Lecture 13 Trends and Issues Affecting Nursing Practice PDF

Concept of Nursing (NUR 104) Lecture 13 College of Nursing, PNU 1 Objectives: Review personal/ societal challenges in nursing anticipated during the next decade. Describe major challenges for the nursing profession. Explain trends in nursing education needed to meet s...

Concept of Nursing (NUR 104) Lecture 13 College of Nursing, PNU 1 Objectives: Review personal/ societal challenges in nursing anticipated during the next decade. Describe major challenges for the nursing profession. Explain trends in nursing education needed to meet society’s future nursing needs. Describe four major components/ beliefs of the American Nurses Association for the future of nursing’s agenda. College of Nursing, PNU 2  With the aim of providing quality and safe care to people, families and community, nurses face many personal, educational, and practical challenges. The nursing profession has progressed through a series of changes that have influenced the development of nursing education, research, and practice. College of Nursing, PNU 3 Personal challenges (caring for yourself): Self-care: is the ability to engage in healthy, meaningful relationships with others, listen to one’s own body, and recognize and intervene when noticing signs of exhaustion. (The American Nurses Association) Nurses find it hard to engage in self-care activities because of: Poor organization support Lack of time Poor work/life balance A difficult workload Limited or no access to stress reduction activities Numerous daily scheduled meetings Frequent emergencies that needed immediate attention Feelings of guilt due to understaffing College of Nursing, PNU 4 Consequences of poor self-care: o Mental health Frustration, irritability, anxiety/fear, confusion, poor concentration, helplessness, hopelessness, depression, low morale, fatigue, guilt, etc. o Physical health Stress-related illness (hypertension, ulcers, acid reflux/heartburn, skin rash, etc.) o Relationships (personal and professional) conflict, tension, misunderstanding, anger, emotional or physical abuse. o Increased absenteeism, diminished productivity, team conflict, turnover. College of Nursing, PNU 5 Social challenges (caring for your community): A- Demographics: Is the science that studies vital statistics and social trends. It examines vital statistics such as ( birth rates, morbidity rates (illness), and mortality rates. Four demographic trends are important to the future of nursing: 1. Aging population 2. Poverty 3. Cultural diversity 4. Urbanization College of Nursing, PNU 6 1. Aging Population: This is an issue and challenge older people face in today's world especially since there are more than 600 million people aged over 60 (2012), and this number is expected to rise to 2 billion in 50 years. ( MOH, 2023) Aging is a natural biological process that can not be stopped or prevented; however, it can be slowed down and some bodily weaknesses can be delayed. Aging is not a disease, and with simple care and attention, many problems and accidents can be avoided. Two-thirds of the accidents suffered by older people occur in their own homes, such as falling on the ground or down the stairs, which causes fractures in the arms or legs. Such accidents are one of the main causes of disability among the elderly. Some types of disabilities could be treated in a way that limits dangerous accidents. College of Nursing, PNU 7 2 Poverty: Working poor: they can not afford to meet their family’s basic needs. Medically indigent people who don’t qualify for Medicaid but cannot pay for health care. Those put off seeking care until the illness is advanced. Disenfranchised people who have no power in the political system & limited access to healthcare. Governments with limited resources must look at more strategies for health care for these vulnerable populations College of Nursing, PNU 8 3- Cultural diversity: People from different racial, ethnic, religious, social, & geographic backgrounds Homogeneous: similar cultural beliefs and practices. Heterogeneous: cultural mix Nurses need to take cultural beliefs, values, and practices into consideration when planning and implementing nursing care. 4 Urbanization: This means people moving from rural areas to cities. Decaying inner cities with large populations of poor people create major social problems. Homelessness, drugs, gangs, single-parent households, mental illness, violence, and crime. College of Nursing, PNU 9 Social challenges (caring for your community): B- Environment: gradual deterioration of the world’s air, water, and plant and animal life. Acute and chronic respiratory diseases, debilitating allergic reactions, and cancers are increasing. Epidemiologists study the origin/spread of disease and believe that environmental decline increases the incidence of certain diseases. College of Nursing, PNU 10 Social challenges (caring for your community): C- Disasters and bioterrorism: Disasters: an event or situation that is of greater magnitude than an emergency disaster; can be natural or man-made. Bioterrorism: refers to the use of biological or chemical agents as a weapon. D- Unhealthy lifestyles: obesity, tobacco use, lack of exercise, eating disorders, stress, HIV/AIDs and drug use E- Healthcare reform: Nursing is expected to benefit from healthcare reform efforts by expanding roles in prevention, healthcare community-based nursing, and advanced practice, among others. One cost-effective method of providing basic health care to children is through school nurses. College of Nursing, PNU 11 Challenges in nursing practice (caring for your profession) A. Autonomy and accountability: As more and more nursing care is provided in community settings, autonomy and accountability will become increasingly important. Nurses who function independently in homes and other community-based practice settings need additional education and experience. B. Differentiated Practice Levels: ADN/BSN, MSc: Nurses with different degrees should have different, well-defined roles and possibly different levels of licensure. Credential for entry into the nursing profession and educational standards are rising. The competencies of nurses at each level could be demonstrated and nurses at each level could be held accountable for practice standards at the level. College of Nursing, PNU 12 Challenges in nursing practice (caring for your profession) C. Health care reform: Future cost-containment measures will require nurses to demonstrate the cost- effectiveness of the care provided. Nurses will work with assistive personnel such as patient care technicians and will delegate tasks to deliver patient care. D. Practice in community settings: Nurse-managed clinics serve inner city/rural areas; school nurses are needed in large numbers as well as hospice nurses and those specializing in gerontology and chronic illnesses. Community-based primary care will continue to expand as cost-effectiveness remains a high priority. For nurses who are working outside traditional settings and their comfort zone, no end available opportunities, and flexible scheduling. College of Nursing, PNU 13 Challenges in nursing practice (caring for your profession) E. Technology and nursing informatics: Areas expected to affect nursing profession are: 1. Nursing informatics Computerized health information networks will allow immediate access to all patient data needed to refine the plan of care. 2. Telecommunication Nurses and physicians will treat and examine patients who are hundreds of miles away using two-way TV systems. They will evaluate and prescribe treatments via telephone. 3. Genetic engineering & genomic revolution Genetic engineering has completed the initial mapping which made it potentially possible to treat and prevent many more genetically transmitted and genetically predisposed diseases. Designer medicines are drugs tailor-made to treat patients based on their genetic makeup. Genomic nursing programs prepare nurses for family history assessment, screening, and case coordination for gene-based therapy. College of Nursing, PNU 14 Challenges in nursing practice (caring for your profession) F. Cultural competence: Nurses of the future must recognize that cultural sensitivity begins with one’s fellow healthcare providers. If relationships within the team are strained by insensitivity and prejudice, patient care can not be culturally sensitive. Complementary therapies include techniques that are used along with standard medical care. Alternative therapies are used in place of standard care and in this case, persons take responsibility for their own health. G. Marinating a healthy work environment: Nurses of the future must take positive, effective, united action to ensure the basic dignity and safety of practicing nurses everywhere. Maintaining a healthy work environment: needle sticks, latex allergy, shift work, risk of violence in workplace, blood-borne diseases, back injuries. College of Nursing, PNU 15 Challenges in nursing education (caring for your education) A. Outcome-based Education: student competency and evidence-based education are required to maintain accreditation. Measure patients’ outcomes, and adopt evidence-based practice, nursing education will be challenged to develop student outcomes and adopt evidence-based education. Modify old teaching strategies and adopt new teaching methods ( critical thinking, independent decision-making, creative problem-solving, role-playing, simulations, and group problem-solving. B. Diversity: students reflect demographics; culturally competent education; distance learning increases access. Foreign language requirement for BSN Culturally competent care as an outcome criterion for graduates. College of Nursing, PNU 16 Challenges in nursing education (caring for your education) C. Technology & Nursing Informatics’ Impact Computer competence Internet utilization Lifelong learning a requirement D. Collaboration: Nursing faculty, nurse managers, and practicing nurses will join forces to strengthen educational experiences and provide mentorships for tomorrow’s nurses. They will collaborate on clinical research that demonstrates the effectiveness of nursing care in terms of patient outcomes. E. Reforms in Health Care & Higher Education: Graduate education is producing practitioners to meet consumer demands Curricula are standardized & streamlined to reduce cost and confusion and improve student mobility. Nurses will need to be well versed in the costs, budgeting, and finance of healthcare College of Nursing, PNU 17 Challenges to the entire nursing profession The nursing agenda for the future promotes and expands on four basic beliefs (ANA,2008) : ❖That healthcare is a basic human right and that universal access to a standard package of essential healthcare services should be provided to all citizens and residents. ❖The development and implementation of health policies should aim for safe, effective, patient-centered, timely efficient based on the outcome of research. ❖The healthcare system must turn away from the overuse of expensive, technology- driven, acute, hospital-based services to a more balanced one with an emphasis on community-based and preventive service. ❖That a single-payer system is the most desirable option for financing a reformed health care system. College of Nursing, PNU 18 References: Black, B, (2017). Professional Nursing: Concept & Challenges. 8th edition. USA: Saunders Publishing. The Ministry of Health: retrieved from https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/awarenessplateform/ElderlysHealth/Pages/ElderlyCare.as px College of Nursing, PNU 19  Prepared by Miss. Hadil Ahmad Al Miglati Miss. Ohoud Ali Al Howaish Dr. Waad Hassan Ali Dr. Shorok Hamed Alahmedi College of Nursing, PNU 20