LEA 4 1st Sem Module PDF

**[CHAPTER 1]** I. **[TOPIC/COVERAGE]** - - - - - - - - - II. **[LEARNING OUTCOMES]** 1. Understand the different kinds of police operations. 2. Know the duties and responsibilities of the police officers in the conduct of police operations. 3. Demonstrate the proper conduct of each police operation. 4. Determine whether the police operation was conducted legally or not. 5. Appreciate the importance of properly conducting police operations. III. **DISCUSSIONS** **[Chapter 1: Police Operation]** **[Police Operations] -** are defined as the job duties, responsibilities, and activities that law enforcement agents complete in the field. In this lesson, we\'ll explore different aspects of police operations, such as communication, patrolling, specialized police operations, and diversity challenges. **[Operational Planning]** - is the use of rational design or pattern for all departmental undertaking rather than relying on change in an operational environment. It is the preparation and development of procedures and techniques in accomplishing of each of the primary tasks and functions of an organization. **Categories of Police Operation** 1\. [Public Safety Operation] - Retrieval Operations, Fire Drills, Earthquake Drills, and similar operations that promote public safety. 2\. [Law Enforcement Operation] -includes Service of Warrant of Arrest, Implementation of Search Warrant, Enforcement of Visitorial Powers of the Chief, Philippine National Police and Unit Commanders, Anti-Illegal Drugs Operation, Anti-Illegal Gambling Operations, Anti-Illegal Logging Operations, Anti-Illegal Fishing Operations, Anti-Carnapping Operations, Anti-Kidnapping Operations, Anti-Cyber Crime Operations, and similar operations that are conducted to enforce laws, statutes, executive orders, and ordinances. 3\. [Internal Security Operation] - includes Counter-Insurgency Operations, Counter Terrorist Operations, and similar operations that are conducted to ensure internal security. 4\. [Special Police Operation] - includes Checkpoint Operation, Roadblock Operation, Civil Disturbance Management Operation, Police Assistance in the Enforcement of Demolition Eviction Injunction and Similar Orders, Police Assistance in the Implementation of Final Court Order and Order from Quasi-Judicial Bodies, Hostage Situation, Visit Board Search and Seizure Onboard Marine Vessels and similar 5\. [Intelligence Operation] - includes Surveillance Operation, Counterintelligence, Intelligence Research, Intelligence Assessment, and similar police intelligence operation conducted to gather information related to security, public safety, and order. 6\. [Investigation Operation] -- includes Investigation of Crime or Incident, Administrative Investigation, and similar investigative work necessary to determine facts and circumstances for filing cases criminally or administratively. 7\. [Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO)]-includes the processing of the crime scene, technical and forensic examination of evidence and similar scientific investigative assistance. **[Operational Procedures]** **[Pre-Operational Clearance]** No police operation shall be conducted without the approval of the Chief/Commander/Head of the concerned Police Unit/Office. A pre-operational clearance shall be filed by the Team Leader of the operating team/s before the conduct of the operation and shall be approved by the concerned Police Unit Commander. This clearance shall be submitted to the operations section/division of the concerned police unit for record purposes. **[Inter-Unit Coordination]** **1. Personal Coordination or by Official Representative** Team Leader/s (TL) of local police units operating outside their territorial jurisdiction and National Support Units (NSUs) shall coordinate, personally or through an official representative, with the Police Regional, Provincial, or City Police Office within whose jurisdiction the operation is to be conducted. **2. Coordination by Filing the Coordination Form** Prior to the launching of the operation, except in cases where formal(in writing), inter-unit coordination cannot be made due to the nature and/or urgency of the situation such as, but not limited to, cross-jurisdictional pursuit operations, coordination should be made formally using the prescribed Coordination Form, which shall be filed with the concerned operation center of the Police Regional, Provincial or City Office (Annex "A\"-Coordination Form). **3. Coordination by Practical/Available Means of Communication** In cases where formal inter-unit coordination is not feasible, the Police Unit concerned shall endeavor to communicate at any time during the operation and to notify the territorial police office through any practical/available means of communication at any time during the operation and, if not possible, shall accomplish and furnish the territorial Police Office a written incident report immediately after the termination of the operation. **[Requirements of Police Operations]** **1. Basic Requirements** a\. With marked police vehicle; b\. Led by a Police Commissioned Officer (PCO); and c\. With personnel in prescribed police uniform or attire. **2. Use of Megaphones and Similar Instruments** **3. Warning Shots Prohibited** **[Use of Force During Police Operations]** **1.Use of Excessive Force Prohibited** The excessive use of force during police operations is prohibited. However, in the lawful performance of duty, a police officer may use necessary force to accomplish his mandated tasks of enforcing the law and maintaining peace and order. **2. Issuance of Verbal Warning** The police officer must first issue a verbal warning before he could use force against an offender. As far as practicable, the verbal warning shall be in the dialect that is known to the offender or in the national language. Basically, the verbal warning shall consist of the following: the police officer identifying himself; his intention; and what he wants the offender to do. If the offender is a foreigner, the verbal warning shall be done in the English language followed by a demonstrative act of the police officer\'s intent. The verbal warning shall be done in a loud and clear manner. **3. Non-Issuance of Verbal Warning When Excusable** The failure to issue a verbal warning is excusable in cases where the threat to life or property is already imminent, and there is no other option but to use force to subdue the offender. **4. Use of Non-Lethal Weapon** When the suspect is violent or threatening, and that less physical measures have been tried and deemed inappropriate, a more extreme, but non-deadly measure can be used such as a baton/truncheon, pepper spray, stun gun, and other nonlethal weapon to bring the suspect under control or effect an arrest. **5. Application of Necessary and Reasonable Force** During a confrontation with an armed offender, only such necessary and reasonable force should be applied as would be sufficient to overcome the resistance put up by the offender; subdue the clear and imminent danger posed by him; or justify the force/act under the principles of self-defense, defense of relative, or defense of stranger. **6. Factors to Consider in the Reasonableness of the Force Employed** A police officer, however, is not required to afford the offender/s attacking him the opportunity for a fair or equal struggle. The reasonableness of the force employed will depend upon the number of aggressors, nature, and characteristic of the weapon used, physical condition, size, and other circumstances including the place and occasion of the assault. The police officer is given the sound discretion to consider these factors in employing reasonable force. **7. Responsibility of the Police Officer in Charge of the Operation** The officer who is in charge of the operation shall at all times, exercise control over all police personnel in the area of operation and shall exhaust all possible means to apply the necessary and reasonable force to protect lives and properties during armed confrontation. **[Use of Firearm During Police Operations]** **1. Use of Firearm When Justified** The use of a firearm is justified if the offender poses an imminent danger of causing death or injury to the police officer or other persons. The use of a firearm is also justified under the doctrines of self-defense, defense of a relative, and defense of a stranger. However, one who resorts to self. the defense must face a real threat to his life, and the peril sought to be avoided must be actual, imminent, and real Unlawful aggression should be present for self-defense to be considered as a justifying circumstance. **2. Firing at Moving Vehicles Prohibited But with Exceptions** A moving vehicle shall not be fired upon except when its occupants pose an imminent danger of causing death or injury to the police officer or any other person, and the use of a firearm does not create a danger to the public and outweigh the likely benefits of its non-use. **3. Parameters to be Considered in Firing at Moving Vehicles** In firing at a moving vehicle, the following parameters should be considered: a\. The intent of the suspect/s to harm the police officer or other persons; b\. The capability of the suspect/s to harm with certainty the police officer or other persons; and c\. accessibility or the proximity of the suspect/s from the police officer and other persons. **4. Filing of an Incident Report after the Use of a Firearm** A police officer who fires his service firearm or weapon during a confrontation with an offender or offenders must submit an incident report outlining the circumstances necessitating the use of his firearm. **5. Procedures After an Armed Confrontation Immediately after an armed confrontation**, the officer who is in charge of the operation shall: a\. Secure the site of confrontation; b\. Take photographs; c\. Check whether the situation still poses imminent danger; d\. Evacuate the wounded to the nearest hospital. e\. Ensure that all persons who died on the spot are not moved from their original position. f\. Arrested suspects should be kept in isolation; g\. Conduct debriefing on all involved PNP operatives; h\. Submit After-Operations Report; and i\. Ensure psychological stress counseling for all involved PNP operatives **[Patrol Procedures]** **[Patrol Guidelines]** 1. Observe precautionary measures and personal safety while on patrol; 2. Observe defensive driving and follow traffic rules and regulations; 3. Select routes which provide the best visibility; 4. Patrol members must be always on the look-out for indications of vices and other illegal activities on their beat; 5. Patrol members must be knowledgeable of all conditions, events, and details of places on their beat; 6. Be observant of people, places, situations, or conditions and develop a suspicious attitude especially if the subject appears to be slightly out of the ordinary; 7. Keep under close observation the actions of juveniles, troublemakers/agitators, and mentally ill/retarded persons; 8. Be familiar, as much as possible, with known criminals/ex-convicts residing in or frequenting the patrol beat; 9. Be familiar with stay-in employees of business establishments on your beat; 10. Be on the alert for loiterers; 11. Keep watch on uninhabited homes; 12. Observe the practice of \"shaking doors\" of unguarded business establishments during a night patrol. Check for signs of intrusion; 13. Establish good rapport with the people on your beat; 14. Develop contacts by getting to know as many people as possible who can give factual information about crime conditions on the patrol beat; 15. Use tact and persuasiveness when conducting spot inquiry or questioning individuals for information; 16. When requiring identification from a suspicious person or any individual, avoid taking the wallet or bag in which the cards/documents are placed. Let the individual remove and hand them to you; 17. When checking suspicious persons, places, buildings/ establishments, and vehicles, especially during nighttime, be prepared to use your service firearm. The flashlight should be held tightly away from the body to avoid making you a possible target; and 18. Patrol members should avoid loitering in theaters, restaurants, and other recreational places. **[Duties of Patrol Supervisors]** 1. In any operation, careful planning is a must in order to avoid waste of time, effort, and resources. Make a patrol plan with the following details: 2. Designate and select the members of the patrol team/s; 3. Inspect the members of the patrol for completeness of uniforms, operational readiness, and all government-issued equipment (firearms, mobile car, radio, etc.) to ensure that these are well-maintained and properly used by the Patrol Officer; 4. Conduct briefing prior to dispatch by disseminating any orders, directives, or instructions from the Chief of Police or higher authorities and new policies or guidelines being implemented by the PNP Organization; 5. Remind the patrol team about the strict observance of the PNP Operational Procedures; 6. Strictly observe the \"Buddy System" during patrol operations; 7. Render hourly reports of location and situation through radio/ telephone/cell phone to Police Community Precinct (PCP)/ Station Headquarters Tactical Operation Center (TOC); 8. Render after-patrol report duly signed by detailed personnel. PCP Commanders shall collate and submit significant details to the Station Patrol Supervisor, who in turn, will submit the same to the Provincial/District Patrol Supervisor; and 9. Conduct debriefing after the patrol to assess its conduct and make necessary corrective measures on the defect noted. **[Duties of a Patrol Officer]** 1. Attend the Roll Call Formation before the Tour of Duty for briefing and likewise attend the after Tour of Duty formation for debriefing; 2. Patrol the assigned beats, observe and check suspicious people, structures/buildings, compounds, and vehicles; 3. Observe and monitor public gatherings, prevent disorders, and disperse unlawful gatherings; 4. Inspect and/or conduct surveillance in establishments and other installations and various businesses for public safety; remove hazards 5. Check suspicious vehicles (private, public, or commercial delivery vehicles) along the main roads/ highways in the course of their patrol; 6. Report occurrences and conditions which relate to crime, public peace, order, and safety; 7. Prevent crimes and arrest sighted law violators, assuring the public that peace is preserved; 8. Conduct regular visitations, dialogues/consultations with the residents and other stakeholders; 9. Assist personnel of responsible agencies/units in facilitating the flow of traffic at busy intersections/roads within his Area of Responsibility (AOR), assist and provide pedestrian information such as directions and street locations; 10. Enforce city/municipal ordinances on liquor establishments and night clubs, cabarets, and all houses of ill-repute; 11. Respond to calls, entertain complaints, initiate the investigation and protection of the scene, and minimize the after-effects of accidents, fires, and other catastrophes; 12. Patrol Officers shall wear the prescribed patrol uniform; and 13. Patrol Officers must have the equipment necessary for the performance of their duty. **[Guidelines and Procedures when Responding to Calls for Police Assistance]** 1. Gather and note down in the patrol officer\'s logbook all available data as to the nature of the calls, date, time, and name of the caller. It may be regular, urgent, or emergency in nature. 2. The manner of approach will be dependent on the nature of the call, either with haste/secrecy or with/without flashing lights and sirens. 3. Consider the pertinent factors like the time, traffic conditions, the possibility of greater damage, and the neighborhood characteristics. 4. Stop the patrol car some distance from the scene. Approach the scene on foot, in complete silence, and exercising extreme caution. 5. Immediately attend to the injured, unless the other members of the patrol are in immediate danger. 6. Focus all efforts to arrest criminals; however, priority shall be given to aiding the injured. 7. Determine the crime committed, identify and question briefly the victim/complainant and possible witnesses at the scene. 8. If the suspects or criminals have fled the scene before the arrival of the patrol team, immediately relay the composition, armament, appearance, and mode and direction of escape of the suspects to the Operations Center for the conduct of dragnet operations. 9. When responding to street fights/brawls, the patrol member should call for back-up before intervening. If there are no injuries and insufficient corroborative statements are obtained to identify who started the fight, disperse the crowd and make complete notes. 10. Never treat calls or complaints of loud noises caused by barking dogs, drunks, appliances, and parties as negligible or a nuisance. They only need courteous and tactful intervention and not enforcement actions. 11. When responding to calls for police assistance due to planted or found explosives, never attempt to handle, move or lift the object. Instead contact Operations Center and request for Explosive Ordnance Disposal Team (EODT). On-lookers must be promptly led to a safe distance away from the scene. 12. When responding to calls from owners of beer houses, bars or inns, or any other similar establishments during nighttime, request the owner to put the lights on first before entering the establishments. 13. Do not attempt to arbitrate and resolve conflicts/differences between neighbors, landlords/tenants, husband and wife. **[Spot Checks/Accosting and Pat-Down Searches]** **[Grounds for Spot Check/Search]** 1\. [Spot Check/Accosting] -- The police officer may stop an individual for the purpose of conducting a spot check accosting only when reasonable suspicion exists. Reasonable suspicion must be more than just a hunch or feeling. In justifying the stop, the police officer must be able to point to specific facts that, when taken together with rational inferences, reasonably warrant the stop. Such facts include, but are not limited to, the following: 2\. [Body Frisk/Pat-Down Search] - A police officer has the right to perform a pat-down search if the individual has been legitimately stopped with reasonable suspicion and when the police officer has reason to believe that the individual possesses weapon/s on his person and poses a threat to the police officer\'s or another person\'s safety. Circumstances which may justify pat-down search: **[Procedures and Guidelines]** 1\. [Spot Check/Accosting] 2\. [Body Frisk/Pat-Down Search] - When reasonable suspicion justifies a pat-down search, the search should be performed with due caution, restraint, and sensitivity. Pat-down searches should be conducted in the following manner: **[Reporting after the Spot check/Accosting or Pat-Down Search]** If after conducting a spot/accosting or pat-down search, the police officer has no basis for making an arrest, he should record the facts of such spot check/accosting or pat-down search and forward a report to the appropriate authority. If the s check/accosting or pat-down search gives a justification for a valid warrantless arrest, then an arrest shall be made. [**ACTIVITY 1:**] Answer based on what you have understood by reading the Week 1 topics. Do not copy ideas from each other, and do not copy-paste your answers from the resources. Identify the different ideas between the different **categories of police operation**. Discuss and provide example events or phenomenon that each categories are utilized. 1. Public Safety Operation 2. Law Enforcement Operation 3. Internal Security Operation 4. Special Police Operation 5. Intelligence Operation 6. Investigation Operation 7. Scene of the Crime Operation **[ASSIGNMENT 1:]** 1. Based on your understanding, what is Police Operation? 2. Define the importance of Inter Unit Coordination when it comes to Police Operations. 3. Why is it that using excessive force during the conduct of police operations is prohibited? IV. **ASSESSMENT/ REFLECTIVE THINKING:** V. **AGREEMENT: Students are required to prepare a piece of paper. During the ongoing quiz, students are advised to mind their papers and focus on answering the questions provided.** VI. **REFERENCES:** - Law Enforcement Operations and Planning with Crime Mapping by Fernando B. Padduyao, PhD. 2020. - Law Enforcement (Police) Operations and Planning with Crime Mapping by Police Colonel Adelene M. Florendo, 2022 - Law Enforcement Organization and Administration by Rodolfo V. Castillo Jr., PhD. And Antonio D. Flores Jr., PhD. 1st edition 2022 **[CHAPTER 2]** I. **[TOPIC/COVERAGE]** - - - - Search and Seizure II. **[LEARNING OUTCOMES]** 1. Understand checkpoints as one of the police operations. 2. Know the guidelines for conducting a checkpoint. 3. Demonstrate the proper guidelines for conducting checkpoints. 4. Determine the difference between a warrant of arrest and a Search warrant. 5. Appreciate the importance of Internal Security Operations. III. **DISCUSSION** **[Checkpoints]** **[Authority to Establish Checkpoints]** A checkpoint is a place where the police check vehicular/ pedestrian traffic in order to enforce circulation control measures and other laws, orders, and regulations. The establishment of checkpoints must always be authorized by the Head of Office of the territorial PNP Unit and manned by uniformed PNP personnel. Other units directly involved in an operation may establish mobile checkpoints in coordination with the Unit Commander in the area. **[Composition]** In the conduct of the checkpoint, the checkpoint team shall be composed of, but not limited to, the following: 1. [Team Leader (TL)] - shall lead and take responsibility in the conduct of checkpoint preferably an officer with the rank of at least Police Lieutenant; 2. [Spotter]-PNP personnel who will point/profile suspected vehicle subject for checkpoint; 3. [Spokesperson]- TL or member who is in charge of communicating with the motorists subject to the checkpoint; 4. [Investigation Sub-team] - in charge of investigation and documentation of possible incidents in the checkpoint including the issuance of a Traffic Citation Ticket (TCT) or Traffic Violation Report(TVR); 5. [Search/Arresting Sub-Team] - designated to conduct search, seizure, and arrest, if necessary; 6. [Security Sub-Team] - tasked to provide security in the checkpoint area; and 7. [Blocking/Pursuing Sub -Team] - team tasked to block/pursue fleeing suspects/vehicles. **[Guidelines in the conduct of checkpoint]** 1. Mobile checkpoints are authorized only when established in conjunction with ongoing police operations. marked vehicles with blinkers turned on, if available, shall Officially be used in establishing mobile checkpoints. 2. Checkpoints are established to enforce circulation control measures, laws, orders, and regulations, and when there is a need to arrest a criminal or fugitive from justice. 3. The composition of the personnel manning the checkpoint shall be left to the sound discretion of the Team Leader(TL) with the consideration of a female PNP officer in the team especially when there is an anticipated female suspect. 4. The minimum Police Checkpoint team should at least be composed of an 8-man complement, with three verifiers, one spotter, one TL, one profiler, one rear security, and one advance security. 5. The Team manning checkpoints must have immediate contact with the LGUs, the Public Attorney\'s Office (PAO) or any member of the Philippine bar, and/or the media (for drug cases). 6. The Team should encourage the participation of, but not limited to, the Local Government Units (LGUs), Civil Society Groups, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), business organizations, other civic groups, media, and other stakeholders during the conduct of Police Checkpoint operations. 7. The participation of civilians and the presence of the media in the conduct of checkpoints must be confined only to observers to give police additional eyes and promote transparency of activities in the area. 8. All civic groups or organizations including the media, who are inclined to participate in police checkpoints, must be duly registered and accredited by the PNP for such purpose. The accreditation of the civilian groups to join in the conduct of checkpoint shall be administered by the Police Regional and Provincial Offices. 9. PNP personnel manning the checkpoint must have a presentable appearance, wearing the prescribed PNP uniform. Likewise, the civilian members must also be their organization\'s uniform with their names conspicuously displayed for identification. In no case shall the civilian components be allowed to bear firearms during the checkpoint. 10. In Metro Manila and other major cities, police officers manning the checkpoints should not wear Field Service Uniforms (FSU) or black fatigues in lieu of the PNP General Office Attire unless the conduct of checkpoint is a result of a Hot Pursuit Operation or a High-Risk Checkpoint. The use of mixed uniforms (GOA, FSU, black fatigue) in the conduct of checkpoints is strictly prohibited. 11. As much as possible, the area where the checkpoints shall be established must be properly lit, with noticeable signage bearing the name of the PNP unit and the participating organization/s visibly displayed on the checkpoint site, to prevent any apprehension from the public of the existence of the same. 12. Due courtesy must be accorded to the motorists, traders, and commuters during the conduct checkpoint. 13. The spokesperson must greet the people subject to inspection, extend an apology for the inconvenience, appeal for understanding, and state the reasons for the operation. Upon completion, thank the person/s searched. 14. Except in the actual commission of crime during checkpoints or in a hot pursuit operation, the conduct of inspection of vehicles during a routine checkpoint is limited to a visual search and therefore must be done with due respect to innocent passers-by, commuters, or bystanders and be conducted in a manner that is of least inconvenience to the public. Searches, seizures, and arrests made during checkpoints shall be within the ambit of the law. 15. Violations/Infractions of the law discovered during the checkpoint operation shall be expeditiously disposed of following legal procedures. Arrested persons must be apprised of their rights with respect to the Miranda Doctrine. 16. The security of the PNP personnel, and most especially that of the civilians participating in the checkpoint operation, must be given due consideration in the planning of the operation. 17. Only the security sub-team and blocking/pursuing sub-team members are allowed to display high-powered firearms to the Checkpoint team, including themselves. 18. Checkpoint personnel must not limit their task to law enforcement and crime deterrence. They should also be directions to inquiring motorists or passers-by. 19. The PNP operating units must provide their own logistical and financial requirements to avoid soliciting support from civilians for their personal or operational needs. 20. Police personnel assigned to the checkpoint shall not mulct, extort, or harass drivers, passengers, and traders. The designated TL assigned at the checkpoint shall be responsible for the actions and behavior of his personnel and shall be accountable under the doctrine of Command Responsibility, 21. Voluntary offers of cash or in kind from the traders/motorists passing the checkpoint should be absolutely refused because the offer might be misconstrued as a bribe. 22. The police and the civilian component must separately submit their After Checkpoint Operation Report to their respective units or organization for proper evaluation of the efficacy of the operation. **[Procedure in the Conduct of Regular Police Checkpoint]** 1. Unit Commanders should inform Higher Headquarters (HHQs) Tactical Operations Center (TOC) and coordinate with adjacent units, such as MPS, CPS, NSUs, Public Safety Company Forces, and other friendly forces, personally or through an official representative, before commencing with the checkpoint to avoid mis-encounter and any untoward incident; 2. The TL shall brief the PNP personnel, as well as the civilian components present, including the media regarding the proper conduct of the checkpoint and their assigned tasks prior to their deployment; 3. The TL shall initially account for the PNP personnel and check if they are in the prescribed uniform. PNP personnel conducting the checkpoint shall display their nameplates at all times. If wearing a jacket, the flap of the jacket bearing their names should also be displayed. Likewise, the equipment will include, but not be limited to, the following: a. Marked Patrol vehicles; b. Firearms with a basic load of ammunition; c. Handheld and vehicle base radios; d. Flashlights; e. Megaphone; f. Video camera; and g. Signage: Warning signs: (e.g., Slowdown Checkpoint Ahead, Checkpoint 20 Meters Ahead, etc); and Information signs:(Name of the Unit and TL). 4. The Spotter of the team will be pre-positioned in a place where he can best point/profile suspected vehicles prior to their approach to the checkpoint; 5. Search/Arresting Sub-Team shall flag down suspected vehicles and conduct search, seizure, and arrest, if necessary; 6. In the event of seized drugs, the team having initial custody and control of the drugs shall immediately conduct a physical inventory and photograph the same in the presence of the accused or the person/s from whom such items were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, a representative from the media and DOJ, any elected public official who shall be required to sign the copy of the inventory and be given a copy thereof; 7. Arrested persons and seized items shall be turned over to the investigation sub-team for documentation and proper disposition; 8. In the event that the checkpoint is ignored, and the occupants of the vehicle open fire on the personnel manning the checkpoint, reasonable force to overcome the suspects\' aggression may be employed; 9. Inform Higher Headquarters before terminating the conduct of the checkpoint 10. The TL shall conduct a debriefing of personnel after the termination of the Checkpoint; and 11. Unit Commander shall submit After-Activity Report to Higher Headquarters. **[Procedure in the Conduct of On-the-Spot (Hasty) Checkpoints ]** 1. PNP personnel conducting mobile patrols on board patrol vehicles will initially man the checkpoint, to be complemented by additional personnel upon arrival of reinforcement. A collapsible signage with markings: \"Stop, Police Checkpoint\" if available, indicating also the name of the concerned police office/unit conducting the operations, will be used for the purpose; 2. In the case of PNP personnel conducting Internal Security Operation (ISO) or foot patrol, where a vehicle and collapsible signage is not readily available, the checkpoint shall be manned initially by said personnel; 3. The team shall immediately inform Higher Headquarters of the exact location of the hasty Checkpoint to include personnel involved and available equipment; 4. In a hasty checkpoint, where there is a possibility of high-risk stop and high-risk arrest, and there is an urgency for troop deployment and public safety might be at risk, the participation of the civilian component and the presence of the media in the checkpoint operation shall not be allowed; 5. The Unit Commander of the personnel manning the hasty checkpoint shall immediately send additional personnel, equipment, and signage to the area in order to convert the Hasty Checkpoint into a Regular Checkpoint; and 6. As soon as the Hasty Checkpoint is converted into a Regular Checkpoint, TL shall follow the earlier stated procedures. **[General Procedure to be Followed When Checkpoints are Ignored ]** When checkpoints are ignored, the following shall be observed: 1. In the event that checkpoints/roadblocks are ignored and the motorists/suspects bump the roadblock in an attempt to elude arrest or avoid inspection, the TL shall immediately contact adjacent units to inform them of the situation so that these units can conduct dragnet operation or police defensive roadblock, while the members of the blocking/ pursuing team shall block or pursue the errant fleeing motorist; 2. Warning shots shall not be allowed due to the confusion it may create for the driver and passengers of the vehicle. Megaphones or police sirens shall be used instead during the pursuit. The plate number of the vehicle shall be noted and given to other units in adjacent areas to prevent the possibility that the vehicle may elude the pursuit operation; and 3. In the event that the occupants of the vehicle open fire on the personnel manning the checkpoint, reasonable force to overcome the suspects\' aggression may be employed. **[Procedure in Flagging Down or Accosting Vehicles While in Mobile Car]** This rule is a general concept and will not apply in hot pursuit operations. The mobile car crew shall undertake the following, when applicable: 1. Call Headquarters to provide information on the make or type and plate number of the motor vehicle to be accosted and, if possible, the identity of occupants; 2. State the reason(s) for the planned intervention of the suspected motor vehicle; 3. Give the mobile car\'s location and its direction before making actual intervention; 4. Try to get alongside the suspects\' vehicle and check the occupants without alarming them of your purpose. You can even overtake the vehicle and wait for it at an advantageous location before stopping the suspects\' vehicle; 5. Determine whether the suspects are hostile or not; 6. Make known to the suspect that you are after them through the use of a siren or megaphone; 7. Instruct the driver to pull over or stop on the side of the road; 8. Park behind the suspect\'s vehicle at an appropriate distance and cautiously approach the vehicle on the driver\'s side; 9. If the vehicle\'s windows are heavily tinted and the occupants cannot be seen, instruct the driver to open all windows to have a clear view of the interior of the vehicle; 10. Instruct the driver to turn off the ignition, if this was not done when the vehicle stopped; in the case of the motorcycle instruct the driver to remove the key and disembark; 11. The other members of the team must be on guard for any eventuality while the vehicle is being approached; 12. Talk to the driver in a courteous manner and inform him of the nature of his violation. Demand to see the driver\'s license, photocopies of the certificate of registration, and the official receipt. Examine these documents and counter-check the driver on the information reflected therein; 13. If it concerns traffic violations, immediately issue a Traffic Citation Ticket (TCT) or Traffic Violation Report (TVR). Never indulge in prolonged, unnecessary conversation or argument with the driver or any of the vehicle\'s occupants; 14. In case of other violations that require the impounding of the vehicle, inform the driver regarding this situation and instruct him to follow you, after issuing the TCT/TVR; and 15. Before moving out, inform Headquarters regarding the situation/status and disposition of the person and motor vehicle accosted. **[Dealing with Hostile Situation]** The following are the procedures to be followed in dealing with hostile drivers: 1\. [Stopping Vehicles] a. Follow the procedure stated in numbers 1-3 in the a. earlier paragraph; b. Immediately request for back-up; c. Follow the suspect and always keep him within visual range; d. Expect that the suspect will notice your action at any time. Be prepared for hot pursuit or actual hostile confrontation; e. If the back-up is already in the vicinity, inform e. Headquarters that you are proceeding to accost the suspect; f. Inform the suspects that you are after them through the use of a siren or megaphone and instruct the driver to pull over or stop on the side of the street; g. Park at an appropriate distance behind the suspect\'s vehicle; h. While the vehicle is being approached, the other members of the crew and back-up must be on guard for any eventuality. Overreactions or aggression on the part of the police should be avoided; i. If the vehicle\'s windows are heavily tinted and the occupants cannot be seen, instruct the driver to open all windows for a clear view of the vehicle\'s interior; j. Direct the driver and other occupants of the vehicle not to make unnecessary movements and to show their hands outside the car; k. Instruct the driver to turn off the ignition and toss the key to the ground. Demand to see the Driver\'s License and photocopies of the vehicle\'s certificate of registration and the official receipt. Examine the documents and counter-check the driver on the information reflected therein; and l. I. If there are other suspects aside from the driver, separate them from one another. **[Fleeing Vehicles]** a. The warning given, inform Headquarters or adjacent In the event that the motor vehicle did not stop despite units so that dragnet operations or police defensive roadblocks can be set-up; b. Inform Headquarters of the make or type, plate number, and color of the motor vehicle to be accosted including the number of occupants and, if possible, their identity; c. State the reason(s) for flagging down the suspected motor vehicle; d. Give the mobile car\'s location and its direction before making actual intervention; e. When the vehicle of the suspect is cornered or stopped, instruct the driver and other occupants in a clear and commanding voice to follow specifically what you will require of them. Failure on their part to follow will be construed as a hostile act on their part. Execute instructions on the use of reasonable force; f. Instruct the driver to turn off the ignition and toss the key to the ground, open the door and step out of the vehicle, then instruct him to place his hands on top of the vehicle, or to move towards you with his hands up; g. Instruct other occupants of the vehicle, if any, to come out one by one, and follow what the driver has been instructed to do earlier; h. Arrest, handcuff and search the suspects and bring them to Headquarters for proper disposition; and i. Before moving out, inform Headquarters about the situation, status, and disposition of the suspects and motor vehicle accosted. **[High-Risk Stop and High-Risk Arrest]** 1. 2\. [Effecting a High-Risk Stop] When effecting high-risk stop, the police officer shall: a. Exert utmost effort to persuade the suspects to halt or stop their movement. b. Start with the procedural conduct of regular warrantless arrest where the arrest is inevitable. c. Ensure proper documentation of the process. d. Respect the rights of all the persons involved. 3\. During the Violent Stage The PNP shall strictly adhere to the PNP Operational Procedures (POP), particularly on the use of force **[Police Defensive Roadblock]** A police Defensive Roadblock is a temporary installation or hastily built barricade set for halting traffic to facilitate the apprehension/neutralization of an armed person/suspect onboard a motor vehicle. a. [Pre-Conditions in Establishing Police Defensive Roadblocks]: A police defensive roadblock may be established in any of the following conditions/situations: 1. The object vehicle/s must be the subject of a recent flash alarm; 2. The driver/occupants of the vehicle are presumed hostile and will not stop at the checkpoint; 3. The vehicle disregarded a police-established checkpoint when flagged down; 4. The identified vehicle and occupants must be the subject of a police case/combat operational plan; 5. There is unauthorized troop movement, or (6) There must be validated information on any of the following: a. On-going hot pursuit/police chase; b. Movement of suspected armed persons onboard a motor vehicle; c. Report of suspected armed men who have just committed a crime; d. Vehicle carrying escaped prisoner; or e. Armed motorcycle-riding criminals. b. [Procedures in Establishing Roadblock:] 1\. [Before the Roadblock]: 1. Team Leader (TL) - shall lead and take responsibility for the conduct of roadblock preferably an officer with the rank of at least Police Lieutenant; 2. Forward observer/spotter -PNP personnel who will point/profile suspected vehicle subject for roadblock; 3. Spokesperson-TL or member who is solely in charge of communicating with the armed suspects onboard a motor vehicle subject to roadblock; 4. Sniper-to render the vehicle un-operational to avoid escape and provide firepower support to neutralize armed and hostile suspects during firefight; 5. 5.Investigation Sub-team-in charge of investigation and documentation of the roadblock; 6. Search/Arresting Sub-Team-designated to conduct search, seizure and arrest; 7. Security Sub-Team-tasked to provide security in the roadblock area and ensure exclusion of other vehicles and civilians not subject of roadblock; 8. Blocking/Pursuing Sub-Team- tasked to block/ pursue fleeing suspects/vehicle; 9. Medical Sub-Team-tasked to provide immediate medical assistance if necessary; 10. Additional tactical personnel/team may be employed depending on the size of the hostiles; and 11. Videographer-tasked to take videos of the entire roadblock operation. 1. Inform the next higher Headquarters of the make or type and plate number of the motor vehicle to be accosted, including the number and, if possible, identity of the occupants; 2. State the reason(s) for the planned intervention of the suspected motor vehicle; 3. Give the exact location of the roadblock to include personnel involved, available equipment and marked vehicles; 4. Coordinate with the Chief of Police and friendly forces who has territorial jurisdiction over the area; and 5. Immediately contact adjacent units to inform them of the situation so that these units can conduct dragnet operation, while the members of the blocking/pursuing team shall block or pursue the fleeing suspects/vehicle. [2.During the Roadblock:] a. Establish forward observers/spotters and rear checkpoint; b. Deploy security forces in a strategic and defensive position; c. Establish a strong roadblock on selected strategic areas; d. Deploy road spikes or tire deflation system if available; e. Ensure that the whole intervention procedure is documented by the videographer; f. As much as possible, the area where the roadblock shall be established must be properly lighted with noticeable signage bearing the name of the PNP Unit visibly displayed and in a safe distance from a populated area to prevent collateral damage if a firefight ensues; g. Police car lights must be turned on at all times during the operation; h. Identify yourself-rank, name, and unit verbally and make known to the suspect/s that you are after them through the use of a siren or megaphone; i. If the vehicle\'s windows are heavily tinted and the occupants cannot be seen, instruct the driver to open all windows to have a clear view of the interior of the vehicle; j. Instruct the driver to turn off the ignition (if this was not done when the vehicle stopped) and order all the occupants to disembark, followed by their hands to be placed on top of the vehicle; k. The other members of the team must be on guard for any eventuality while the vehicle is being approached; l. Intervention procedures upon stop of subject vehicle: 1. Exert utmost effort to persuade the suspects to halt or stop their movement; 2. 2.Start with the procedural conduct of regular warrantless arrest where arrest is inevitable; 3. Ensure proper documentation of the process; and 4. Respect the rights of all the persons involved. m. Procedures when suspects open fire/engage the troops: 1. 1.In the event that the occupants of the vehicle open fire on the personnel manning the roadblock, reasonable force to overcome the suspects\' aggression may be employed; 2. Use only necessary force to neutralize suspects; 3. Prevent panic firing; 4. Prevent collateral damage;and 5. Account for the casualties. [3. After the Roadblock:] a\. When suspect/s surrendered or are arrested: 1. Arrested persons must be apprised of their rights in reference to the Miranda Doctrine. 2. An After-Roadblock Operations Report must be submitted to their respective units or organization for proper evaluation of the efficacy of the operation. b\. When suspects engage with troops: 1. Account for the casualties and give immediate medical assistance to the wounded; 2. Protect/preserve the crime scene/engagement area; and 3. Ensure proper documentation of the process. c\. Fleeing Vehicles: 1. In the event that the motor vehicle did not stop and it evaded the roadblock despite the warning given, inform Headquarters or adjacent units so that another roadblock can be set-up; 2. Fleeing vehicles shall not be fired upon except by a sniper but only to disable the vehicle; 3. Inform Headquarters of the make or type, plate number and color of the motor vehicle to be accosted including the number of occupants and, if possible, their identity; 4. State the reason(s) for flagging down the suspected motor vehicle; 5. Give mobile car\'s location and its direction before making actual intervention; and 6. Establish Hot Pursuit Operation. **[Internal Security Operations]** **[General Mandate]** The PNP is mandated to provide active support to the Armed Forces of the Philippies (AFP) in Internal Security Operations (ISO) for the suppression of the Communist Terrorist Movement (CTM) and other serious threats to national security.(E.O.546) **[The PNP in an Active Support Role]** The PNP shall perform the following: 1. Conduct sustained law enforcement actions against CTM atrocities; 2. In urban areas, the PNP may assume the lead role in ISO against the CTM, other threat groups and organized crime groups engaged in armed offensives; 3. The PNP units may either operate as a single force or as a part of joint PNP-AFP combat operations. In both cases, lateral coordination is a must; 4. The PNP units in CTM-affected areas maybe placed under Operational Control (OPCON) of AFP units but shall continue to perform law enforcement functions. 5. Specific areas where armed confrontations such as encounter, ambush, raid, liquidation and other similar atrocities occur between government forces (PNP or AFP) and the Communist Terrorists (CTs) shall be treated as a crime scene. The police unit that has jurisdiction over the areas shall conduct the Crime Scene Investigation (CSI). **[Defensive Position]** Police Stations, especially those located in far-flung areas, are priority targets of attacks. As such, security measures against CT atrocities must be undertaken as follows: 1. Continuously remind all PNP personnel to be extra vigilant and security conscious in their day-to-day activities and during troop movements. 2. Duty station guards shall memorize, internalize and put into practice the 11 General Orders of a Duty Guard. (Annex \"Z\") Likewise, they shall always carry their issued long firearms and ammunition rig/bandoliers with basic load. 3. Vigorously implement added security measures in all Police Stations and Police Community Precincts. 4. Conduct sustained inspection of the operational readiness of PNP field units/stations. 5. Always keep in mind the modus operandi, strategies and tactics being practiced/employed by the CTM and other threat groups. 6. Enhance the establishment of Advance Security Control Points (ASCPs) to control the ingress and egress of people in Police Stations. 7. One of the strategies and tactics employed by CTM and other threats groups to gain access to police stations is by wearing of PNP/AFP uniforms and that of other LEAs, hence, personnel assigned in the advance security control points shall not allow entry of uniformed groups or any individuals without prior coordination. a. Exercise sustained vigilance and maintenance of law, order and public safety in respective AOR through the intensified conduct of police visibility patrols. b. Carry out Police Community Relation (PCR)/Barangay Peacekeeping Operations (BPO) activities in areas that are prone to influence, infiltration and infestation of CTM fronts organization. **ACTIVITY 2: CHECKPOINTS** INSTRUCTION: ANSWER BASE ON WHAT YOU HAVE UNDERSTAND BY READING THE HANDBOOK PAGE 15. DO NOT COPY IDEAS FROM EACH OTHER, AND DO NOT COPY PASTE YOUR ANSWERS FROM THE RESOURCES. IN THE CONDUCT OF CHECKPOINT, THE CHECKPOINT TEAM SHALL BE COMPOSED OF THE FOLLOWING MEMBERS. PROVIDE EACH RESPONSIBILITIES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THEIR DUTY. 1\. TEAM LEADER 2\. SPOTTER 3\. SPOKESPERSON 4\. INVESTIGATION SUB-TEAM 5\. SEARCH/ARRESTING SUB-TEAM 6\. SECURITY SUB-TEAM 7\. BLOCKINH/PURSUING SUB-TEAM IV. **ASSESSMENT/ REFLECTIVE THINKING:** V. **AGREEMENT: Students are required to prepare a piece of paper. During the ongoing quiz, students are advised to mind their papers and focus on answering the questions provided.** VI. **REFERENCES:** - Law Enforcement Operations and Planning with Crime Mapping by Fernando B. Padduyao, PhD. 2020. - Law Enforcement (Police) Operations and Planning with Crime Mapping by Police Colonel Adelene M. Florendo, 2022 - Law Enforcement Organization and Administration by Rodolfo V. Castillo Jr., PhD. And Antonio D. Flores Jr., PhD. 1st edition 2022 **[Chapter 3]** I. **[TOPIC/COVERAGE]** - - - II. **[LEARNING OUTCOMES]** 1. Understand the arrest with warrant and without warrant 2. Know the duties and responsibilities of police officers during the conduct of arrest and search and seizure 3. Demonstrate the issuance of arrest with warrant and without warrant 4. Determine the difference between warrant of arrest and search warrant as to issuance 5. Identify the content an arrest warrant and search warrant III. **[DISCUSSION]** **[Arrest]** **[General Guidelines]** 1. All arrests should be made only on the basis of a valid Warrant of Arrest issued by a competent authority, except in instances where the law allows warrantless arrest. 2. No violence or unnecessary force shall be used in making an arrest, and the person to be arrested shall not be subjected to any greater restraint than what is necessary under the circumstances. 3. As a general rule, arrests can be made on any day of the week and at any time of the day or night. 4. Only judges are authorized to issue Warrants of Arrest. 5. A Warrant of Arrest is no longer needed if the accused is already under detention. An Order of Commitment is issued by the judge in lieu of the Warrant of Arrest. 6. The following are immune from arrest: a. A Senator or Member of the House of the Representatives while Congress is in session for an offense punishable by not more than six years of imprisonment; and b. Diplomatic Agents, Under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. **[Warrant of Arrest]** The warrant of arrest is the written authority of the arresting officer when making an arrest or taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the commission of an offense. The head of the office to whom the warrant of arrest has been delivered for implementation shall cause the warrant to be implemented within ten (10) days from receipt. Within ten (10) days after the expiration of such period, the police officer to whom it was assigned for implementation shall make a report to the judge who issued the warrant and in case of his failure to implement the same, shall state the reasons thereof. **[Arrests Without a Warrant]** A peace officer or a private person may, without a warrant, are; 1. When, in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is attempting to commit an offense; 2. When an offense has just been committed and he has probable cause to believe, based on personal knowledge of facts or circumstances, that the person to be arrested has committed it; 3. When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escaped from a penal establishment or place where he is serving final judgment or temporarily confined while his case is pending, or has escaped while being transferred from one confinement area to another; 4. Where the accused released on C attempts to leave the country without court permission; 5. Violation of conditional pardon, punishable under Article 159 of the Revised Penal Code as a case of evasion of service of sentence; and 6. Arrest following a Deportation Proceeding by the Immigration Commissioner against illegal and undesirable aliens. **[Authority of the Arresting Officer when Making an Arrest]** 1\. [Police officer may summon assistance] - A police officer making a lawful arrest may verbally summon as many persons as he deems necessary to assist him in effecting the arrest. 2\. [Right of a police officer to break into building or enclosure] - A police officer in order to make an arrest, with or without warrant, may break into a building or enclosure where the person to be arrested is or is reasonably believed to be, if he is refused admittance thereto after announcing his authority and purpose. 3\. [Right to break out from building or enclosure] - Whenever an arrest, he may break out there from, when necessary, to liberate himself. 4\. [Arrest after escape or rescue] - If a person lawfully arrested escapes or is rescued, any person may immediately pursue to retake him without a warrant at any time and in any place within the Philippines. **[Procedures]** **[Serving of Warrant of Arrest]** 1. Verify the validity of the warrant and request for an authenticated copy from the issuing court; 2. In serving the warrant, the police officer should introduce himself and show proper identification; 3. Make a manifestation of authority against the person to be arrested; 4. If refused entry, the police officer may break into any residence, office, building, and other structure where the person to be arrested is in or is reasonably believed to be in, after announcing his purpose; 5. The police officer need not have a copy of the warrant in his possession at the time of the arrest. If the person arrested so requires, the warrant shall be shown to the arrested person as soon as possible; 6. Secure the person to be arrested and use handcuffs for the protection of the arresting officer, other individuals or the arrested person himself; 7. Conduct thorough search for weapons and other illegal materials on the person arrested and surroundings within his immediate control; 8. Inform the person to be arrested of his rights under the law (i.e. Miranda Warning and Anti-torture Warning); 9. No unnecessary force shall be used in making an arrest; 10. Confiscated evidence shall be properly documented with the chain of custody of evidence duly and clearly established; 11. Bring the arrested person to the Police Station for documentation; 12. Make a Return of Warrant to the court of origin (Annex \"B"-Return of Warrant Form);and 13. Deliver the arrested person to jail/prison upon the issuance of a commitment order of the court. **[Effecting Warrantless Arrest]** 1. Freeze or restrain the suspect/s; 2. Make proper introduction as to identity and authority to arrest; 3. Inform the arrested person of the circumstances of his arrest and recite the Miranda Warning and Anti-Torture Warning to him; 4. Secure the person to be arrested and use handcuffs for the protection of the arresting officer, other individuals or the arrested person himself; 5. Conduct thorough search for weapons and other illegal materials on the person arrested and surroundings within his immediate control; 6. Confiscated evidence shall be properly documented with the chain of custody of evidence duly and clearly established; 7. No unnecessary force shall be use d in making an arrest; and 8. Bring the arrested person to the Police Station for further investigation and disposition. **[Duties of the Arresting Officer]** 1. It shall be the duty of the police officer implementing the Warrant of Arrest to deliver the arrested person without delay to the nearest Police Station or jail to record the fact of the arrest; 2. At the time of the arrest, it shall be the duty of the arresting officer to inform the person arrested of the cause of the arrest and the fact that a warrant had been issued for his arrest. The arresting officer need not have the warrant in his possession at the time of the arrest but after the arrest, if the person arrested so requires, the warrant shall be shown to him as soon as possible; 3. When women or children are among the arrested suspect is the arresting officer shall task the Women\'s and Children\'s protection Desks (WCPD) officer or a policewoman who is familiar with women and children protection desk duties to conduct the pat-down search; 4. In case of arrest without a warrant, it shall be the duty of the arresting officer to inform the person to be arrested of his authority and the cause of the arrest except s inform him or when the giving of such information will imperil the arrest; 5. The person arrested, with or without warrant, shall be informed of his constitutional right to remain silent and that any statement he makes could be used against him. Also, that he has the right to communicate with his lawyer or his immediate family and the right to physical examination; 6. A person arrested without a warrant shall be immediately brought to the proper Police Station for investigation without unnecessary delay. He shall be subjected to inquest proceedings within the time prescribed in Article 125 of the Revised Penal Code (RPC); 7. No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the freewill shall be used against an arrested person. The bringing of arrested persons to secret detention places, solitary confinement and the like is prohibited; 8. If the person arrested without a warrant waives his right under the provisions of Art 125 of the Revised Penal Code, the arresting officer shall ensure that the former signs a waiver of detention in the presence of his counsel of choice, and 9. If the person arrested waives his right against self-incrimination and chooses to give his statement, the arresting and officer shall ensure that the waiver is made in writing signed by the person arrested in the presence of a counsel of his own choice or a competent and independent counsel provided by the government. **[Physical Examination of Arrested Person/Suspect]** Before interrogation, the person arrested shall have the right to be informed of his right to demand physical examination by an independent and competent doctor of his own choice. If he cannot afford the services of a doctor of his own choice, he shall be provided by the State with a competent and independent doctor to conduct physical examination. If the person arrested is female, she shall be attended to preferably by a female doctor. **[Search and Seizure]** **[Requisites for the Issuance of Search Warrant]** A search warrant shall be issued only upon probable cause in connection with one specific offense to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses presented. The search warrant shall particularly describe the place to be searched and the things to be seized which may be anywhere in the Philippines. a\. The following properties maybe the objects of a search warrant: 1. Properties which are the subject of the offense; 2. Stolen, embezzled proceeds, or fruits of the offense; and 3. Objects including weapons, equipment, and other items used or intended to be used as the means of committing an offense. **[Validity of Search Warrant]** 1. The warrant shall be valid for ten (10) days from date of issuance and may be served at any day within the said period. Thereafter, it shall be void. 2. If, in the implementation of the search warrant, its object or purpose cannot be accomplished in one day, the search can be continued the following day, or days, until completed, provided it is still within the ten (10)- day validity period of said search warrant. 3. If the object or purpose of the search warrant accomplished within the ten(10)-day validity period, the Cannot he responsible police officer conducting the search must file before the issuing court, an application for the extension the validity period of said search warrant. **[Time of Search]** The warrant should be served during daytime, unless there is a provision in the warrant allowing service at any time of the day or night. **[Applications for Search Warrant]** All applications for Search Warrant shall be approved for filing by the Chief of Office. The application shall indicate the following data: 1. Office applying for the Search Warrant; 2. Name of officer-applicant; 3. Name of the subject, if known; 4. Address/place(s) to be searched; 5. Specific statement of things/articles to be seized; and 6. Sketch of the place to be searched. All approved applications shall be recorded in a logbook duly maintained for the purpose, indicating the name of the applicant, name of the respondent, nature of the offense, and dale of the application. **[Authority of Police officer when conducting search. ]** In the conduct of search, if after giving notice of his purpose and authority, the police officer is refused admittance to the place of search, he may break open any outer or inner door or window or any part of a house or anything therein to implement the warrant or liberate himself or any person lawfully aiding him when unlawfully detained therein. **[Prohibited Acts in the Conduct of Search by Virtue of a Search Warrant]** 1. Houses, rooms, or other premises shall not be searched except in the presence of the lawful occupant thereof or any member of his family or, in the absence of the latter, in the presence of two (2) witnesses of sufficient age and discretion residing in the same locality. 2. Lawful personal properties, papers, and other valuables not specifically indicated or particularly described in the search warrant shall not be taken. **[Inventory and Delivery of Property Seized]** 1. The police officer who confiscates property under the warrant shall issue a detailed receipt of property seized to the lawful occupant of the premises, or in the absence of such occupant, shall do so in the presence of at least two (2) witnesses of sufficient age and discretion residing in the same locality; 2. The receipt shall likewise include items seized under the Plain View Doctrine; 3. The police officer must then leave a receipt in the place in which he found the seized property and a duplicate copy thereof with any barangay official having jurisdiction over the place searched; and 4. The police officer must forthwith deliver the property seized to the judge who issued the warrant, together with an inventory thereof, duly verified under oath. **[Valid Search and Seizures Without Search Warrant]** **a. Search made incidental to a valid arrest** A person lawfully arrested may be searched for weapons or anything which may be used or anything which may constitute proof in the commission of an offense, without a search warrant. **b. Search of moving vehicles** If the police officers who will conduct the search have reasonable or probable cause to believe, before the search, that either the motorist is a law offender or they will find the instrumentality or evidence pertaining to a crime in the vehicle to be searched, the vehicle may be stopped and subjected to an extensive search. **c. Seizure of evidence in plain view** Any object in the plain view is subject to seizure and may be introduced as evidence. Requirements under the Plain View Doctrine are: 1. The police officer must have prior justification for an intrusion or, otherwise, must be in a position from which he can view a particular area; 2. The discovery of the evidence in plain view is unintentional; or 3. It is immediately apparent to the police officer that the item he observes may be evidence of a crime, contraband, or is a valid subject of seizure. **d. When there is waiver of the right or there is consented search** To constitute a waiver of this constitutional right, it must appear, first, that the right exists; second, that the person involved h ad knowledge, either actual or constructive, of the existence of such right; that said person had an actual intention to relinquish the right. **e. Searches Under Stop and Frisk Rule** The police officer has the right to stop a citizen on the street, interrogate him, and pat him for weapons whenever he observes unusual conduct which convinces him that a criminal activity exists. **f. Emergency and Exigent Circumstances** A search warrant could be validly dispensed with in cases of exigent and emergency situation, and the police officers have reasonable grounds to believe that a crime is being committed, and they have no opportunity to apply for a search warrant from the courts because the latter were closed. **g. Tipped Information** If the police officers have reasonable grounds to believe that the subjects are engaged in illegal activities, the tipped information is sufficient to provide probable cause to effect a warrantless search and seizure. IV. **ASSESSMENT/ REFLECTIVE THINKING:** V. **AGREEMENT: Students are required to prepare a piece of paper. During the ongoing quiz, students are advised to mind their papers and focus on answering the questions provided.** VI. **REFERENCES:** - Law Enforcement Operations and Planning with Crime Mapping by Fernando B. Padduyao, PhD. 2020. - Law Enforcement (Police) Operations and Planning with Crime Mapping by Police Colonel Adelene M. Florendo, 2022 - Law Enforcement Organization and Administration by Rodolfo V. Castillo Jr., PhD. And Antonio D. Flores Jr., PhD. 1st edition 2022 **[CHAPTER 4]** I. **[TOPIC/COVERAGE]** - - - - - - II. **[LEARNING OUTCOMES]** 1. Understand the investigation procedures during the police operations. 2. Know the duties and responsibilities of a territorial police unit after an Armed conflict. 3. Demonstrate the investigation procedures in the conduct of police operation. 4. Understand the maintenance of Police Blotter. 5. Know the duties and responsibilities of the police officers in the conduct of police operation. 6. Demonstrate the proper conduct of each police operation. 7. Determine whether the police operation conducted legal or not. 8. Appreciate the importance of properly conducting police operation. **[Investigation Procedures]** **Investigation by the Territorial Police Unit after an Armed Confrontation Responsibility of the Territorial Police Unit**. The Police Unit that has territorial jurisdiction over the area where the armed confrontation occurred shall secure the scene and immediately undertake the necessary investigation. **Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO) Team to Process the Crime Scene** The concerned Police Unit shall immediately request the Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO) Team to conduct crime scene processing. **Mandatory Examination of Firearm Seized/Confiscated during Police Operation** 1. All firearms, cartridges and slugs seized, captured or other police operations including those seized during the service of warrants and, more importantly, those recovered from the crime scene shall immediately be submitted to the local Crime Laboratory (CLO) which shall in turn process it for capturing and cross-matching through the Integrated Ballistics Identification System (IBIS); 2. The field investigator or investigator-on-case (IOC) shall submit the photo of the firearm and the receipt issued by the local Crime Laboratory Office for the said firearm/cartridges/slugs to the prosecutor or the court; 3. Should the prosecutor eventually require the physical submission of the fi rearm, the investigator-on-case shall manifest with the prosecutor or court that a subpoena be issued for the Crime Laboratory which issued the receipt to present the said firearm; and 4. It is also imperative that the chain of custody be strictly observed and documented and therefore, as much as practicable, it shall be the investigator-on-case (IOC) who shall personally submit the recovered firearms/shells/slugs to the local Crime Laboratory. **Inquest Proceeding Necessary When the Suspect Dies** In cases of armed confrontation wherein the suspect dies, the Team Leader of the operating unit shall submit the incident for inquest before the duty Inquest Prosecutor prior to the removal of the body from the scene, except in areas where there are no Inquest Prosecutors. In which case, the territorial police unit can proceed with the investigation. **Judicial Affidavit Rule** This Rule shall apply to all actions, proceedings, and incidents requiring the reception of evidence before the court in place of the direct testimonies of witnesses in order to reduce the time needed for completing their testimonies. **Application of Rule to Criminal Actions** This rule shall apply to all criminal actions where the maximum imposable penalty does not exceed six years. **Contents of Judicial Affidavit** A judicial affidavit shall be prepared in the language known to the witness and, if not in English or Filipino, accompanied by a translation in English or Filipino, and shall contain the necessary data/information. 1. The name, age, residence or business address, and occupation of the witness; 2. The name and address of the lawyer who conducts or supervises the examination of the witness and the place where the examination is being held; 3. A statement that the witness is answering the questions asked of him, fully conscious that he does so under oath, and that he may face criminal liability for false testimony or perjury; 4. Questions asked of the witness and his corresponding answers, consecutively numbered, that: a. Show the circumstances under which the witness acquired the facts upon which he testifies; b. Elicit from him those facts which are relevant to the issues that the case presents; and c. Identify the attached documentary and object evidence and establish their authenticity in d. accordance with the Rules of Court; 5. The signature of the witness over his printed name; and 6. A jurat or a proof that an oath was taken before an administering officer or a notary public. **Sworn Attestation of the Lawyer** The judicial affidavit shall contain a sworn attestation at the end, executed by the lawyer who conducted or supervised the examination of the witness, to the effect that: 1. He faithfully recorded or caused to be recorded the questions he asked and the corresponding answers that the witness gave; and 2. Neither he nor any other person then present or assisting him coached the witness regarding the latter\'s answer. **[Maintenance of Police Blotter]** **Police Blotter** Each PNP operating unit shall maintain an official police blotter where all types of operational and undercover dispatches shall be recorded containing the five \"Ws\"(who, what, where, when and why) and one "H\" (how) of an information. A Police blotter is a logbook that contains the daily registry of all crime incident reports, official summaries of arrest, and other significant events reported in a police station **Police Blotter for Cases involving Women and Children** A separate Police Blotter, however, shall be maintained for crime incident reports involving violence against women and children and those cases involving a child in conflict with the law to protect their privacy pursuant to Republic Act (RA)9262(Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act of 2004) andRA9344 (Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006), respectively. **Crime Incident Reporting System (CIRS)** Each PNP operating unit shall also maintain and utilize the PNP Crime Incident Reporting System (CIRS), an electronic reporting system that facilitates crime documentation, modernizes data storage and provides quick and reliable transmission of crime information from lower units and NOSUs of the PNP to the National Headquarters at Camp Crame, Quezon City. **Blotter Procedure** Before entry into the blotter book, the Duty Officer (DO) should first evaluate if the report is a crime incident, arrest or event/ activity, which is for records purposes only. If the report is a crime incident, the DO shall first accomplish the Incident Record Form (IRF) from which the entry in the blotter book and IRS shall be extracted. All other reports shall be recorded directly to the blotter book. **[Unit Crime Periodic Report (UCPER)]** **Purpose** To promote consistency in the recording of crime incidence, the PNP adopts a uniform procedure in reporting and collecting crime data including cases reported to other law enforcement agencies that are part of the Criminal Justice System. **Execution and Procedures** The Chief of Police is primarily responsible for the maintenance of accurate crime data. Accuracy and integrity of crime recording processes must be ensured by the Chief of Investigation Section and Crime Registrar. The Chief of Police shall likewise ensure that crime data are gathered from all sources, such as: Barangay, NBI, PDEA, BFAR, DENR, DSWD, BOC, BI and other agencies with law enforcement functions in the locality. Unit Commanders shall appoint a Crime Registrar who shall be responsible in consolidating and maintaining crime data files of each unit to ensure consistency and continuity. **Recording** a. [Incident Reports] following circumstances. 1. When the offender is ill and is unlikely to recover or is too senile or too mentally disturbed for proceedings to take place; 2. When the complainant or an essential witness is dead, and the proceedings cannot be pursued; 3. When the victim or an essential witness refuse, or is permanently unable to stand as a witness; and 4. The victim or complainant or witness is a minor. b. [Reporting Jurisdiction] The police unit with the territorial jurisdiction where the crime was committed shall have the primary responsibility to record and report the same. If a continuing crime is committed in various areas of responsibilities, it should be recorded and reported as a single crime by the unit taking cognizance of the crime. **Booking of Arrested Suspects** Booking of arrested suspects shall be undertaken to record and document the information surrounding the arrest of the suspect. **Policies and Guidelines** The following policies and guidelines shall be adhered to by all PNP personnel involved in the booking of arrested suspects: a\. General Policy After arrest, a suspect is taken into police custody and shall be performed by designated police officers. 1. Record the arrest made in the Police Blotter; 2. Conduct pat down or strip search of the suspect; 3. Submit the suspect for medical examination; 4. Take the criminal suspect\'s personal information (i.e. name, date of birth, physical characteristics, etc.); 5. Record information about the suspect\'s alleged crime; 6. Perform a record search of the suspect\'s criminal background; 7. Fingerprint and photograph the suspect; 8. Take custody of any personal property carried by the suspect (i.e. keys, purse),to be returned upon the suspect\'s release; and 9. Place the suspect in a police station lock-up/holding cell or local jail. b\. Specific Functions, Responsibilities and Procedures The following are the functions, procedures and responsibilities of the different personnel during the booking of arrested suspects: **([1)Arresting Officer (AO):]** 1\. Upon arrest, the Arresting Officer (AO) shall immediately bring the suspect/s to the police station and present the suspect/s to the Desk Officer (DO); 2.The AO shall ask the Desk Officer to record in the police blotter the circumstances of the arrest as well as the identity of the suspects and names of Arresting Officers (AO). This procedure of assigning a blotter number to the arrest of the suspects signifies that the police station has officially taken cognizance of the arrest. The AO shall sign in the blotter entry; 3\. The AO and the DO shall thereafter conduct a more thorough pat-down search of the suspects. Any deadly weapon or contraband found and confiscated shall also be recorded in the blotter. When women or children are among those arrested, the DO shall task the duty WCPD officer to conduct the pat-down. A strip search may be conducted as the situation demands but only with the authority of the Chief of Police (COP) or the Officer on Duty. A strip search, if conducted, will be so indicated in the blotter; 4.After the pat-down, the AO shall request the DO to prepare PNP Booking Form-1 5.The AO shall receive the accomplished medical examination request form and then shall be responsible for bringing/escorting the suspect the government hospital referred to in the request for the examination of the suspect/s; 6.The AO shall receive the Medical Examination results from the government physician and then he shall bring back the suspect/s to the police station and turn-over the suspect/s and the results of the medical examination to the Duty Investigator (DI); and 7.The AO will obtain PNP Booking Form 2-\"Arrest and Booking Sheet\" and refer it to the DI so that both of them will accomplish the form, diligently providing all the information required in the form. The copy of the Arrest and Booking Form shall form part of the Case folder and kept at the Investigation Section at the police station. **[(2)Desk Officer (DO):]** 1. Upon presentation by the AO of the arrested suspect/s to the DO, the Desk Officer (DO)shall log and record the details of the arrest made and assign a blotter entry number to the arrest. The entry shall include the name of the arresting officer and information as to the identity of the suspects and shall contain the five (5) \"W\"s and one (1) \"H" (Who, What, Where, When, Why and How) of an information as well as the name of the government hospital where the suspect/s will be referred for medical examination; 2. After recording in the police blotter, the DO together with the AO shall conduct a redundancy pat-down search of the suspect/s. This procedure is necessary to ensure that the suspect/s do not carry any deadly weapons or contraband when they are referred to a government hospital for medical examination. Any weapons or contraband or any other items confiscated or taken in custody 3. The Desk Officer shall then prepare or accomplish PNP Booking Form (PNPBF)-1\"Request for Medical Examination of the Arrested Suspect\". The Desk Officer shall have the police station Officer on Duty (OD)to sign the request form, but in the absence of the OD, the Desk Officer may sign the request form himself **[(3) Duty Investigator (DI):]** 1. After medical examination, the Arresting Officer shall refer the suspect/s and the case to the Duty Investigator (DI). The DI and the AO shall accomplish the PNP Booking Form-2 \"Arrest and Booking Form\" and ensure that a copy of the results of the medical examination are attached to the booking form; 2. The DI shall obtain personal information from each suspect and accomplish PNPBF-2 with the help of the AO. The PNPBD-2 booking sheet should contain among others the personal circumstances of the suspect/s. Likewise, the initial determination of the nature of the offense is included in the booking sheet. The last part of the booking sheet refers to the medical history or information known of the suspect/s, this part should not be confused with the medical certification issued by a doctor upon his arrest which shall be attached to the PNP Booking Form-2A. 3. The DI shall conduct record check to determine if the arrested suspect/s have previous or existing cases and/or standing warrant of arrest; (d) The Duty Investigator shall not process suspects brought by the Arresting Officers who have not undergone a medical examination in a government hospital; 4. The DI shall ensure that Mug Shots or the photographic portrait of the suspects are taken in four (4) different methods in accordance with the procedures. The 4R mug shots shall be attached to or printed in the PNP Booking Form-2B. 5. The Duty Investigator shall prepare a Turn-over Receipt Form(from Investigator to the Jailer) known as PNP Booking Form-3.The Jailer of the Station will now take responsibility of the suspect. If it is necessary that the arrested persons be placed in the lockup cell, a complete body frisking of the suspect by pat-down type search for any concealed weapon must be done. Strip search shall be conducted if necessary. On body search of arrested male suspect, required to same sex pat down searches, when it comes to women and children, the WCPD who is familiar with women and is done protection will conduct the search. Search children ensure that prohibited object will be brought to inside the lock-up particularly sharp objects that can be used prisoners and ropes that might be used to hurt other for entangling; 6. All personal valuables of the suspect that are not allowed to be brought inside the lock-up cell will be collected by the Investigator and shall be turned-over to the police station Property Custodian. The Investigator shall prepare PNP Booking Form 4. 7. The DI shall also be responsible for ensuring that he suspects\' fingerprints or ten prints are taken by the Fingerprint Technician, using both the ten-print card and the PNPBF-2.Only a trained Fingerprint Technician shall be allowed by the DI to take the ten prints of the suspects using the standard PNP Crime Laboratory Form No 451 038 to ensure that this will be readable by the Automate Fingerprint identification System (AFIS).The ten-print cant is considered as an integral part of the booking form and known as PNP Booking Form-2C; 8. The DI must always inform the Desk Officer of the status the case and the suspect so that updates will be entered in the police blotter; 9. The Investigator shall be responsible for preparing the necessary documents such as: Affidavit-complaint; affidavit of witness; booking and arrest report; photocopy recovered evidence if any; and a letter of case referral the Prosecutor\'s Office that should be signed by the Station Commander or police station Officer on Duty with the former\'s unavailability **Activity 2** 1\. What is Judicial Affidavit rule? 2\. What is Inquest Proceeding? 3\. What is Sworn Attestation of the Lawyer? 4\. What is Police Blotter? 5\. Identify the blotter procedures 6\. Provide specific responsibilities of each personnel below: a\. Arresting officer b\. Desk Officer C. Duty Investigator 7\. Identify the four (4) PNP Booking Forms IV. **ASSESSMENT/ REFLECTIVE THINKING:** V. **AGREEMENT: Students are required to prepare a piece of paper. During the ongoing quiz, students are advised to mind their papers and focus on answering the questions provided.** VI. **REFERENCES:** - Law Enforcement Operations and Planning with Crime Mapping by Fernando B. Padduyao, PhD. 2020. - Law Enforcement (Police) Operations and Planning with Crime Mapping by Police Colonel Adelene M. Florendo, 2022 - Law Enforcement Organization and Administration by Rodolfo V. Castillo Jr., PhD. And Antonio D. Flores Jr., PhD. 1st edition 2022 **[CHAPTER 5]** I. **[TOPIC/COVERAGE]** - - - - II. **[LEARNING OUTCOMES]** 1. Understand the process of custodial investigation. 2. Know the duties and responsibilities of the police officers during the detention of persons 3. Demonstrate the proper conduct of crime scene investigation 4. Determine the proper procedure of Inquest proceeding 5. Appreciate the importance of crime scene. III. **[DISCUSSION]** **[CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION]** **Duties of the Police During Custodial Investigation** 1\. The arresting officer, or the investigator, as the case may be, shall ensure that a person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation shall, at all times, be assisted by counsel, preferably of his own choice; 2.The arresting officer, or the investigator, as the case may be, must inform the person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation of the following rights under the Miranda Doctrine in a language or dialect known to and understood by him: 3\. If the person arrested, detained, or under custodial investigation has opted to give a sworn statement, the arresting officer, or the investigator, as the case may be, must reduce it in writing; 4\. The arresting officer must ensure that, before the sworn statement is signed, or thumb-marked if there is inability to read and to write, the document shall be read and adequately explained to the person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation by his counsel of choice, or by the assisting counsel provided to him, in the language or dialect known to him; 5\. The arresting officer, or the investigator, as the case may be, must ensure that any extrajudicial confession made by a person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation shall be: 6.The arresting officer, or the investigator, as the case may e, must, under established regulations, allow the person arrested, detained, or under custodial investigation visits by or conferences with any member of his immediate family, any medical doctor, priest, imam or religious minister chosen by him or by any member of his immediate family or by his counsel, or by any local Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)duly accredited by the Commission on Human Rights (CHR) or by any international NGO duly accredited by the Office of the President. His \"immediate family\" shall include his spouse, parent or child, brother or sister, grandparent or grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew or niece, guardian or ward, and fiancé or fiancée; and 7\. After interrogation, the person under custodial investigation shall have the right to be informed of his right to demand physical examination by an independent and competent doctor of his own choice. If he cannot afford the services of a doctor of his own choice, he shall be provided by the State with a competent and independent doctor to conduct physical examination. If the person arrested is female, she shall be attended to preferably by a female doctor. The physical examination of the person under custodial investigation shall be contained in a medical report, which shall be attached to the custodial investigation report. **[Detention]** The following are the policies and procedures in the admission, visitation, transfer and release of detainees: **a. Admission** 1\. Any person arrested due to the commission of a crime/s; 2\. Arrested suspects covered by a Commitment Order; and 3\. Arrested suspects who are under custodial investigation. However, under no circumstances should the arrested suspects under custodial investigation be held in the detention center beyond the prescribed reglementary period, unless, while in custody, appropriate charges have been filed and a Commitment Order has been issued by the court concerned or he signed the required waiver of the rights under the provisions of Article 125 of the RPC. **b. Requirements for Admission** Prior to the admission of arrested suspect, the following mandatory requirements shall be submitted to the Chief, Detention/ Custodial Center: 1\. Request for Custody of the arresting unit or the Commitment Order from the Court; 2.Proof of medical examination or medical certificate of the detainee to be provided by the arresting unit requesting for custody; and 3\. Case folder of the detainee containing the accomplished booking sheet for the arrested suspect and the Information filed with the Prosecutor\'s Office. c. **Segregation of Detainees** As much as practicable, detainees must be segregated according to gender and to the classification of crimes committed. d. **Visitation** Any person arrested and detained at the PNP Detention/ Custodial Center shall be allowed visits by or conferences with any member of his immediate family, or any medical doctor or priest or religious minister chosen by him or by any member of his immediate family or by his counsel, or by any local NGO duly accredited by the CHR or by any international NGO duly accredited by the Office of the President, subject to the following conditions: 1.The Chief, Detention/Custodial Center or his duly authorized representative is authorized to apportion the number of visitors per detainee at any given time as the space of the visitor\'s area may allow. With respect to detainee's family members, public and/or pertinent document must be presented to prove their relationship with the detainee. 2.Visitors wearing the color of the detainee\'s uniform shall be advised to wear other colors. 3.The Custodial Center, an informal and temporary penal facility for arrested suspects, shall not all conjugal visits for detention prisoners. 4\. The counsel of the accused has the right to visit the later subject to the existing security rules and regulation of the Center. 5\. No camera, video equipment, cellular phone and similar devices are allowed inside the visiting area. 6\. All visitors shall be frisked for deadly weapons, firearms, and other prohibited items. e. **Transfer of Custody** 1.Upon receipt of the Commitment Order from the court, the Chief, Detention/Custodial Center shall personally coordinate with the issuing court to ascertain the validity of the order; 2\. Upon confirmation, the Chief, Detention/Custodial Center must coordinate with the receiving detention facility for the immediate transfer of custody; and 3\. Prior to the transfer of custody, the arrested person shall be subjected to medical examination by a PNP medico-legal officer or any government physician in the absence of PNP medico-legal officer. Medical examination is mandatory before any transfer of custody of arrested person. f. **Release** 1.The Chief of Office shall be the sole approving authority in releasing detention prisoner. 2.Upon receipt of the Release Order from the court, the Chief, Detention/Custodial Center shall personally coordinate with the issuing court to ascertain the validity the order. 3.Upon confirmation, the Chief, Detention/Custodial Center must coordinate with the arresting unit if there are other, legal impediments to the release. 4\. The Chief, Detention/Custodial Center shall likewise check the Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM)\'s Arrest and Warrant Registry to determine if the detainee to be released has other pending warrants of arrest. 5\. Granting that all documents are legally in order, the Chief, Detention/Custodial Center shall prepare the memorandum addressed to the Chief of Office for the approval of the release. 6\. If there are valid grounds to sustain further detention, the Chief of Office in coordination with the arresting unit, will prepare the appropriate manifestation to the court containing therein the ground/s for objection. 7\. Prior to the official release of the detainee, the Chief, Detention/Custodial Center must bring the detainee to the Office of the PNP Health Service or Rural Health Unit for medical examination, which shall form part of the records/ case folder of the subject detainee. 8\. The Property or Evidence Custodian Officer shall be responsible for the custody of all the properties seized from the detainee prior to his detention. The former shall release the same to the detainee immediately upon his discharge from detention. **Transporting Detention Prisoner** 1\. If transported by a patrol jeep, the subject must be seated on the right rear seat and a PNP escort shall sit at the rear on the left side facing the subject. Hands of the subject should be secured by handcuffs under his knees. 2\. If transported by a patrol car, subject must be seated on the right rear seat and the PNP escort personnel shall sit on the left rear seat. Hands of the subject should be secured by handcuffs under his knees. 3\. In no case shall a Detention Prisoner be transported using public utility land vehicles that are not exclusively utilized for the purpose. 4\. In no case shall a high-risk Detention Prisoner be without proper escort and handcuffs. 5.Female detainees shall be transported in handcuffs, preferably aided by a policewoman. 6\. In no case shall a Detention Prisoner be allowed out of the Detention Cell without proper escort. 7\. Transport and escort of Detention Prisoner shall be limited only from the detention cell to the proper office for inquest, or court for hearing, or to the nearest hospital/clinic in case of the mandatory medical examination prior to detention or during actual medical emergency, or in court-permitted transport. 8\. In no case shall a Detention Prisoner be allowed travel and escort outside the detention cell to places devoted for recreation, worship, entertainment, meals and dining and others of similar and analogous description, unless upon lawful orders of the court. 9\. Detention Prisoners shall as much as possible be transported wearing detention prisoner uniform or proper attire that may identify them as a detention prisoner. **Inquest Procedures** Commencement of Inquest The inquest proceedings shall commence upon the presentation of arrested person and witness/es by the police officer before the inquest prosecutor. The concerned police officer shall also submit the following documents: **Documents to Be Submitted** The investigator shall ensure that, as far as practicable, the following documents shall be presented during the inquest proceedings: a\. Murder, Homicide and Parricide b\. Frustrated or Attempted Homicide, Murder, Parricide, and Physical Injuries Cases c\. Violations of the Dangerous Drugs Law d\. Theft and Robbery Cases, Violation of the Anti-Piracy Law, Anti-Highway Robbery Law, and Violation of the Anti-Fencing Law e\. Rape, Seduction, and Forcible Abduction with Rape Cases f\. Violation of the Anti-Carnapping Law g. Violation of the Anti-Cattle Rustling Law h\. Violation of Illegal Gambling Law i\. Illegal Possession of Firearms and Explosives j\. Violation of the Fisheries Law k\. Violation of the Forestry Law **Waiver of Rights** The inquest shall proceed unless the arrested person opts for a preliminary investigation by executing the required waiver of rights under Article 125 of the RPC. **Monitoring of Cases by the Investigators** An investigator\'s job does not end upon the filing of the case with the Prosecutor\'s Office. The investigator on case shall continuously monitor the case up to its final resolution. **Conduct of Crime Scene Investigation** The Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) starts from the arrival of the PNP First Responders (FRs) to the arrival of the Duty Investigator/IOC and the SOCO Team until the lifting of the security cordon and release of the crime scene. The following are the functions and responsibilities of the investigators during the crime scene investigation, as well as the procedures to be observed: a\. First Responder (FR) 1.The first Police Officers to arrive at the crime scene are the FRs who were dispatched by the local police station/unit concerned after receipt of incident/flash/alarm report; 2\. Immediately, the FR shall conduct a preliminary evaluation of the crime scene. This evaluation should include the scope of the incident, emergency services required, scene safety concerns, administration of life-saving measures, and establishment of security and control of the scene; 3\. The FR is mandated to save and preserve life by giving the necessary first-aid measures to the injured and their medical evacuation as necessary. The FR shall likewise secure and preserve the crime scene by cordoning off the area to prevent unauthorized entry of persons; 4\. The FR shall take the dying declaration of severely injured person/s, if any. Requisites of a \"Dying Declaration\" are: 5\. The FR shall make the initial assessment on whether a crime has actually been committed and shall conduct the preliminary interview of witnesses to determine what and how the crime was committed; 6\. If and when there is a suspect present in the area, the first responder shall arrest, detain and remove the suspec

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