Lesson 2.4 Tools of Colonialism PDF

SOCIAL SCIENCE 1 Tools of Colonialism | Module 2 Lesson 2.4 At the end of this module, the student should be able to: explain the role of different tools used by explorers in their voyages to discover other territories; situate the Philippines within the grand n...

SOCIAL SCIENCE 1 Tools of Colonialism | Module 2 Lesson 2.4 At the end of this module, the student should be able to: explain the role of different tools used by explorers in their voyages to discover other territories; situate the Philippines within the grand narrative of exploration and colonialism; and analyze the context and conditions that surround the Philippine’s reaction to the onset of colonization and its results. Suggested Time: 1 min | Actual Time Spent: ____min(s) Timeline Discussion. Reflect on the following discussion points. (Non-graded Assessment) 1. Point out the major events which happened around the world which caused the so-called “Age of Exploration” and its consequences using the timeline below. Social Science 1: Philippine History| Page 1 of 7  Image source: https://asgexplorers.weebly.com/zheng-he.html 2. By looking at the map above, did you know that China was left uninterested in European contact because of advances under the Ming and Qing dynasties? (Answer: China was left uninterested in European contact because of advances under the Ming and Qing dynasties.) Let us analyze then this situation by reflecting on the following questions: a. Identify the modern countries visited by Zheng He in 1405. (Answers: Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, and Kenya).Can you relate this to the present strategy China is using to connect with the many countries as possible? What could be their agenda? 3. The Renaissance encouraged, among other things, a new spirit of adventure and prompted the Europeans to explore the world around them. Consult a world map and trace Vasco da Gama’s route in his first voyage (1497-1498). (Answer: South Africa, Mozambique, Kenya, India). How did Vasco de Gama’s travel influence the succeeding colonization of many countries outside of Europe? 4. Think about far-reaching effects of international contact which were brought about by the tools of exploration and colonization. Suggested Time: 10 mins | Actual Time Spent: ____min(s) European interest and ability to explore foreign lands became evident, when in the early 1400s, they sought new trade routes as a result of their desire to grow rich, spread their religion, and venture beyond their borders for adventure and curiosity. Advances in technology and improvement in navigational techniques made the voyages of discovery possible. Scientific and technological progress specifically in shipbuilding, cartography and navigational instruments contributed significantly to the success of the exploratory expeditions. Social Science 1: Philippine History| Page 2 of 7  Portugal led in developing and applying these innovations as exemplified by the efforts of Prince Henry “the Navigator” who established a school that gathered scholars, mapmakers, sailors, shipbuilders, and scientists to perfect their trade. Portuguese sailors were able to explore the coast of Africa and in 1498, Vasco da Gama reached India. Spain on the other hand opened the way for European colonization of the Americas when Christopher Columbus unsuspectingly reached the enormous continent. These expeditions led to the acquisition of colonial territories and founding of new settlements. Rivalry between Spain and Portugal grew tense and in 1493, Pope Alexander VI mediated to keep peace between the two nations. He issued a decree that partitioned the world through a Line of Demarcation which according to him, all non-Christian lands to the west of Cape Verde Island were Spain’s, where all lands in the east in the stated boundaries belonged to Portugal. In 1494, the two nations signed the Treaty of Tordesillas and earnestly began the era of exploration and colonization. Tools of Exploration: The Nao or carrack is a Mediterranean ship of exploration commonly used during the 14th - 16th centuries. They are believed to be a development of the Galley ship which was powered by both square sails and oars. The Nao discontinued the use of the oars opting for more sails as it became the main type of European ship to cross the rough Atlantic Ocean. They are equipped with steel and iron cannons and mortars with the fore and aft castles providing the primary defensive bastions. In March 1521, Ferdinand Magellan’s Armada de Maluku sailed into precolonial Philippine waters aboard three of these vessels: the flagship Trinidad, the Concepcion, and the Victoria which later became the first ship to successfully circumnavigate the world under the command of Juan Sebastian Elcano. https://nqc.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Nao_Description.png th This 17 century compass is typical of The sextant replaced the astrolabe in the mid-1700s those taken by navigators on voyages of as the instrument for measuring the height of the stars exploration. The compass was invented by above the horizon – to determine latitude and the Chinese. longitude. Social Science 1: Philippine History| Page 3 of 7 Image source: Compass with sextant and dial Image source: (1617, Elias Allen) https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co8008008/ sextant-by-jesse-ramsden-sextant Coloured map of the Philippines, Thailand, China, 1492 – Martin Behaim’s globe India. Printed in Amsterdam by H. Hondius circa 1606. https://masscommons.wordpress.com/2016/09/08/1492- martin-behaims-globe/ India Orientalis, Gerard Mercator (*1512 - †1594) Suggested Time: 8 mins | Actual Time Spent: ____min(s) Social Science 1: Philippine History| Page 4 of 7  Graded Assessment: Primary Source (15 points) Read the following excerpt from The Treaty of Tordesillas and then answer the questions that follow... whereas a certain controversy exists between the said lords, their constituents, as to what lands, of all those discovered in the Ocean Sea up to the present day, the date of this treaty, pertain to each one of the said parts respectively; therefore, for the sake of peace and concord... [they] covenanted and agreed that a boundary or straight line be determined and drawn north and south, from pole to pole, on the said Ocean Sea—from the Arctic to the Antarctic pole. This boundary, or line shall be drawn straight... at a distance of three hundred and seventy leagues west of the Cabo Verde Islands.... And all lands, both islands and mainlands, found and discovered already, or to be found and discovered hereafter by the said King of Portugal and by his vessels on this side of the said line... shall belong to, and remain in the possession of, and pertain forever to the said King of Portugal and his successors. And all other lands—both islands and mainlands, found or to be found hereafter... by the said King and Queen of Castilla, Aragon, etc., and by their vessels, on the western side of the said bound... shall belong to, and remain in the possession of, and pertain forever to the said King and Queen of Castilla, Leon, etc., and to their successors. ~from The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 Source: http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/before-1600/the-treaty-of-tordesillas-june-7-1494.php 1. Assume that you were one of the witnesses of the signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas way back in 1494. What do you think of this treaty? (5 points) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The treaty states that lands discovered now or after shall belong to one or the other forever. Do you think this way of ownership should be adopted today? Explain your answer. (5 points) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What do you think did the Treaty of Tordesillas reveal about the attitude of the Europeans toward non-Europeans? (5 points) Social Science 1: Philippine History| Page 5 of 7 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Rubric in marking your answer. Criteria Excellent Satisfactory Poor CONTENT 2 pts. 1 pt. 0 pt. 2 pts. Context is well- There is an evidence The context is not developed; Ideas are of a developed clear. Ideas may have well-supported and context but there is a questionable are accurate and need to add more factuality. Confusion relevant. details for a strong of the reader is a support. possible outcome. ORGANIZATION 2 pts. 1 pt. 0 pt. OF IDEAS 2 pts. There is an evidence Ideas are organized. Coherence between of clear, effective, However, minimal ideas is not evident. graceful, coherent inclusions of The reader may find transition of ideas in irrelevant ideas are difficulty in the essay. The evident. They do not understanding the organization aids the affect the essence of collective thought of reader to understand the essay. the essay. the connections of the ideas clearly and easily to each other. SYNTAX 1 pt. 0 pt. 1 pt. The structure and the Minimal distractions Distractions use of words, regarding syntax are regarding syntax is punctuations, and present i.e. failure to very evident. Wrong capitalizations in the capitalize a letter, use of words, sentence/s are correct misuse, or lack of punctuations, and and appropriate. punctuations in a capitalizations hinder sentence, and the reader to inappropriate understand the wording. But these thought/s. distractions do not affect the essence of the essay. Adopted from: Sir Erin Dela Cruz, Soc Sci Teacher, PSHS Main Campus Suggested Time: 10 mins | Actual Time Spent: ____min(s) Social Science 1: Philippine History| Page 6 of 7  Economics fueled the age of exploration, and the consequences included the interaction among people of other cultures. European voyages marked the beginning of lasting contact between Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas Technological advancements allow today’s explorers to travel faster, farther and safer and to visit new places, just as advances in technology expanded the range of explorers at the onset of the age of exploration and colonization. Today, as we still face the unknown when journeying to new places, we can benefit from studying and analyzing the era of European expansion. Suggested Readings and Activities for Enrichment on the topic: 1. How Magellan circumnavigated the globe (Ted Ed): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFdiX8mj0Es&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR2reFVpOCJ _OD92XMdv_NPlqvT3xcbkCN6qsabV8t0uYdyfctbikf4wopg 2. Morrison, Samuel E., Admiral of the ocean sea: A life of Christopher Columbus; Pigafetta, Antonio, “Magellan’s voyage around the world,” in BR 33-34 3. You may download the new set of Quincentennial Papercrafts featuring the boats of our ancestors and an example of Spanish Nao (carrack) used by the Magellan-Elcano expedition. Follow the link to download [https://nqc.gov.ph/en/quincentennial-paper-crafts/]. Suggested Time: 1 min | Actual Time Spent: ____min(s) References: Agoncillo, T. (2006). Introduction to Filipino History. Quezon City: Garotech Publishing. Agoncillo, T. and Mangahas, F. (2010). Philippine History: Expanded and Updated Edition. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc Beck, R. and Black, L. (2012). World History: Patterns of Interaction. MA, USA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Lay-out and Design of Learning Guide Credit: Nneka B. Evangelista, Soc Sci 5 Teacher, PSHS-CALABARZON Campus Prepared by: Bobby Ray A. Atmosfera Reviewed by: Dr. Cristina B. Cristobal Position: Special Science Teacher Position: Special Science Teacher Campus: PSHS – CARC Campus: PSHS – MC © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Documents are uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. Social Science 1: Philippine History| Page 7 of 7