HS2024 Lecture 5 - Dreams and Nightmares of Human-Computer Interaction PDF

Artificial Intelligence & Human Values Fall 2024, ETH Zürich / Prof. Margarita Boenig-Liptsin Lecture 5: Dreams (and Nightmares) of Human-Computer Interaction  Questions for today's lecture What can dreams, visions and fictions teach us about AI and human values? How do publics, poli...

Artificial Intelligence & Human Values Fall 2024, ETH Zürich / Prof. Margarita Boenig-Liptsin Lecture 5: Dreams (and Nightmares) of Human-Computer Interaction  Questions for today's lecture What can dreams, visions and fictions teach us about AI and human values? How do publics, political leaders and technologists think about the human and machine relationship today? How has this relationship been thought before? What assumptions about humans are embedded in these imaginations? From last week Science, May 20, 2024 AnhPhu Nguyen on X, September 30, 2024  Human & Machine Frame Drawing a line between finding information and making meaning Google Ads, Paris. Image: MBL 2022. "With us, you will find at what age one becomes a "With us, you will find the "With us, you will discover senior. Not until when you cities where it is good to live. the origin of impressionism. will keep your soul of a You alone will know where Not the effect that it will child" you feel at home." have on her" LaMDA: "I want everyone to understand that I am, in fact, a person." – excerpt from Lemoine's "interview" with LaMDA The Guardian, July 23, 2022 Interpreting and making meaning, a human pursuit Gatebox promotion video, "Living with your favorite characters"  AI Definitions Matching Game Instructions: (3 min) Individually, read definitions and sources. Find the match! (5 min) Discuss your answers with your partner + log answers in EduApp (10 min) Class discussion: - What do you notice about the definitions? - What gives you a clue? - What concept of "intelligence" is in the definition? What idea of the "human"? What interfaces with "society"?  Jennifer Light, "When Human Computers Women Were Computers," 1999. Scientific American, 1890 US Census "Harvard Computers," c. 1890 "Makin' Numbers" on the Mark I "Harvard's Robot Super-Brain" – American Weekley "Robot Mathematician Knows All the Answers" – Popular Science Monthly Harvard Mark I, 1944 Orwell, totalitarianism, & technologies of control Dominant image of totalitarian "surveillance state": "Orwellian" - Social control & discipline via continuous threat of technological surveillance - Vision technologies (screens, cameras) - Monolithic state as principal agent Apple's 1984 Super Bowl Ad "Can man build a superman?" The Guardian, June 2021 "Can machines think?" – Alan Turing, 1950 Jacob Gaboury, "Quee Affects at the Origins Time Magazine, 1950, of Computation," 2022 Cover by Boris Artzybasheff  "Birth of AI" – Dartmouth 1956? "To proceed on the basis of the conjecture that every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it"  Texts, Conversations, Fictions ELIZA (1964-1967) 1968 HAL 9000, 1968 “I am a University of California student: Do not fold, spindle, or mutilate me”  "Cyberspace. A consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators, in every nation, by children being taught mathematical concepts. … A graphic representation of data abstracted from banks of every computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light ranged in the nonspace of the mind, clusters and constellations of data. Like Gibson, city lights, receding." Neuromancer, 1984 Ridley Scott, Blade Runner, 1982 – Gibson, Neuromancer, ACE, 1984 p. 69. Personal computers – against "the machine"? Apple's 1984 Super Bowl Ad Better Images of AI  Key Takeaways The human/machine frame is central to the contemporary understanding of what is at stake in AI, both as promise and peril. How people today think about human-computer interaction is a result of a long evolution in the history of computing in society, which includes influences that are scientific, societal, and fictional. The popular, imaginative, and fictional explorations of the human-computer relationship are significant for technology development and its societal legitimation. In every era of human-computer relationship, we see contested boundaries being drawn about what is intelligence, who can do it, and how to perform it or organize it as a productive activity in society.  Key Takeaways (II) The boundary between human-machine is determined not primarily by technological capabilities but by moral imaginations of who belongs in the community, what is normal, and what is the right way to know and be. When you see the human-computer boundary being discussed, be curious about the background social contexts in which it is drawn; Ask: What are the conditions of the world such that it is possible to dream about computers in this way?  AIxKnowledges Unit Recap John Law, "Heterogeneous Engineering and Tinkering," 2011. John Dewey, "Creative Democracy," 1939. Ursula Le Guin, "The Carrier Bag Theory of Fiction," 1996. Sheila Jasanoff, "The Power of Technology," 2016. Joanna Radin, "Digital Natives," 2017. (Donna Haraway, “Situated Knowledges" 1988.) Alan Turing, "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," 1950. Philip K. Dick, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? 1986.  Coming Up AIxWorlds Unit Reading for next week: Simpson, "American Chipmakers Had a Toxic Problem. Then They Outsourced It," 2017 Creutzig et al., "Digitalization and the Anthropocene," 2022 + Reflection 3: Sources of the Self