Lesson 1 - Cells, Tissues, and Organs PDF

Unit 1 Principles of Science Bidemi Keshinro BTEC Level 2 Learning Aim A Learning Aim A Explore cells organs and Specialized Cells Eukaryotic Cells genes Organelles Tissues...

Unit 1 Principles of Science Bidemi Keshinro BTEC Level 2 Learning Aim A Learning Aim A Explore cells organs and Specialized Cells Eukaryotic Cells genes Organelles Tissues Organs and Organ systems Transpiration DNA Alleles Monohybrid Inheritance Pedigree Analysis Genetic crosses Genetic mutations  Lesson 1: Organelles, Cells, Tissues, and Organs Learning Objective: Students will understand the characteristics of specialized cells, organelles, and plant organs. Starter Activity Worksheet Label the animal and plant cell diagrams. What is a eukaryote? A eukaryote is any organism consisting of one or more cells that contain DNA in a membrane-bound nucleus, separate from the cytoplasm. Eukaryotes include: ⚫ animals ⚫ plants ⚫ fungi ⚫ a diverse group known as the protists (or protoctists). All eukaryotic cells contain a large number of specialized, membrane-bound organelles. 7 of 37 © Boardworks Ltd 2008  Nucleus The largest organelle in the cell Consists chromatin which contains DNA and proteins Chromatin is seen as darkened patches when seen on a light micrograph Some of these proteins regulate the cell’s activity Makes ribosomes Has holes called nuclear pores which allow exchange of substances in and out of the nucleus Cytoplasm The gel-like fluid surrounding and suspending the organelles Plays a vital role in maintaining the cell shape Facilitates the carrying out of metabolic and enzymatic reactions Stores molecules required for cellular processes Role varies depending on the function of the cell.  Cell Membrane Dynamic structure composed of a phospholipid bilayer Contains proteins, sugar, and cholesterol molecules Facilitates the movement of molecules and ions between the inside and outside of the cell. Communicates with the environment surrounding the cell Mitochondria The mitochondrion is an energy-generating organelle. It is surrounded by two membranes. The inner layer folds inwards to form the cristae. The cristae project into a liquid called the matrix. outer membrane cristae matrix inner membrane The inner membrane is coated in enzymes, which catalyze the reactions of aerobic respiration to produce ATP. 11 of 37 © Boardworks Ltd 2008  Chloroplasts Has a double membrane and is filled with fluid called stroma. The inner membrane is a continuous network of flattened sacks called thylakoids. A single stack of thylakoids is called granum. All grana contain chlorophyll pigments.  Chloroplasts Site of photosynthesis. Light energy is used to produce carbohydrate molecules from carbon dioxide and water.  Cell Wall Composed of cellulose forming a sieve-like network. Protects and supports each cell and contributes to the structural integrity and morphology of the entire plant.  Vacuole Membrane bound sac in the cytoplasm that contains cell sap. Maintain turgor to ensure a rigid framework in the cell. Tonoplast- the partially permeable membrane of the vacuole. Allows small molecules to pass through.