Week Three Information Systems PDF

11/12/2024, 16:49 OneNote Week three Sunday 8 December 2024 5:14 p.m. 📌 system; a set of elements or Co,polenta that interact to accomplish goals. Characteristics of a syst...

11/12/2024, 16:49 OneNote Week three Sunday 8 December 2024 5:14 p.m. 📌 system; a set of elements or Co,polenta that interact to accomplish goals. Characteristics of a system; ○ Takes inputs, transforms them and produces outputs ○ A system exists but is separate from an environment ○ Has sub-sections ○ Used feedback from its environment for control 📌 information system;a set of interrelated elements or components that collect(input), manipulate(process) and disseminate(output) data and info and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective Systematic model of a information system; Feedback ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬆️ Input ➡️ processing ➡️ output 📌 input; gathering and capturing data Input devices; mice, keyboards microphones 📌 processing; converting/transforming data into useful outputs 📌 output; useful information (usually on the form of documents/reports) Information systems are composed of 6 equally important components; ○ Hardware - monitors, printers etc - all work together to accept, process, show data and info ○ Software - software/manuals that support them ○ Data - facts used by programs to produce useful info ○ Telecommunications/networks - electric transmission of signals for communications - enables businesses to link computers into effective networks ○ People - manage, run, program and maintain the system ○ Procedures - stratatgies, policies, methods and rules for using the system Procedures are to people what software is to hardware Types of information systems 1. Transactional processing system TPS; system that collects, stores, modifies and retrieved data eg payroll Worker level Data lifeline of a company Link between organisation and external entities (suppliers, distributors, customers) 6 steps; 1. Data entry 2. Validation 3. Data processing 4. Storage 5. Output generation 6. Query support 2. Management information system MIS; uses data collected by the transaction processing system and uses this data to create reports in a way that managers can use it to make routine business decisions in response to problems eg annual budgeting report Typically little analytical capacity Middle management level 3. Decision support system (DSS); interactive computer based system or subsystem intended to help decision makers use communications, technologies, data etc to identify and solve problem and make decisions Any computer application that enhances a person/groups ability to make decisions Senior management level 4. Executive support systems(ESS); addresses non-routine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation and insight as there’s no procedure for a solution - incorporates external events and also draw information from internal MIS and DSS Executive level Other classifications of information systems; Expert systems (ES); knowledge-based systems that provide expert advice and act as expert consultants to users ○ One of the most common uses of expert systems is in medicine; ONOLOG system; analyses patient data to provide a reference for doctors, and help for the choice of prescription and follow-up of chemotherapy Knowledge management systems; knowledge based systems that support the creation, knowledge, organisation and dissemination of business knowledge within the enterprise Strategic information systems; support operations/management processes that provide a firm with strategic products, services and capabilities for competitive advantage Functional business systems; support a variety of operational and managerial applications of the basic business functions of a company Information management strategy helps the business in so many ways (The ways it helps are so basic/logical - no need to learn - that’s why they not written - week 3, lecture 1, slide 21) Benefits of information systems Information systems allow businesses to; Gather large amounts of data quickly, easily and reliably https://ulcampus-my.sharepoint.com/:o:/r/personal/24430455_studentmail_ul_ie/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7BFE236E87-93F9-41E5-8545-702424EA… 1/3 11/12/2024, 16:49 OneNote Store and organise data Manipulate data quickly, accurately and consistently Retrieve and communicate info in different ways Enforce business rules 📌 information management; the collection and management of information from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences Objective is to help organisations/individuals to get access to info they need so that they can use it effectively snd efficiently to add value to the organisation Computer hardware essentials 📌 computer; electronic device that can perform a variety of operations in accordance with a set of instructions 📌 computer hardware; physical parts/components of a computer 📌 computer Software; part of a computer system that consists of data/computer instructions Motherboard Main component of a computer system Board with integrate circuitry that connects the other parts of the computer Central processing unit(CPU); the control centre of a computer (brain of the computer) It is comprised of; Arithmetic and logic unit(ALU) Control unit (CU) Registers Computer Speed is measured in Hertz Storage is measured in bites 📌 Bus ;A communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, the mediums(wire, optical fibre etc) and the protocols Connects the CPU, Main memory etc Input devices CPU Main memory. Output devices ⬇️. ⬆️ ⬇️. ⬇️ ⬆️. ⬆️ ————————————-Bus ——————————————- 📌 memory; of a computer system is used to store data during processing time 2 types of memeory; Primary memory(Main memory) 4 main types Registers Random access memory (RAM) - contents lost when device is powered off Cache memory Read only memory (ROM) - contents retained even when device is powered off Secondary memory Used to store data permanently Usb keys, cds etc Storage devices; store large amounts of non-volatile data 3 main types; Block storage devices Hard disk Optical storage devices CD/DVD Flash storage devices USB keys 📌 expansion card; a printed circuit board (PSB) that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard/backplane to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus 📌 embedded system; microprocessor/micorcontroller based system designed to perform a specific task Eg fire alarm - embedded system - will sense only smoke https://ulcampus-my.sharepoint.com/:o:/r/personal/24430455_studentmail_ul_ie/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7BFE236E87-93F9-41E5-8545-702424EA… 2/3