong lahat ay tinipon ng Diyos na kapiling nya. #Evaluation Four Zones of Truth  SUMMARY Chart Three words that struck you today… Two things that you want to do… One thing that you want to share… PURPOSIVE ASSIGNMENT Story Analysis (15 points) Read/Watch the story entitled “Love is a Fallacy” (By Max Shulman) Write 500 words Reaction Paper Submit it next meaning  Reference: Ramos, Christine Carmela R. 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Rex Printing Company, Inc. https://www.filozofia.bme.hu/sites/defa ult/files/love_is_a_fallacy.pdf SALAMAT PO!