L4 Arthrology PDF

Support and Movement 2: Arthrology joint study HPHS4072 Anatomy and Physiology in Rehabilitation Chloe Mo Content Definition Classification Characteristics of synovial joint Joint Disorders 2 Definition Joint study Arthrology Gre...

Support and Movement 2: Arthrology joint study HPHS4072 Anatomy and Physiology in Rehabilitation Chloe Mo Content Definition Classification Characteristics of synovial joint Joint Disorders 2 Definition Joint study Arthrology Greek: arthron, joint: denoting a joint or articulation Greek: logos, study 3  Based on functions : Classification of Joints 1) Synarthroses > - immobile noble 2) Amphiarthroses partly > - freely mobile ③ Diarthroses > - 4  > bone connected by dence fibrous Based 1) Fibrous X joint Cavity - : , connecte tissue on structure 2) Catilageous X joint cavity , - cartilage Classification of Joints > - fluid , synovial membrane 3)Synovial - -joint cavity , synovial W Y Fibrous joints allow very limited movements C bones are connected by fibrous tissue Types sutures E a connected 11 pregam i thin gomphoses 11 syndesmoses 5  tissue made from dense connective Fibrous joints - > - no joint carity a) Sutures > - only in skull articulation by process & indentation skull F the coronal suture binds the frontal and parietal bones ⑰ the bones of the joint are bound by fibrous connective tissue Moore 6  Fibrous joints tooth only in b) Gomphosis (peg and IP socket joint) conical process fits into a socket F e.g. roots of teeth into alveoli of maxillae and mandible k F 7  Fibrous joints ligaments bone connected by I Syndesmosis & Tibia > - surface united by an interosseous ligament Fibula" interosseus membrane e.g.1) inferior tibiofibular articulation -- Gradius Jular ligament A.D.A.M. 8  Classification of Joints EPBp - cartillage X joint carity 9 Cartilaginous joints epiphyseal (youth plate) a) synchondroses /// > - plane b) symphyses / > public symphysis - Cartilaginous joint - 9 Cartilaginous joints * more flexible to absorb stock E Synchondroses (primary cartilaginous joint) temporary joint X cartilage ossifies in adult life (25 years) e.g. epiphysis of child A Moore 10 11 Cartilaginous joints Symphyses (secondary cartilaginous joint) two bones are joined by fibrocartilage L e.g. inter-body joints of the spine, pubic symphysis A.D.A.M. 12 Classification of Joints movement involved ↓ Synovial joints hinge pivot condylar saddle plane ball-and-socket 13 Synovial joints most common in body bone ends covered by articulating cartilage joint cavity between the ends in normal healthy state articular capsule synovial capsule synovial membranes, with synovia Moore 14  Synovial joints the end of bands prembrane surround I Articular cartilage protecting outside or bore > - G hyaline cartilage fx: wear-resistant, low- friction W - lubricated surface joint cavity # fluid with synovial male surface thickest centrally, filled badea opposite for female surface articular nutrition: synovial fluid, vascular net cartilage in synovial membrane, blood vessels in underlying marrow spaces [capsule) Moore 15  Synovial joints joints stabilizes synovial Fibre - connective tissue dense irregular 2) Fibrous capsule > - connective fibrous tissue cuff around joint close to the articular surface nourished by articular vessels and nerves vessels and nerves - bursa: protrusion of synovial membrane vessels and nerves 16 Synovial joints ↳ Fibrous capsule reinforcement localized thickenings called joint Hip joint ligament reinforced or replaced by tendons in some joints * kneejoint femur accessory ligaments - not associated directly with the fibrous capsule 17 Synovial joints Ligaments strong flexible to allow for normal movement protected from excessive stretching by reflex contraction of muscles >2 > reflex contraction - ↓ receptors - 18 Synovial joints epithelia simple squamous & ↑ 1) Production of synovial fluid > - lubrication Synovial capsule Synovial membrane 2)Marutain joint homeostasis of joint by↓ inflammation smooth, pink, moist synovial villi bursa: reduces friction e.g. between tendons and bony areas frictionless environment Synovial fluid e cushioning 3) deliver nutrient , secreted by synovial membrane clear, colorless fluid * If yellow- Cfluid) A.D.A.M. 19 Bursa · Moore 20  ) Reducing Friction > tendons and bones - Smallsafilledwith 2) Cushioning absol cha - Function of bursa (Horement > slippery surfaces 3) Facilitating - Moore 21 Synovial joints Nerve supply Hilton’s law : nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering the insertion of these muscles # (kidsstroke) proprioceptive sensation : protection of the joint , located in the articular capsule and muscles 22 Synovial joints Based on motion Classification Diarthroses hinge joint > one direction pivot Uniaxial - condylar Biaxial two direction joint -> saddle plane ball-and-socket > Poly-axial joint > all directions - - 23  Uniaxial joint Cone direction) · 1) Hinge joints allow angular movement in one direction and in one plane e.g. flexion and extension humero-ulnar joint, 2 ankle joint, interphalangeal joint · 24 Uniaxial joint 2. Pivot joint allow rotary movement in one axis e.g. C1/2 joint, proximal radioulnar joint 25 Biaxial joint two directions P 11 (ellipsoid) joint 3. Condylar angular movement in two directions oval shaped head, elliptical cavity B flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction e.g. wrist joint, metacarpophalangeal joint metacarpa phalangeal jont 26 Oval shape Gray’s anatomy 27 Biaxial joint 4. Saddle joint * articular surface of each articular bones is concave in one direction and ↳ convex in another e.g. carpo-metacarpal joint of thumb 28 Saddle shape Gray’s anatomy 29 Biaxial joint ⑮ 5. Plane joints (gliding joint) permit gliding movement only usually small joints e.g. inter-carpal joints, facet joint of spine, superior tibiofibular joint and acromioclavicular joint 30 Poly-axial joints 6. Ball and Socket joints allows angular movement in all directions and a pivot movement e.g. hip joint, gleno-humeral joint 31  eueduction⑫ , adduction extensa ⑪nu - joint ⑭insil-connective tissue - in ⑪ itge , joint Joint > - onedirectia & herein I shape joint I ⑭ · sint I -metacarpal chondrosis tiginous en ; of thumb in · -Descentsyphys I mores are s red by fibrocartilage three direction - ⑳ Y ⑪ cartilage Near resistance 2) lubricated surface Stability of joint articular surfaces - shape, size, and arrangement ligament and capsule muscle tone around the joint 32 Movement of Synovial Joints Gliding L Flat bone surfaces move back-and- forth and from side-to-side with respect to one another no significant alteration of the angle between the bones 33 Movement of Synovial Joints Angular Movements Flexion, Extension, and Lateral Flexion 34 Movement of Synovial Joints Angular Movements away mid-line near mid-line Abduction, Adduction, and Circumduction 36 Movement of Synovial Joints Angular Movements Internal (medial) rotation, external (lateral) rotation 37 Joint Disorders in p I Osteoarthritis (OA) Degenerative and progressive Lost of joint cartilage (major cause) Results from a combination of aging, obesity, irritation of the joints, muscle weakness, and wear and abrasion Most common Reason for hip and knee replacement surgery 38 Joint Disorders P jointof Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) * more range Autoimmune disease A system imme Cartilage and joint linings attacked by immune system ↑ & produce Primary symptom: inflammation of the synovial membrane E produces an abnormal granulation tissue adheres to the surface of the articular cartilage h erodes the cartilage completely distortion of the fingers # 39 Clinical Check Point What would Physiotherapists do What would Occupational to help patient with OA? Therapists do for patients with RA? 40