Islam Test Review PDF
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This document includes a review of basic Islamic facts, terms, origins, beliefs, and the Day of Judgement. It covers topics such as the five pillars of Islam, prophets, and other important religious concepts.
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I SLAM TEST REVIEW Basic Facts and Terms FACTS - Islam is one of the three great monotheistic faiths born in the Middle East (Judaism, Christianity, Islam) - Islam is the second largest religion in world (1.2 billion adherents) - There is an...
I SLAM TEST REVIEW Basic Facts and Terms FACTS - Islam is one of the three great monotheistic faiths born in the Middle East (Judaism, Christianity, Islam) - Islam is the second largest religion in world (1.2 billion adherents) - There is an estimated 650 000 Muslims living in Canada - Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world TERMS - Islam: an Arabic word that means “submitting to God” and “peace” - Muslim: a person who follows the teachings of Islam and “submits to God and finds peace in Him”. All creation is Muslim. - Shahadah: “There is no god but God and Muhammad is the Messenger of God”. - Allah: Arabic name for God. It is preferred over other names because it has no gender affiliation and does not have plurality Origins (Isaac vs. Ishmael), Founder (Muhammad) and other prophets ORIGINS - As Isaac became ancestor of the Jews, Ishmael, the firstborn of Abraham (with Hagar) became the ancestor of the Muslims FOUNDER - Muhammad (PBUH), born in 570 CE in Makkah, is the last of 28 prophets who preached the religion of Islam. Raised by his uncle after his parents’ death, he believed in monotheism from a young age. In 610 CE, he received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel, marking the start of his 23 years of prophetic messages. His teachings, emphasizing one God and rejecting idolatry, were initially rejected in Makkah, leading to his migration (Hijrah) to Madinah in 622 CE, which begins the Islamic calendar. He gained followers, returned to Makkah for pilgrimages, and passed away at 63 in Madinah. The message of Islam was completed through him and is preserved in the Qur'an. OTHER PROPHETS - The most significant prophets in Islam are Muhammad, Moses, Abraham, and Noah. Jesus is also highly respected as a great prophet, and the Qur'an affirms his miraculous birth and abilities. Muslims believe in the Second Coming of Jesus before the end of time. Beliefs, Day of Judgement BELIEFS 1. Belief in only One God. He is defined as Eternal,Absolute, Infinite, Compassionate and Merciful, the sole Creator and Provider. 2. Engage only in Righteous ActionsIn all areas: spiritual,intellectual and physical activity. 3. All God’s creation is “Muslim”.Only humans are givenCHOICE to submit (be Muslim) or reject submission to God’s will. 4. All children are born without sin and are Muslim. As they grow older, they make their religious CHOICE. 5. God created human beings with a body and soul.Thebody is a temporal host for this life, whereas the soul is eternal. It is the soul that will survive beyond death. 6. Universality of the call.All Muslims are brothersand equals without any distinction of class, race or tongue. Superiority is only based on the greater fear of God and greater piety DAY OF JUDGEMENT - All humans will be bodily resurrected and assembled for final accounting of deeds - Soul will move on to afterlife - Upon the Final Judgment = world will end and we will stand before God to confront our own life and actions - Desire for purified soul= heaven (eternal abode of beauty and majesty) - Disbelievers and impure soul= hell(abode of great torment and anguish) 5 pillars of Islam MUST FOLLOW TO GET IN HEAVEN Shahadah Salah - Testimony of faith - prayer Sawm Zakah - Fasting in ramadan - charity Hajj - Pilgrimage to makkah Prayer, Fasting - Worshippers line up in rows and enact ritual in unison (prostration) - Friday midday prayers at mosque - Muslims pray at different times of the day. These include: - Early morning, Noon, Mid-afternoon, Sunset, night FASTING - month of Ramadan (ninth month of lunar year) to test the spirit, discipline the will and remind of the hungry and poor - Numerous important events took place during Ramadan: - first revelation in 610 CE - flight to Mecca in 622 CE - victory in 624 CE – Battle of Badr, Muslim vs. Meccans, only battle mentioned in the Quran, divine intervention - Ramadan ends with Eid al-Fitr (period of spiritual and moral renewal) Mosque, Mihrab, Minaret, Wudu, Imam - MOSQUEis Muslim place of worship Muslims come togetherin a mosque for prayers at midday on Friday (Muslim Holy Day) - MIHRAB= small arch or hole in wall indicates the directionof the Ka’bah in Mecca - MINARET= high tower or dome from which a muezzin callsthe faithful to prayer - WUDU= cleansing process before prayer (water) - IMAM= chief officer in the mosque who leads prayers Festivals, Symbols, Milestones SYMBOLS - The use of symbols to express one’s faith is not allowed in Islam - Star and crescent moon- used on flags - The written shahadah- found on saudi arabia’s flag on a green background(thought to be prophets favourite colour.) FESTIVALS - The Ramadan Fast - Eid al-Fitr - Eid-al-Adha - Milad ul-Nabi - Mi’raj - Islamic New Year - The Shi’ah Observance of Muharram MILESTONES - Early Life– Aqiqah (Name giving ceremony) - Marriage– polygamy (controversial) - Divorce– last resort - Death– buried same day Sacred texts –what are they? What’s the difference between them? HADITH - another important collection of teachings - sayings of Muhammad used to guide decisions and actions THE SUNNAH - The rules and regulations of Muslim life. - The ways by which Islamic Belief and practice are regulated Ka’bah, Hajj - Ka’bah- cube shaped building that was built by Abraham to honour God - Viewed as Abraham’s original place of worship - Was filled with idols as people in Arabia followed polytheism - Muhammad - received revelations that led to Islam and monotheism (and removal of idols) - Site of hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca Divisions of Islam - Sunni - Sunnis are the orthodox muslims. - They follow original tenets of islam known as “sunnah” which means “habit or usual practice” - They make up 90% of muslims worldwide - Sunnis in lebanon date back to the arab conquest of the 7th century - Shi’ah - are descendants of the followers of Ali, muhammad’s son in law. - They believe he should have been the heir of the muslim dynasty but was murdered in years following the death of muhammad. - Their interpretation of the qu’ran differs from that of the sunnis. - Sufi - Their goal is to develop spirituality, both inwardly and outwardly, in order to discover the reality of God. - There is an emphasis on sincerity and excellence, performing prayers and meditations. - To develop a constant and deep concentration, the Sufis play Sufi music, chanting the name of God over and over again, or dancing. - Sufis exist in both the Sunnis and Shi’ah traditions. Views on equality, women’s rights, war, jihad EQUALITY - Everyone is equal - Peace WOMEN'S RIGHTS - According to Qur’an, men and women are equal before God WAR - Islam permits fighting in self defense, in defense of religion, or on the part of those who have been expelled forcibly from their homes - Strict rules for combat, which includes prohibitions against harming civilians and against destroying crops, trees and livestock JIHAD - Jihad means to strive, struggle and exert effort. - This concept includes: - struggle against evil inclinations within oneself - struggle to improve quality of life in society - struggle in the battlefield for self defense or fighting against tyranny or oppression - here is no such thing as “holy war” in Islam, but it is the frequent repetition in the West that many people T accept it as if it were a fact. Dresscode - Islam expects both men and women to be decently dressed because they are the best creatures of God. - Men are expected to cover their body from their navel to their knees - They should not wear cloth such as silk or clothes with gold (it may make them too proud) - Women are expected to cover her whole body (except for the face, hands and feet) - Women may not wear skin-tight clothes or anything that reveals their figure Dietary laws / Haram - Pork and anything related is forbidden. - Ex. bacon, ham or any by-products containing pig fat (lard). - Camels and horses may not be eaten, whole chicken and beef are allowed. - Meat must be slaughtered according to the halal tradition. (an animal must be killed so that the blood is removed in a special way. When the animal is killed the butcher says bismillah (in the name of allah)) - It is haram if the animal is killed without following the rules of halal. - Eating animal fat or any products made with animal fat or cooked in animal fat is haram. - Alcohol is haram which is why it is banned in muslim countries. - No games of chance are allowed (lotteries, bingos, gambling or any kind etc). - Smoking is NOT haram, but is discouraged because it harms the body and muslims believe that it is wrong to harm anything that Allah created. Bible vs. Qur’an - The Quran strictly emphasizes the oneness of God and rejects any form of division or association with God (Tawhid). In contrast, Christianity, as reflected in the Bible, embraces the doctrine of the Trinity, which describes God as three persons in one essence: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit. - Both the Quran and the Bible are monotheistic texts, affirming the belief in one God.
