Male Reproductive System PDF

L38- REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Dr.Pugazhandhi Bakthavatchalam Assistant Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, AUACAS, American University of Antigua LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this lecture, students should be able to  Male Reproductive System: Primary reproductive organs,...

L38- REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Dr.Pugazhandhi Bakthavatchalam Assistant Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, AUACAS, American University of Antigua LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this lecture, students should be able to  Male Reproductive System: Primary reproductive organs, accessory reproductive organs.  Scrotum, testis, spermatogenesis, factors affecting spermatogenesis, cryptorchidism.  DIVISIONS OF MALE GENITAL ORGANS 9.jan.2023 3 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - COMPONENTS Testis - Gonad Epididymis - Duct Vas deferens - Duct Ejaculatory duct - Duct Urethra - Duct Seminal vesicles - Acc. gland Prostate - Acc. Gland Bulbourethral gland - Acc. gland Scrotum - Ext. genitalia Penis - Ext. genitalia 4 9.jan.2023  MEDIAL SECTION OF MALE PELVIS 5 9.jan.2023 MALE COPULATORY ORGAN – THE PENIS 6 Provides passage for both urine & semen Parts  Root/radix or attached portion  Body/corpus or free portion 9.jan.2023 7 ROOT OF PENIS 9.jan.2023 8 BODY OF PENIS 9.jan.2023  BLOOD SUPPLY OF PENIS 9 9.jan.2023  NERVE SUPPLY OF PENIS 10 9.jan.2023  CLINICAL ANATOMY - HYPOSPADIAS 11 9.jan.2023  CLINICAL ANATOMY - EPISPADIAS 12 9.jan.2023  PHIMOSIS & PARAPHIMOSIS 13 9.jan.2023  SCROTUM 14  Contains  right and left testes,  epididymis  lower parts of the spermatic cords 9.jan.2023  LAYERS COVERING SCROTUM 15 9.jan.2023  SCROTUM – BLOOD SUPPLY & NERVE SUPPLY 16 9.jan.2023  CLINICAL ANATOMY - SCROTUM SCROTAL SEBACEOUS HYDROCOELE CYCTS 17 SCROTAL EDEMA SCROTAL ELEPHENTIASIS BIFID SCROTUM IN PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITE MALE 9.jan.2023  TESTES – the male gonad  Homologous to female ovaries 18 Suspended in scrotum by spermatic cord  Upper pole tilted forwards & laterally LEFT Vs RIGHT TESTIS LOCATION OF TESTIS 9.jan.2023  EXTERNAL FEATURES OF TESTIS 19  Poles  upper pole - Provides attachment to spermatic cord  lower pole  Borders  anterior border  Posterior border Epididymis is located on the lateral part of the posterior border  Surfaces  medial  lateral 9.jan.2023  COVERINGS OF TESTIS 20 9.jan.2023  STRUCTURE OF TESTIS 21 9.jan.2023  BLOOD SUPPLY OF TESTIS 22 9.jan.2023  Nerve supply Lymphatic drainage Preaortic & Para aortic Sympathetic: lymph nodes  Pre Ganglionic fibres – T10 & T11  Post ganglionic fibres: Renal & Aortic plexuses  Nerves are both sensory & vasomotor  Pain is referred to umbilicus 23 9.jan.2023  EXTERNAL FEATURES OF EPIDIDYMIS 24 9.jan.2023  DESCENT OF TESTES  It develops in relation to the segments T10 to T12 25  Subsequently descends to reach scrotum  Descent of testis begins in 2nd month of IU life 3rd month Reaches iliac fossa 4th – 6th month Deep inguinal ring 7th month Traverses inguinal canal 8th month Superficial inguinal ring 9th month Bottom of scrotum 9.jan.2023  CLINICAL ANATOMY CRYPTORCHIDISM OR UNDESCENDED TESTES ECTOPIC TESTES VARICOCELE TUMORS OF TESTIS 26 9.jan.2023  VAS DEFERENS (OR) DUCTUS DEFERENS 27 9.jan.2023  VAS DEFERENS 28  Arterial supply – artery to vas (Branch of superior vesical artery)  Venous drainage – Pampiniform plexus  Nerve supply – Testicular plexus 9.jan.2023  CLINICAL ANATOMY 29 VASECTOMY 9.jan.2023  EJACULATORY DUCT 30 9.jan.2023  SEMINAL VESICLES  are two lobulated sacs, situated between the bladder and rectum 31  Duct of the seminal vesicle joins the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct  They do NOT form a reservoir for spermatozoa  Their secretion forms a large part of seminal fluid, contains a coagulating enzyme called Vesiculase 10-Jan-23  BULBO-URETHRAL GLANDS  A pair of small glands 32 situated in the deep perineal pouch, one on each side of membranous urethra  Glands are surrounded by sphincter urethrae muscles  The ducts pierce the perineal membrane and opens in the intra-bulbar fossa of spongy urethra 10-Jan-23 PROSTATE – accessory gland of male reproductive system  Contains fibromuscular stroma with embedded glandular elements 33  Located in lesser pelvis  Below neck of urinary bladder & in front of ampulla of rectum  Shape of an inverted cone 10-Jan-23 PROSTATE – GROSS FEATURES 34  Apex – rests on urogenital diaphragm  Base – continuous with neck of urinary bladder  Anterior surface  Posterior surface  Inferolateral surface 10-Jan-23 35 DIGITAL EXAMINATION THROUGH RECTUM ALLOWS EASY PALAPATION OF PROSTATE (POSTERIOR SURFACE) 10-Jan-23  PROSTATIC LOBES  Anterior lobe  Small isthmus between 2 lateral lobes  NO glandular tissue, therefore DOES NOT FORM 36 ADENOMA  Posterior lobe  Lies behind median lobe  SITE FOR PRIMARY CARCINOMA  THIS LOBE DOES NOT FORM ADENOMA  Median/middle/prespermatic lobe  Lies behind urethra, in front of ejaculatory ducts  Produces an elevation in trigone of urinary bladder called UVULA VESICAE  Contains glandular tissue, therefore COMMON SITE FOR ADENOMA 10-Jan-23  PROSTATIC LOBES 37 UVULA VESICAE 10-Jan-23  CAPSULES OF PROSTATE  True capsule  Formed by condensation of peripheral part of gland 38  Fibromuscular in structure  Has NO venous plexus  False capsule  Lies outside true capsule  Anteriorly continuous with puboprostatic ligaments  Posteriorly forms by rectovesical fascia of Denonvillier’s 10-Jan-23 STRUCTURES WITHIN PROSTATE  Prostatic urethra 39  Prostatic utricle  Ejaculatory duct Posterior wall of urethra  Midline ridge – Urethral crest  Elevation in center – Colliculus seminalis  Opening of Prostatic utricle (homologous to vagina in female)  On sides opening of ejaculatory ducts  Depression on sides – Prostatic sinus  Opening of prostatic ducts 10-Jan-23  BLOOD SUPPLY & VENOUS DRAINAGE OF PROSTATE 40 10-Jan-23  NERVE SUPPLY OF PROSTATE 41 10-Jan-23  AGE CHANGES OF PROSTATE 42 10-Jan-23  CLINICAL ANATOMY OF PROSTATE SENILE ENLARGEMENT OF PROSTATE 43 Frequency BHP Urgency Hesitancy 10-Jan-23  CLINICAL ANATOMY OF PROSTATE PROSTATE CANCER 44 METASTATIC SPREAD OF PROSTATE CANCER 10-Jan-23 References Susan. 2008. Gray’s Anatomy- The Anatomical Basis of clinical Practise. 40th edition. New York: Elsvier. Snell, R.S. 2008. Clinical Anatomy by Regions. 8th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Ellis, H. 2006. Clinical Anatomy- A revision and Applied Anatomy for Clinical Students. 11th edition. Victoria: Blackwell Publishing. Moore, K.L., Dalle,A.F. & Agur, A.M. 2010. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 6th edition.Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.