MNG202: Environmental Impacts of Projects Lecture Notes PDF

HIGHER TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE - 10th of Ramadan City CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT MNG202: Environmental Impacts of Projects Chemical Engineering Department Course Coordinator: Ass.Dr.Soad Abd El.aziz El. Metwally Teaching staff: Dr. Nora Yehia...

HIGHER TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE - 10th of Ramadan City CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT MNG202: Environmental Impacts of Projects Chemical Engineering Department Course Coordinator: Ass.Dr.Soad Abd El.aziz El. Metwally Teaching staff: Dr. Nora Yehia Oct/Jan 2024/2025  What is Emission?  Technically, an emission is anything that's been released out into the open. But more often it refers to pollution (including noise, heat, and radiation) discharged into the atmosphere by residential, commercial, and industrial facilities.  Pollution discharged into water is called effluent. Emissions Measurement  Emissions measurement is the process of measuring the amount of pollutants, in a gaseous or particulate form, being emitted into the air from a specific source, such as an industrial process.  Used to understand the relative importance of a given source compared to other sources and in developing emissions inventories. Role of Environmental Impact Assessment  Precautionary plan to assess responses to future environmental problems.  A strategy for follow-up of air quality management consists of plans and policies on how to implement future clean air implementation plans. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)  EIA can be defined as the study to predict the effect of a proposed activity/project on the environment.  Compares various alternatives for a project and seeks to identify the one that represents the best combination of economic and environmental costs and benefits.  It enables the integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development.  Prevent future liabilities or expensive alterations in project design. Three Core Values of EIA  Integrity: the EIA process should be fair, objective, unbiased, and balanced.  Utility: the EIA process should provide balanced, credible information for decision-making.  Sustainability: the EIA process should result in environmental safeguard. Benefits of Environmental Assessment  Protection of Environment  Optimum utilization of resources  Saves overall time and cost of the project  Promotes community participation  Informs decision makers  Lays base for environmentally sound projects. EIA Process The process involves a number of steps 1. Preliminary Activities and Decision of Terms of Reference ( TOR ) 2. Scoping 3. Baseline Study 4. Environmental Impact Evaluation 5. Mitigation Measures 6. Assessment of Alternative Measures 7. Preparation of Final Document 8. Decision-making 9. Monitoring of Project Implementation and Its Environmental Impacts  Description of EIA Steps  Preliminary Activities and Decision of Terms of Reference ( TOR ) defining of the Terms of Reference ( TOR ) for the project and also the determining of the personnel required for the assessment. A summary of the project is extremely helpful at this stage.  Scoping seeks to identify at an early stage, the impacts of the project on the environment are identified. When the list of the impacts is very large, only the most significant impacts are selected. Scoping controls the cost and time of the assessment in deciding the scope of the EIA and therefore is a very important step both in identifying the impacts and controlling the size of the EIA  A baseline study is the study of the original status of the environment in the area before the development work of the project is started. Baseline studies are based on the experience with respect to environmental aspects and cover everything important about the environmental impacts of the project.  Environmental impact evaluation actually grows out of scoping and baseline study of the project. This step is generally considered as the most technical in nature and therefore is the most difficult part of the EIA. It is difficult because not every impact, especially natural and social impacts, can be quantified.  Mitigation measures are taken after the impact evaluation. These measures are taken to reduce the magnitude or intensity of the impacts affecting the environment. mitigate the impacts to make the project both economically and environmentally viable  Assessment of alternative measures The proposed project and all other relevant versions have been examined for environmental impacts now. They have also been corrected by applying mitigation measures to minimize the adverse effects on the environment. The next step is to assess the environmental degradation and improvement in terms of economic losses and gains.  For instance, it is more desirable to put up with limited pollution at a lower cost of mitigation than to remove the pollution completely at a much higher cost. ▪ Preparation of the final document should meet the following two objectives. The first is to prepare a complete and detailed account of the EIA. The second is to prepare a brief summarized account for a decision-maker, who may not be a technical person.  The detailed document is usually called the reference document. This document is used by the technical personnel that is associated with the project  The summarized non-technical account is usually called the working document, which is written clearly without using technical language to communicate to the decision-maker the findings of the EIA team.  Decision-making on the project Usually the decision is taken by a manager, or a committee, or personnel from the concerned ministry who had not been associated with the EIA during its preparation. a decision-maker has three choices: ❑ Accepting one of the project alternatives ❑ Returning the EIA with a request for further study in certain specific areas ❑ Totally rejecting the proposed project along with alternative versions.  Monitoring of project implementation and its environmental impacts is usually carried out while the selected project is under actual implementation. The monitoring is the process of inspection to make sure that the proper guidelines and recommendations stated in the EIA are faithfully followed. Such inspections may also be carried out after the completion of the project to determine as to what accuracy the environmental impacts have been predicted by the EIA. Questions  Identify sources of emissions?  What are the impacts of greenhouse gas on the environment?  Define the emission measurements and its importance?  Explain the EIA and the aim of EIA process ?  What are the cores of EIA?  The EIA process has a several benefits, explain ?  What are the steps of EIA?  Who are the decision makers? and they have three choices, mention it?  Explain reference document and working document?