Landscape Architecture ARC 362 Lecture 6 PDF

AJMAN UNIVERSITY College of Architecture, Art, and Design Department of Architecture Landscape Architecture ARC 362 Lecture 6...

AJMAN UNIVERSITY College of Architecture, Art, and Design Department of Architecture Landscape Architecture ARC 362 Lecture 6 Related CLO’s: CLO 1, CLO 2, CLO 3, CLO 4 RAGHAD MOURAD 1  Landscape Architecture ARC 362 Lecture 6 Site Analysis and Site System RAGHAD MOURAD 1. What to look for in a site analysis or site investigation? Find out the geographical context of the site Identify natural features Identify man-made features Identify cultural or legal features 2. How to Read the Terrain 3. Grading the Land 5. Vegetation RAGHAD MOURAD Identify the general context Character of the region, the metropolitan area Character of the locale and immediate surroundings Adjacent land use Transportation network, roadway infrastructure The means of accessing the site/opportunities and limitations RAGHAD MOURAD Character of the region, the metropolitan area Landscape diversity or landscape characters ◦ Hot-dry Desert-like Region, low moisture, salt lakes or flats ◦ Cold region, snow half of the year or more, high mountain. ◦ Cool-temperate Region, seasonal change, topographic scenic - - marine, plain, pastoral, mountainous areas. ◦ Tropical rain Hot- humid Region RAGHAD MOURAD 5 RAGHAD MOURAD 6 Cold region, snow half of the year or more, high mountain. RAGHAD MOURAD 7 RAGHAD MOURAD 8 RAGHAD MOURAD 9 Natural factors:Landscape diversity RAGHAD MOURAD 10 Identify Local Context How fast are cars moving on the road? Who owns the adjacent properties? What’s going on across the road? What are the possible uses throughout the neighbourhood? RAGHAD MOURAD Street Capacity RAGHAD MOURAD 12 The comparison between mass transit and private car The number of people in one hour between each type of transportation RAGHAD MOURAD 13 Potential of change Road cut through undisturbed forest changes the landscape character, disturbs natural environment and has a tendency for a lot of development along road sides RAGHAD MOURAD 14 Identify Natural Features a. terrain (rise and fall of the land) b. topography (the record of an area's terrain) c. slopes (their steepness as measured at different locales within the site) d. erosion (both present and potential areas on the site) e. directions of surface water drainage f. areas of paddling or drought g. soil qualities (pH, nutrient level, stoniness, depth of the topsoil, texture) h. existing plant materials (quantity, quality, species names, sizes, locations) i. micro climates (protected or exposed area, where plant growth may be affected) j. prevailing winds k. annual rainfall and snowfall on the site l. depth of the frost line m. off-site views RAGHAD MOURAD Land forms topography High and low points Steepness and shape Rocks Underground obstructions (rock, water) RAGHAD MOURAD Reading the Terrain: Topographic maps, represent vertical changes in the terrain as broken lines termed as contour lines. The lines represent a vertical rise or fall over the horizontal distance measured from the maps scale. Each contour line connects all of the points of equal elevation on that map and each labelled to indicate its elevation. Steep slopes are indicated by closely spaced contours and gradual slopes by widely spaced contour lines. A.Existing Contours are always shown broken B.Proposed contours are solid C.Contours are labelled on high side or middle of line D.Spot elevations are used to mark important points.. E. Contour lines neither split nor overlap F. Water always flows downhill along a route perpendicular to contour line RAGHAD MOURAD Gradient (or slope) is amount of fall or rise of land per horizontal unit. It is usually expressed as a ratio between the horizontal length and vertical rise or fall (R=V/H; 1:5 slope is 5 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical) or as a percent gradient: (%=V/H a 1: 5 slope would be 20%). RAGHAD MOURAD RAGHAD MOURAD Grading the Land: When the land is not suitable for activities planned for the site. It is necessary to reshape it. Form of the land is changed by a process called grading. When earth is removed from a slope it is called Cutting and when earth is added it is Filling A.To create level spaces for construction of buildings B.To create level spaces required for activities and facilities such as parking. pool. C.To introduce special effects such as better drainage, ponds etc. D. To improve rate and pattern of circulation. RAGHAD MOURAD Slope analysis Typical questions: 1. Contour interval, pattern of landform 2. Natural drainage pattern 3. Unique features 4. Slope analysis and percent slope. 5. Site danger signal. RAGHAD MOURAD 21 Natural factors: Geology Typical questions: ◦ 1. Which kind. What type of bedrock in which area? ◦ 2. How deep is the bedrock? ◦ 3. Is mass movement of land surface likely to occur? ◦ Tectonic: the movement caused along earth fault line, often accompanying earthquakes. ◦ Surficial process: surface material - mass movement caused by the force of gravity and unstable land such as area of fill or ledge. RAGHAD MOURAD 22 Natural factors: Geology RAGHAD MOURAD 23  Soil classification: general Soil classifications soil type based on soil texture. The triangle indicates the relative proportions of three particle sizes -- sand, silt and clay. Key words for soil characteristics-- Soil texture, soil porosity, Soil chemistry, soil moisture RAGHAD MOURAD 24 Natural factors:soil Typical questions: 1. Which kind and what depth for engineering and plant value? 2. Chemical property of soil for engineering and plant value? 3. How deep is the water table and how much it fluctuates? RAGHAD MOURAD 25  Hydrological circle Hydrological circle ◦ Surface water : ◦ existing drainage pattern ◦ water body - - pond, lake, wetland ◦ subsurface water : ◦ Aquifer ◦ Aquifer recharge areas RAGHAD MOURAD 26 Natural factors:Hydrology Hydrological circle surface and subsurface water Sensitive landscape character floodplain where to get the information : Hydrographic service department, harbor department RAGHAD MOURAD 27 Natural factors:Hydrology Typical questions ◦ 1. Drainage pattern and major water channel ◦ 2. Unique feature and size such as water body ◦ 3. Aquifer and recharge area, the depth of rise and fall 0f water table ◦ 4. Floodplain of 50 and 100 year storms. ◦ 5. What pattern, quantity and quality will be affected by the design RAGHAD MOURAD 28 Identify Man-made Features a. existing buildings (size, architectural style, color, materials) b. utilities (above and below ground) c. paved areas, such as drives, existing patios, basketball or tennis courts \ d. existing landscape features, such as walls, pergolas, fences, pools e. building details, such as the location of doors, windows, utility meters, air conditioners, downspouts, dryer vents, exterior mounted lights f. current storage spaces for trash (waste) containers, garden tools, recreational vehicles g. adjacent property development. RAGHAD MOURAD Man-made factors: circulation Linkage and movement pattern communication circulation system : accessibility potential of change RAGHAD MOURAD 30 Facilities The map shown facilities’ location of Bronx Community, also shown the recreation facilities such as parks and Zoo in the site extend Public school Social service Hospital Fire station Library, Post office RAGHAD MOURAD 31 Identify Cultural and legal limits Property line or parcel limits Zoning and land use Right of ways Easements ( land strips accessible to utility companies) Legal requirements influencing the site, such as deed’s restriction, minimum distance from property line etc... Historical significance of the site RAGHAD MOURAD Legal limits Property lines Road (public) right-of-way Property size in square metres Zoning and development restrictions RAGHAD MOURAD Man-made factors: Law and regulation Density : F.A.R Zoning district Set back, fire lane and other regulation Parking schedule RAGHAD MOURAD 34  Man-made factors:Law and regulation n Floor area ratio(FAR)= building area Site area FAR is one of the density control device, FAR is a term the zoning F.A.R.=1/2 ordinance will use to quantify and limit the amount of square footage of building area as a function of the building site One-story bldg. Two-story bldg. RAGHAD MOURAD 35 Law and regulation Zoning setback and height limits-- these minimums and maximums provide the basis for the maximum building envelope on the site. RAGHAD MOURAD 36  Vegetation Location Size (age) Type (native or exotic) Health Value RAGHAD MOURAD Vegetation map Vegetation map or existing trees map Existing mature trees with 7-10 cm. Or more in caliper. Existing plant groups which is important to preserve the ecology and landscape character RAGHAD MOURAD 38 Vegetation map Vegetation map or existing trees map Existing mature trees with 7-10 cm. Or more in caliper. Existing plant groups which is important to preserve the ecology and landscape character RAGHAD MOURAD 39 Natural factors: vegetation and Evidence of life form wildlife pattern of movement RAGHAD MOURAD 40 Aesthetic factors: Visual quality Landscape special character Spatial pattern of the site Visual quality and character Visual disturbance RAGHAD MOURAD 41 Aesthetic factors: Landscape special character Natural features Urban features Visual value/ characters ◦ vista ◦ panoramic view ◦ visual channel Rocky outcrops ◦ framed view/ filter view ◦ point of interest RAGHAD MOURAD 42 Aesthetic factors: Natural view Urban view RAGHAD MOURAD 43  Aesthetic factors: visual character Vista Panoramic view Framed view Filtered view RAGHAD MOURAD 44 Example of a Site Analysis RAGHAD MOURAD RAGHAD MOURAD RAGHAD MOURAD RAGHAD MOURAD RAGHAD MOURAD RAGHAD MOURAD RAGHAD MOURAD