Lecture 3: Concept and Perceptions of Health, Illness, and Disease/Healing PDF

Concept and Perceptions of Health, Illness and Disease/Healing system 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 1  Objectives At the end of this unit the students will be able to: Describe the concepts of health, illness and disease. Discuss he...

Concept and Perceptions of Health, Illness and Disease/Healing system 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 1  Objectives At the end of this unit the students will be able to: Describe the concepts of health, illness and disease. Discuss health and disease as a product of social behavior. 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 2  DEFINITIONS – Disease: refers to medical conception of pathological abnormality which is indicated by a set of signs and symptoms. (Prognosis) recovery is difficult, chronic- ( Example: DM,MI). – Illness : refers primarily to a persons' feeling of pain, discomfort, and the like it is possible , of course both to feel ill without having a disease or to have a disease without feeling ill.( no prognosis, easily treated or recovery.(Example: Flu) 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 3  Classification of disease : – Acute disease are illnesses that strike suddenly and cause dramatic incapacitation sometimes death.( short duration example (OM, Appendicitis) – Chronic disease: are long terms or lifelong illnesses that develop gradually or are present at birth, the treatment of chronic disease is typically more costly by cause of the duration of these problems (DM. M I). 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 4  Etiology of Disease: Biological agent (viruses, Bacteria, fungi) Physical agent, Heat, could, Humidity Genetically Transmitted disease Stress 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 5  Characteristic of being health Complete physical, mental, social well-being. Ability to maintain normal roles Process of adoption to physical and social environment. Striving toward optimal wellness. Individual definition. 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 6  Impact of illness On the client Illness can lead to changes of client's lifestyle, body image, self-concept, and loss of autonomy. Changes vary depending on the nature, severity, duration of illness, attitudes about illness, the financial demands, and lifestyle change. 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 7  CONTINUE A.Lifestyle changes: refer a values and behaviors adopted by a person in daily life. Ill person may change his diet, activity, exercises, rest, and sleep patterns. B- Body image change: means how a person perceives the size, appearance and functioning of his or her body or its parts. Example: loss of body parts, scaring, crippling, etc… C- self-concept: refers to the collection ideas, feeling, and beliefs one has about oneself. 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 8  CONTINUE Many factors can play in a disturbance of self- concept and low self-esteem, such as loss of body parts, financial problems, dependence on others, unemployment, inability to participate, in social function. D- Loss of autonomy : the state of being independent and self-directed without control. eg. Crippling or handicap 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 9 On the family A persons illness affects not only the person who is ill but also the family and significant others. The type dependent: The member of the family who is ill. The seriousness and length of the illness. The cultural and social customs the family include: 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 10  CONTINUE Role changes. Increasing demands on time Anxiety about outcomes Conflict about unaccustomed responsibilities. Financial problems. Loneliness as a result of separation. Change in social customs. 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 11  Nursing intervention Explanations about adjustments Arrangements to accommodate lifestyle Encourage health professions to become aware of changes and give support Reinforce desirable change in practice 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 12  Well-being and wellness Well-being : is a subjective perception of a good and satisfactory existence in which the individual has a positive experience of personal abilities, harmony, and vitality. Wellness: is an active seven- dimensional process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a higher level of well-being. 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 13  Dimensions of wellness : 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 14  CONTINUE Physical : the ability to carry out daily tasks, achieve fitness, maintain nutrition, avoid abusing drugs and alcohol, generally to practice positive lifestyle habits. Social: the ability to interact successfully with people and with the environment in which each person is a part, to develop and maintain intimacy with significant others, and to develop respect and tolerance for those with different opinions and belief. 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 15  Cont,… Emotional: ability to manage stress, ability to express emotion. Intellectual : the ability to learn and use information effectively , ability to learn and grow.( active role/ employment, curiosity, keeping up with current events 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 16  CONTINUE Spiritual : the belief in some force that serves to unite human being and provide meaning and purpose to life. It includes moral, values, and ethics. Occupational : the ability to achieve balance between work and leisure time satisfaction with work enhances a sense of well-being and contributes to illness. Environmental : the ability to promote health measures that improve the standard of living and quality of life in the community. This includes influences as food, water, 11/15/2024 air Ms. Iram Majeed 17  References Carney, M. (2006). Health Service Management: Culture, Consensus & the Middle Manager. New Delhi: Prentice hall of India Pvt. Ltd. Gould, K. A. (2011). Population Health: Creating a Culture of Wellness. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Barltlett Learning. Helman, C. G. (2000). Culture, Health & Illness (4th ed.). Oxford: Butterworth- Heinmann. Park, J. E. (1989). Text book preventive and social medicine (22nded.). India: Jabalpur. 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 18  Shives, L. R. (2008). Basic concepts of psychiatric- mental health nursing (7th ed.). India: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Silvestri, L. A. (2011). NCLEX-RN Examination (5th ed.). USA: Elesevier. Thornbory, G. (2009). Public Health Nursing: A Textbook for Health Visitors, School Nurses and Occupational Health Nurses. Chichester: Wiley- Blackwell. Townroe, C., & Yates, G. (1999). Sociology (4th ed.). Harlow: Longman. Whitehead, D., & Irvine, F. (2010). Health Promotion and Health Education in Nursing: A Framework for Practice. UK: Palgrave & McMillan. 11/15/2024 Ms. Iram Majeed 19