Medical Prefixes PhD Clinical Lecture 2 3

 ❑ Learning Outcomes (LOS) 1-1-2-1 : Utilize various prefixes, suffixes, and roots when writing scientific and medical expressions in the pharmacy profession and health care community  Word Prefixes  ❑ Prefixes are letters which are located at the beginning of a me...

 ❑ Learning Outcomes (LOS) 1-1-2-1 : Utilize various prefixes, suffixes, and roots when writing scientific and medical expressions in the pharmacy profession and health care community  Word Prefixes  ❑ Prefixes are letters which are located at the beginning of a medical term to give a description for the root Position or Time location Quantity Color Prefixes Negation Size Miscellaneous  a) Prefixes pertaining to position or location No Prefixes Meaning Examples Intra inside or ✓ intracellular inside cells 1 in within ✓ inhalation taking breath into the lung En Endo ✓ encephalitis brain inflammation ✓ endocarditis means inflammation within the heart ✓intercellular means between cells 2 Inter between ✓intercostal means between ribs. No Prefixes Meaning Examples 3 Peri Around ✓ Pericarditis inflammation around the heart Ec Outside ✓ectopic pregnancy pregnancy outside the uterine cavity 4 Exo Ecto ✓exocytosis expelling particles outside a cell. 5 Retro Behind ✓Retrosternal Goiter Enlarged thyroid gland behind sternum No Prefixes Meaning Examples ✓ Subcutaneous / Hypodermis 6 Sub Under Hypo Lower Under skin 7 ✓ Epigastric Above the stomach Epi above ✓ Epicardiac Above the heart Supra ✓ Suprarenal Above the kidney 8 Ad toward ✓ Adduction movement of limb toward the midline of the body. 9 Ab away ✓ Abduction movement of limb away from the midline of the body. 10 Apo Separate ✓ Apoptosis means fragmentation of a cell into separate parts.  b) Prefixes pertaining to Quantity Mono / Uni Bi Tri Tetra / Quadri Single / One Two Three Four ✓ Monocyte ✓ Bilateral ✓ Tricuspid valve ✓ Quadriplegia Single cell Two side is a heart valve Paralysis in all 4 composed of three parts limbs ✓ Unidirectional ✓ Binuclear cell has one direction has two nucleus  Multi / Poly Semi / hemi Hypo Oligo Many / much Half Lower than normal Few ✓ Polycystic ovary many small cysts ✓ Semiconscious ✓ Hypotension ✓ Oligospermia on the ovaries Half conscious Low blood pressure decreased sperm count ✓ Polyarthritis ✓ Hemiplegia ✓ Polypharmacy paralysis in one Hyper ✓ Oliguria ✓ Multivitamin half of the body Contain combination decreased urine higher than normal of vitamins formation ✓ Hypertension high blood pressure  Homo / Homeo Hetero / Allo Schizo Amphi / diplo / ambi same Different Split / divided Double ✓ Homomorphic ✓ Heterotypic ✓ Schizophrenia ✓ Diplopia Same shape Different types Divided mind Double vision ✓Homeostasis State of equilibrium in the body ✓ Allopathy Different disease ✓ Ambivalent Mixed feeling or emotion  c) Prefixes pertaining to Negation A / An Without ✓ Anuria No urine ✓ Atony Loss of muscle tone ✓ Anesthesia without feeling ✓ Aspermia No sperm cells Anti / Contra Against ✓ Antiemetic ✓ Contraception Drug which Inhibition of pregnancy stop emesis  d) Prefixes pertaining to Time Ante / Pre Post Before after ✓ Antepartum ✓ Postpartum Before childbirth After labor ✓ Postoperative After surgery ✓ Premenstrual Before menstrual cycle ✓ Postmortem After death  e) Prefixes pertaining to Color Leuko / Leuco White Erythro Red ✓ Leukocyte White cell ✓ Erythrocyte Red cell ✓ Leukemia ✓ Erythema Redness Cancer of Leukocytes of skin Melano Black ✓ Melanocyte ✓ Melanoma Black tumor Cell that secret black pigment melanin  Cyan Blue Cirrh Yellow ✓ Cyanosis bluishness of skin ✓Cirrhotic Yellowish ✓chloroma Chloro greenish yellow tumor Green originating from myeloid tissue  e) Prefixes pertaining to Size Micro Macro / Mega / megalo Small Large ✓ Microorganism ✓ Mega-colon ✓ Megaloblastic anemia Small organism Large colon type of anemia characterized by large blood cells ✓ Micro-cardia Heart size smaller than normal  f) Miscellaneous Prefixes No Prefixes Meaning Examples Hydro ✓ Hydrophobia ✓ Hydrocephalus 1 Water Pathological fear of water Congestion of water on brain 2 Noct night ✓ Nocturnal enuresis urination during night 3 Mal bad ✓ Malnutrition Bad nutrition 3 Pseudo False Pseudopods False leg 4 Crypt hidden Cryptorchidism State of hidden testis No Prefixes Meaning Examples ✓Dysmenorrhea menstruation with 5 Dys Difficult difficulty Painful ✓Dyspnea Difficulty in breath 6 Re Again ✓ Rehydration return of water to a system after loss Dia 7 per Through ✓ Transfusion transferring blood or blood products to compensate Trans 8 Steno narrow ✓ Renal artery Narrowing in stenosis renal artery 9 Prime First ✓Prim-gravida pregnant for the first time No Prefixes Meaning Examples 10 Brady Slow ✓Bradycardia Slow heart rate 11 Tachy Rapid ✓Tachycardia Rapid heart rate 12 Iso equal ✓ Isosteric have the same dimensions 13 Aniso unequal ✓anisotropic Do not have same properties in all directions 14 Syn Fusion ✓Syndactyl Fusion of fingers 15 Necr Death ✓Necrosis Cell death 16 Neo New ✓ Neonate Newborn 17 Auto Self ✓ Auto-immune disease