Lecture 2 Tourism Growth and Future (1) PDF

Chapter 2 Tourism: Its origins, growth and future  Intended Learning Outcomes  By the end of the week you should be able to:  Understand the underlying processes affecting tourism;  Explain the importance of the resort life cycle;  Distinguis...

Chapter 2 Tourism: Its origins, growth and future  Intended Learning Outcomes  By the end of the week you should be able to:  Understand the underlying processes affecting tourism;  Explain the importance of the resort life cycle;  Distinguish between domestic and international tourism;  Understand the evolution of tourism;  Explain the factors associated with the future trends in tourism development. The European Grand Tour  Key destinations and places to visit in Europe;  Young aristocrats accompanied by tutors;  The Renaissance and the emergence of interest in classical antiques;  Growth of spas as a form of tourism development. Figure 2.1 Grand Tour routes in Europe, 1661 – 1700 (© Elsevier) Reprinted from Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 12, J. Towner, The Grand Tour: A key phase in the history of tourism: 297 – 333 © 1985 with permission from Elsevier Figure 2.2 Grand Tour routes in Europe, 1814 – 1820 (© Elsevier) Reprinted from Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 12, J. Towner, The Grand Tour: A key phase in the history of tourism: 297 – 333 © 1985 with permission from Elsevier  Tourism and the coast  Late eighteenth century emergence of coastal areas as a new form of tourism development;  The railway connected coastal resorts;  The major cities provided the primary source of demand;  First provision of a package holiday by Thomas Cook dated to 1841. Figure 2.3 The development of selected leisure destinations in the eastern USA by the mid-nineteenth century. Source: An Historical Geography of Recreation and Tourism, J. Towner, 1996. © John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Reproduced with permission Towards International Mass Tourism  Post-war period saw a growth in income, leisure time and opportunities for international travel;  Expansion in air travel and emergence of charter holiday companies;  Increase in package holiday expenditure by consumers. Figure 2.4 Number of visitors to Britain, 1921 – 57 (no data are available for 1939 – 45) Source: Based on tabulated data in Lickorish and Kershaw (1958 : 339) Figure 2.5 The growth of tourism in Spain Towards International Mass Tourism  Changes in demand for travel;  Transportation improvements;  New forms of holiday accommodation;  Innovations by tour operators;  Destination information availability;  Destination promotion. The future of Tourism and Space Tourism  Ageing population;  Single households;  Information technology;  Environmental consciousness;  Greater convenience sort after;  Technological advancement;  Orbital flights and space hotels. Chapter 12 The future of tourism: Post tourism?  Intended Learning Outcomes  By the end of the week you should be able to:  Understand why the tourism industry needs to be proactive in managing its impacts;  Explain how tourism had developed to a point where it may be uncontrollable in relation to the snowball concept;  Understand the main drivers of change. Figure 12.1 Tourism growth and development – Snowball concept  The snowball concept in tourism  Linear growth of tourism can be viewed as a snowball gathering momentum as it rolls down a hill;  Rapid growth means that the snowball becomes unstoppable with less effective government intervention;  The result is an overdeveloped, comprised, and unattractive tourism destination. Figure 12.2 The ‘amoeba’ concept of tourism  The amoeba concept in tourism  A single-cell, simple form that can reproduce itself.  The ability to adapt and change to meet customer needs.  The amoeba keeps dividing and producing new entrepreneurs.  Future Tourism Drivers  Prosperity and affordability;  Accessibility;  Events;  Globalization and competition;  The ‘anxiety society’;  Longevity;  Image and brand;  Future Tourism Drivers  Technology;  Environment;  Individualism;  Time pressures;  The movement from an experience economy to authenticity;  Perceptions of luxury;  Quality. Figure 12.3 Mitigation strategies for tackling greenhouse gas emissions in tourism Figure 12.4 The concept of managed tourism  Reference Chapters 2 and 12; Page, S. 2011. Tourism Management, 4th ed. UK: Elsevier Ltd.