HN204 Lecture 13 2023 PDF

HN204 Systems Human Anatomy – Lecture 13 Peripheral Nervous System: Cranial Nerves and Special Senses © Professor Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2023)  Intended Learning Outcomes – Lecture 13 By the end of this lecture and related independent study you should be able to:...

HN204 Systems Human Anatomy – Lecture 13 Peripheral Nervous System: Cranial Nerves and Special Senses © Professor Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2023)  Intended Learning Outcomes – Lecture 13 By the end of this lecture and related independent study you should be able to: Define, Identify, Describe, Spell, Determine the Function (when relevant) and Relationships Among: autonomic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, motor nerve, sensory nerve, somatic, visceral, sympathetic ganglion, cranial nerve, olfactory n., optic n., oculomotor n., trochlear n., trigeminal n., abducens n., facial, n., vestibulocochlear n., glossopharyngeal n., vagus n., (spinal) accessory n., hypoglossal n., Additionally: Know Roman numerals from one to twelve (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII) Describe and label the cranial nerves from where they originate on the brainstem to what they supply to the level of lecture content Be able to describe or identify cranial nerves either by name, Roman numeral, function or location Evaluate the twelve cranial nerves and be able to describe specifics about how each nerve contributes to sensory information (if it does). If it doesn’t, be able to describe the motor function of the nerve. Explore to at least the depth of your textbook at LEAST one of what interests you: vision, smell, taste, hearing, or balance/orientation and be able to describe the anatomy and any physiology (IN YOUR OWN WORDS) and why it interests you personally. *Please note if you study in a group and develop study notes for this ILO, that if asked you will be required to paraphrase the notes so that it is in your own words. Same or too similar answers are subject to further investigation re: WLU policy 12.2.  Dr. Monaghan’s 12-Step Version of the Chicken Dance © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2023)  Cranial Nerve Mnemonics Mnemonic for NERVE NAMES: Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final, Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly! © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022)  Cranial Nerve Mnemonics Mnemonic for NERVE FUNCTION: Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big “Brains” Mean More Cranial Nerves Nerve Name Nerve Function Foramina They Exit © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022) CN I CN II CN III CN IV CN V CN VI CN VII CN VIII CN IX CN X CN XI CN XII Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Mean More Silly In Carl Only Swims South. Roger Swims Infinity Jacuzzis. Jane Just Hitchhikes. Stylish Only CN I CN II CN III CN IV CN V CN VI CN VII CN VIII CN IX CN X CN XI CN XII Trigeminal Vestibulo- Glosso- Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Abducens Facial Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal V1 Ophthalmic cochlear pharyngeal V2 Maxillary V3 Mandibular Sensory Sensory Motor Motor Both Motor Both Sensory Both Both Motor Motor V1: Superior Into skull via: Internal Orbital Foramen Acoustic Fissure Jugular magnum Meatus Jugular Superior Superior Superior Internal Foramen Cribriform Foramen Hypoglossal Optic Canal Orbital Orbital V2: Foramen Orbital Acoustic Exit: Jugular Plate and Canal Fissure Fissure Rotundum Fissure Meatus (Between Foramen (Between (Sphenoid Occipital and (Ethmoid Stylomastoid Occipital and (Occipital bone) (Sphenoid (Sphenoid V3: Foramen (Sphenoid (Temporal Temporal (Between bone) Foramen Temporal bone) bone) bone) Ovale bone) bone) bones) Occipital and bones) Temporal (Temporal (Sphenoid bones) bone) bone)  Cranial Nerve Mnemonics Mnemonic for FORAMEN or FORAMINA they Exit: Silly Roger Only Swims Carl Only Swims South. In Stylish Infinity Jacuzzis. Jane Just Hitchhikes. © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022)  Dr. Monaghan’s 12-Step Version of the Chicken Dance © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022)  CN I Olfactory The olfactory nerve does not connect to the brainstem. Sensory Cribriform Plate (Ethmoid bone) © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022)  © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD CN II (2022) Optic Nerve fibers originating on the right half of EACH retina, synapse with Sensory nuclei in the lateral geniculate nucleus on the right and conduct impulses to the right visual cortex. Likewise, on the left. Optic Canal (Sphenoid bone) The optic nerve becomes the optic tract posterior to the optic chiasma.  * Moves ALL extrinsic muscles of the CN III eye (except for two). Remembering that you had two extrinsic eye muscles to know in your ILOs, do you know what muscles are Oculomotor NOT supplied by CN III? Motor Superior Orbital Fissure (Sphenoid bone) © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022)  CN IV “Trochlea” = resembling the shape of a pully. Action of the superior oblique: abduction, internal rotation (intorsion) and depression. Trochlear © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022) Motor Superior Orbital Fissure (Sphenoid bone)  CN V CN V is a significant nerve related to dentistry, migraines, etc. Trigeminal V1 Ophthalmic V2 Maxillary V3 Mandibular Both V1: Superior Orbital Fissure V2: Foramen Rotundum V3: Foramen Ovale (Sphenoid bone) © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022) Cutaneous supply exits: supraorbital foramen, infraorbital foramen and mental foramen  CN VI Mnemonic: (SO4LR6)3 From the neurologist who taught me neuroanatomy: “A recipe for a romantic evening: 4 Smoked Oysters & Abducens 6 Longstem Roses” Motor © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022) Superior Orbital Fissure (Sphenoid bone)  CN VII Supplies the muscles of facial expression, anterior two- thirds of the tongue Facial Both © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022) Internal Acoustic Meatus and Stylomastoid Foramen (Temporal bone)  CN VIII The Vestibulocochlear Nerve is named after its branches: 1. Vestibular branch (balance/equilibrium) 2. Cochlear branch (hearing) Vestibulocochlear Sensory © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022) Internal Acoustic Meatus (Temporal bone)  CN IX © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022) Glossopharyngeal Both Supplies the parotid salivary gland, elevates the pharynx during swallowing and participates in the receiving of information that initiates the gag reflex. The gag reflex though Jugular Foramen occurs via the vagus nerve. (Between Occipital Also provides visceral sensation and Temporal bones) including baroreceptors of carotid sinus (blood pressure), and chemoreceptors of carotid body.  © Dr. Richelle CN X Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022) Vagus Both (Some) Functions of the Vagus Nerve: Visceral sensory information from receptors in the esophagus, respiratory tract, abdominal viscera and large intestine. Jugular Foramen (Between Occipital Motor that affects heart, smooth and Temporal muscles and glands within areas bones) monitored by sensory fibers including respiratory tract, stomach, intestines and gallbladder  CN XI Previously known as the Spinal Accessory nerve, this nerve is “the Pluto of Cranial Nerves” (just like if Pluto deserved planetary status). There has been Accessory much debate if it deserves the classification as a cranial nerve since it originates from the spinal cord. Motor The Accessory nerve supplies motor to the sternocleidomastoid Into skull via: muscle, and upper Foramen magnum trapezius muscle. Exit: Jugular Foramen (Between Occipital and Temporal © Dr. Richelle bones) Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022)  CN XII Motor supply to muscles of the tongue. © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022) Hypoglossal Motor Clinically, if someone sticks their tongue out, the tongue will “point to the side” with the lesion. What this means is if there is damage to the right Hypoglossal Canal hypoglossal nerve, the tongue will deviate to the (Occipital bone) right (when sticking the tongue out).  Brainstem Origins of Cranial Nerves CN I: Does not connect to the brainstem CN II: at optic chiasm CN III: the anterior midbrain CN IV: posterior midbrain, inferior to colliculi CN V: anterolateral pons (large) CN VI: anteriorly at pons/medulla connection CN VII: laterally at pons/medulla connection CN VIII: just posterior to CN VII CN IX: anterioinferior to CN VII CN X: inferior to IX CN XI: from spinal cord rootlets of C1-C5 CN XII: anterior medulla © Dr. Richelle Monaghan, PhD, EdD (2022)