Lesson 12: Categorical Imperative PDF

Finals CLASS SHARING! What does this saying mean? Finals Lesson 2 GE- Ethics The Categorical Imperative Finals Finals Finals Lesson Objectives At the end the lesson, the learners will...

Finals CLASS SHARING! What does this saying mean? Finals Lesson 2 GE- Ethics The Categorical Imperative Finals Finals Finals Lesson Objectives At the end the lesson, the learners will be able to: 1. Define the essence of the categorical imperative and its formulations 2. Analyze how the categorical imperative works. Finals Finals The Categorial Imperative Finals Finals What is Categorical Imperative?  the supreme moral principle, according the Deontological Moral Theory of the German Philosopher: Immanuel Kant References: https://www.csus.edu/indiv/g/gaskilld/ethics/kantian%20ethics.htm Finals Deontological Moral Theory Virtue Ethics Deontology  focuses on the  to be moral or to be acquisition of virtues or good depends on the good character traits fulfillment of our duty. and achieving happiness or well being to live a  In other words, morality is good or moral life a matter of doing our duty. “He or she who does her duty lives a moral life.” References: https://www.csus.edu/indiv/g/gaskilld/ethics/kantian%20ethics.htm Finals Deontology  Concerned with what people do and not about the consequence of actions.  What you do is what makes you moral or immoral  Focuses on intention and motivation of action. References: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/duty_1.shtml Finals CHECKLIST: Deontology Act Intention Motivation “A good act is good in itself , good in intention, and is a product of good will.” References: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/duty_1.shtml Finals Duty  “ought to do or must do” For example: It is the duty of the parents to rear and educate their children. It is the duty of the spouses to love, respect and support each other. It is the duty of the teacher to teach the students well. It is the duty of the students to study and learn and apply what he or she has learned for his/her own good and for the good of others. References: https://www.csus.edu/indiv/g/gaskilld/ethics/kantian%20ethics.htm Finals Basis of Duty  The basis or principle of duty, according to Immanuel Kant, is the categorical Imperative. Principle Imperative Categorical  that from which something  A command  Absolute; not conditional proceeds  You do it no matter what  Example:  All duties proceed or come happens, no matter what  “Thou shall not kill.” the consequence is. from the categorical imperative  “Be honest even if  It is necessary and non- others are not.” negotiable References: https://www.csus.edu/indiv/g/gaskilld/ethics/kantian%20ethics.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/duty_1.shtml Finals Categorical Imperative  Absolute command of reason REASON… intrinsically knows that there are right and wrong actions by nature; gives an absolute command to do the right action and avoid the wrong actions no matter the cost and consequence; “All human beings have the same duty in as far as they have reason or are rational.” References: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/duty_1.shtml Finals How do we know that what Finals we are about to do is based on duty? References: Kant, I. (n.d.). Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals. Finals Three Formulations of the Categorical Imperative First Formulation Second Formulation Third Formulation  Act only according to  Act in a way that you  Act in accordance to what is universally treat humanity not as the principle, "the accepted. a means/utility to laws to which you are achieve an end but subject are those of as if they are the end. your own giving, although at the same time they are universal."  Before you do something,  To treat people as objects  The action that can be ask yourself first if the action or use them as if they are accepted universally will you are about to do is mere instruments or tools is become an absolute law universally acceptable. always wrong. without exemptions, including oneself. Finals CHECKLIST: Duty If the action you’re about to do is not universally accepted… If the decision you’re about to make will treat a person as a mean… If you think that your actions are beyond universal/absolute law… Then don’t do it. It is not duty. References: Kant, I. (n.d.). Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals.