Northwestern University History of Architecture 02 PDF

17/10/2024 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NWU NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Northwestern University ARCHITECTURE History of Architecture 02 http://my.nwu.edu.ph/a...

17/10/2024 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NWU NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Northwestern University ARCHITECTURE History of Architecture 02 http://my.nwu.edu.ph/architecture/intro Chapter 05 Baroque & Rococo Architecture Topics: Man and His Emotions: Baroque and Rococo Architecture 1  17/10/2024 NWU ARKI HOA 2 Re-Cap What period of Italian Renaissance? The REBIRTH Revival of Classical Elements I. Renaissance Architecture “Elegant & A. Italian Renaissance Harmonious” B. French Renaissance C. German Renaissance Name atleast 1 iconic D. English Renaissance building of Renaissance E. Renaissance of Other Architecture European Nation NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century Transitioning Renaissance 2  17/10/2024 NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century Transitioning Renaissance Baroque The word "Baroque" originates from the Portuguese word "barroco," which means a "rough or irregularly shaped pearl." “Dramatic and Exuberant” “The architecture of Curves” ▪ Curved Lines and Surfaces ▪ Grandiose Scale ▪ Ornate Decoration ▪ Dramatic Use of Light and Shadow ▪ Centralized Planning ▪ Integration of Interior and Exterior Spaces ▪ Dynamic Spatial Composition ▪ Theatricality ▪ Use of Colonnades and Pilasters ▪ Monumental Staircases NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century Transitioning Renaissance 3  17/10/2024 NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century The Architecture of Curves ▪ Baroque architecture originated in Rome towards the end of the 16th century. It was closely tied to the Catholic Church's efforts during the Counter-Reformation to reassert its dominance through art and architecture. The style emerged as a response to the disintegration of the Renaissance's harmonious and static ideals, reflecting a new focus on dynamic movement, contrast, and dramatic expression. Architectural Style and Character: ▪ Baroque architecture is characterized by its systematic and dynamic approach. It emphasizes centralized planning, with buildings often having a dominant focal point, such as a dome or monumental façade. The style is known for its grandiose use of space, integration of interior and exterior environments, and the creation of vivid, persuasive visual experiences. Baroque architecture also features ornate decorations, complex spatial compositions, and a strong interaction between buildings and their surroundings, all aimed at engaging the viewer and evoking an emotional response. NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century The Architecture of Curves Source: https://architectureofcities.com/baroque-architecture 4  17/10/2024 NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century The Architecture of Curves Source: https://architectureofcities.com/baroque-architecture NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century The Architecture of Curves ▪ Notable Architects: Domenico Fontana: ▪ Architect of the grand urban transformation plan of Rome under Pope Sixtus V, which included the creation of wide, straight streets connecting key religious sites. Gian Lorenzo Bernini: ▪ Known for his work on St. Peter's Basilica and the creation of the monumental Piazza San Pietro, which symbolizes the Church's embrace. Francesco Borromini: ▪ Innovator in Baroque architecture, famous for his complex and imaginative designs, such as San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome. Pietro da Cortona: ▪ An influential Baroque architect and painter, known for the Palazzo Barberini in Rome. 5  17/10/2024 NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century Baroque Architecture: Notable Examples St. Peter's Basilica and Piazza San Pietro (Rome): The culmination of Baroque architectural principles, with its grand dome, expansive piazza, and dynamic spatial organization. NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century Baroque Architecture: Notable Examples San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (Rome): A masterpiece by Borromini, showcasing the use of curves, contrasts, and an innovative oval plan. 6  17/10/2024 NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century Baroque Architecture: Notable Examples Palazzo Barberini (Rome): An example of the Baroque synthesis of architecture, landscape, and interior space, reflecting the grandeur and complexity of the style. NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century Baroque Architecture: Notable Examples Versailles (France): While primarily Classical, Versailles embodies Baroque principles in its vast scale, axial planning, and interaction with the surrounding landscape. 7  17/10/2024 NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century Baroque Architecture: Notable Examples Madonna dei Monti, Rome: (L) ▪ Designed by Giacomo della Porta, combining a longitudinal plan with a dome. S. Andrea della Valle, Rome: (R) ▪ Initiated by Giacomo della Porta, with a longitudinal plan and strong vertical integration. NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century Baroque Architecture: Notable Examples S. Andrea al Quirinale, Rome: (L) ▪ Designed by Gianlorenzo Bernini, featuring a transverse oval plan. S. Maria della Salute, Venice: (R) ▪ Designed by Baldassare Longhena, with an octagonal plan. 8  17/10/2024 NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century Baroque Architecture: Notable Examples S. Carlo ai Catinari, Rome: ▪ Designed by Rosato Rosati, with a S. Maria in Campitelli, Rome: centralized plan and strong vertical axis. ▪ A church with a bi-axial hall and a rhetorical façade. NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century Baroque Architecture: Notable Examples S. Maria Maggiore, Cappella Paolina, Rome: ▪ A chapel with rich Baroque decoration SS. Luca e Martina, Rome: ▪ Designed by Pietro da Cortona, with a Greek cross plan and central dome. 9  17/10/2024 NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century Baroque Architecture: Notable Examples S. Maria dei Miracoli, Piazza del Popolo, Rome: (Above) ▪ Designed by Carlo Rainaldi, with a circular plan. ▪ Dome des Invalides, Paris: (L) ▪ Designed by Jules Hardouin-Mansart, with a centralized plan. NWU ARKI HOA 2 Baroque; 16th-18th Century Baroque Architecture: Notable Examples Source: History of World Architecture Christian Norberg-Schulz Baroque Architecture 10  17/10/2024 NWU ARKI HOA 2 Rococo; Early 18th-Late 18th Century Transitioning Renaissance Rococo The term "Rococo" comes from the French word rocaille, which refers to the shell-covered rock work that was used to decorate artificial grottoes “ornate, light, and playful design” Rococo interiors are often associated with golden tones because of the extensive use of gilding as a decorative technique ▪ Sinuous Frontages and Broken Curves ▪ Over-ornamentation ▪ Columns and Pediments ▪ Strained Originality NWU ARKI HOA 2 Rococo; Early 18th-Late 18th Century Transitioning Renaissance Catherine Palace, Russia Helblinghaus, Innsbruck. Austria. 11  17/10/2024 NWU ARKI HOA 2 Rococo; Early 18th-Late 18th Century Rococo Style Architectural Character Rococo architecture is characterized by its playful, ornate, and often ▪ The Rococo style, emerged in the 17th chaotic use of classical elements. Key features include: century as a reaction against the highly systematized classical style Sinuous Frontages and Broken Curves: that dominated the Renaissance. It ▪ Both in plan and elevation, buildings often featured flowing lines developed as an "anarchical reaction" and irregular shapes. to the structured and formal Over-ornamentation: elements of the classical tradition. ▪ Interiors were lavishly decorated with intricate, often exaggerated Unlike the early Renaissance, which details, including gilded elements, sculptured figures in contorted mixed forms innovatively as the style postures, and excessive use of ornamental motifs. was developing, Rococo represented a Columns and Pediments: more extravagant and exaggerated ▪ Columns were frequently placed in front of pilasters, with cornices use of Renaissance features, often breaking around them. Pediments were often broken and curved, straying into the realm of excess and and large scrolls and twisted columns became common. ornamental complexity. Strained Originality: ▪ The style often emphasized originality to the point of being overly ornate and lacking in harmony or suitability, with a focus on creating visual impact rather than functional coherence. NWU ARKI HOA 2 Rococo; Early 18th-Late 18th Century Rococo Style Key Architects and Notable Examples: Several architects were instrumental in the development and propagation of the Rococo style: Carlo Maderno (1556-1639): ▪ Known for his work on S. Maria della Vittoria in Rome, a key example of Rococo architecture with its elaborate and ornate interior. Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1589-1680): ▪ Although primarily known for his Baroque works, Bernini's later works, such as elements of S. Agnese in Agone in Rome, display Rococo tendencies. Francesco Borromini (1599-1667): ▪ Borromini is another prominent figure associated with the Rococo style, known for his work on S. Agnese in Agone and various other churches in Rome. 12  17/10/2024 NWU ARKI HOA 2 Rococo; Early 18th-Late 18th Century Rococo Style S. Maria della Vittoria, Rome: S. Agnese in Agone, Rome: European Jesuit Churches: ▪ Designed by Carlo Maderno, this ▪ A significant work by Borromini, The Rococo style was widely church is a prime example of showcasing the Rococo style's adopted by Jesuit architects, who Rococo excess, with its lavish characteristic use of curves, favored its modern and expressive interior decoration. ornamentation, and intricate character, leading to its spread detailing. across Italy and the rest of Europe. NWU ARKI HOA 2 Moving Forward to Chapter 6 Next Topic….. Man and the State: Architecture during the growth of the European States: The Industrial Revolution 13  17/10/2024 -end of slide- Prepared by: Ar. Emerson V. 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