Human Anatomy PDF

Human Anatomy Introduction to Human Anatomy, Terminology, and Body Plan Dr. Fatima Aljamal Levels of Organization Human System  Anatomical position The classic anatomical position looks at the body standing up from the front. The legs are extended wi...

Human Anatomy Introduction to Human Anatomy, Terminology, and Body Plan Dr. Fatima Aljamal Levels of Organization Human System  Anatomical position The classic anatomical position looks at the body standing up from the front. The legs are extended with the feet parallel to each other and the palms of the hands are turned outward Anatomical position: body is erect, feet together, palms face forward and the thumbs point away from the body. Directional Terms  Directional Terms Superior: means the part is above another or closer to the head (cranial). Vs. Inferior: means the part is below another or towards the feet (caudal). Anterior: means towards the front (the eyes are anterior to the brain) - [ventral]. Vs. Posterior: means toward the back (the pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity) - [dorsal]. Medial: relates to the imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves (the nose is medial to the eyes). Vs. Lateral: means to words the side to the imaginary midline (the ears are lateral to the eyes).  Directional Terms Ipsilateral: the same side (the spleen and descending colon are ipsilateral ). Vs. Contralateral: Refers to the opposite side (the spleen and gallbladder are contralateral ). Proximal: describes a part closer to the trunk of the body or closer to another specified point of reference than another part (the elbow is proximal to the wrist). Vs. Distal: means that a particular body part is farther from the trunk or farther from another specified point of reference than another part (fingers are distal to the wrist). Superficial: means situated near the surface. Peripheral also means outward or near the surface. Vs. Deep: is used to describe more internal parts. Directional Terms Regional Terms  Body Planes and Section Body planes are imaginary, flat, and slice through areas of the body. They are used to locate structures, lesions, or injuries. The body is always represented in the Anatomical Position. There are three main body planes each of which cuts right through the middle of the body from different directions  Body Planes and Section Frontal Plane: separates the body into front and back. Sagittal Plane: separates the body into left and right. Transverse Plane: separates the body into upper and lower Body Planes and Section Body Planes and Section Body Planes and Section Body Planes and Section Body Cavities