Bloodstain Pattern Analysis PDF

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis LEC14 – Monday November 4th FRSC2030H Foundations in Forensic Science  Test II Monday November 11th Course Update Cumulative since Test I LAB04 Forensic Entomology Post Lab...

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis LEC14 – Monday November 4th FRSC2030H Foundations in Forensic Science  Test II Monday November 11th Course Update Cumulative since Test I LAB04 Forensic Entomology Post Lab Blood A-B-O typing Karl Landsteiner in 1901 Rh factor 1937 Won Nobel Prize Over 100 other blood factors identified “individualizing” at the time Replaced by DNA in 1990s Blood Cells, enzymes, proteins, and inorganic substances Plasma ~55% Mostly water Solids ~45% Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets Blood clots form Serum left behind Transport oxygen from lungs to body tissues Remove carbon dioxide from tissues Blood Antigens Proteins that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it A-B-O system Rh system Serum Contains antibodies They inactivate specific antigens Anti-A, anti-B, anti-D Agglutination Clumping together of RBCs because of antibodies Immunoassay Techniques Antigen-antibody techniques Drugs in blood & urine Produced in animals Drug-protein complex into host Antibodies created and isolated Test for: opiates, cannabinoids, amphetamines, phencyclidine, barbiturates, methadone, and others Many industries test their employees Colour Test Kastle-Meyer color test Hemoglobin ≅ peroxidases Colour reaction Luminol and Bluestar Causes luminescence (light) Bluestar Detect diluted blood 100,000 times SWGSTAIN Scientific Working Group on Bloodstain Pattern Analysis March 2002 FBI Academy at Quantico Terminology, quality assurance, ethics, education, etc. IABPA – Internation Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts Originally established in 1983 Transfer Stain A bloodstain resulting from contact between a blood-bearing surface and another surface Swipe A bloodstain pattern resulting from the transfer of blood from a blood-bearing surface onto another surface, with characteristics that indicate relative motion between the two surfaces Altered stain A bloodstain with characteristics that indicate a physical change has occurred Wipe An altered bloodstain pattern resulting from an object moving through a preexisting wet bloodstain Perimeter Stain An altered stain that consists of the peripheral characteristics of the original stain Cast-off A bloodstain pattern resulting from blood drops released from an object due to its motion Drip Pattern A bloodstain pattern resulting from a liquid that dripped into another liquid, at least one of which was blood Drip Stain A bloodstain resulting from a falling drop that formed due to gravity Drip Trail A bloodstain pattern resulting from the movement of a source of drip stains between two points Flow Pattern A bloodstain pattern resulting from the movement of a volume of blood on a surface due to gravity or movement of the target Expiration Pattern A bloodstain pattern resulting from blood forced by airflow out of the nose, mouth, or a wound Bubble Ring An outline within a bloodstain resulting from air in the blood Pool A bloodstain resulting from an accumulation of liquid blood on a surface Projected Pattern A bloodstain pattern resulting from the ejection of a volume of blood under pressure Impact A bloodstain pattern resulting from an object striking liquid blood Angle of impact The acute angle (alpha), relative to the plane of a target, at which a blood drop strikes the target Directional Angle The angle (gamma) between the long axis of a spatter staintarget and a defined reference line on the target. Area of Convergence The area containing the intersections generated by lines drawn through the long axes of individual stains that indicates in two dimensions the location of the blood source Area of Origin The three-dimensional location from which spatter originated. Void An altered bloodstain pattern resulting from an object moving through a preexisting wet bloodstain Other Stains Satellite Stain A smaller bloodstain that originated during the formation of the parent stain as a result of blood impacting a surface Saturation Stain A bloodstain resulting from the accumulation of liquid blood in an absorbent material Serum Stain The stain resulting from the liquid portion of blood (serum) that separates during coagulation Spatter Stain A bloodstain resulting from a blood drop dispersed through the air due to an external force applied to a source of liquid blood Splash Pattern A bloodstain pattern resulting from a volume of liquid blood that falls or spills onto a surface Contextual Information Bloodstains deposited on surfaces gives context to events On top of Near ground Below counter edge Complex Patterns