History of Architecture PDF

What Is architecture and where originally come from the word of architecture? Architecture is the art and science of building. Originated from the Greek word Architekton Archi – great tekton – builder. Primary elements of architecture are: Point, zero dimension indicates position in space. Line, fi...

What Is architecture and where originally come from the word of architecture? Architecture is the art and science of building. Originated from the Greek word Architekton Archi – great tekton – builder. Primary elements of architecture are: Point, zero dimension indicates position in space. Line, first point extended becomes a line. Plane, second line extended becomes a plane. What jobs can architects do? Planning, designing new building and managing open spaces or adapting existing ones. Who was the first architecture in the world? Historians known imhotep who lived around 2600 Bc was the first architecture in the world, he designed first Egyptian pyramid. What is the difference between architecture and civil engineering? To summarize, architecture's primary concern is designing the development work while civil engineering's responsibility is ensuring that the design can be implemented in a safe and reliable. Is architecture a good career? Yes, it is a good career, Architects are the real creators of amazing buildings and structures.  History of architecture: The study of architectural history relates to the study of people. It is also the study of the needs. Architecture communicates to the community the meaning of their actions as well as How their actions relate to the human and material. Architecture is also about understanding a world view The study of history of architecture plays a role in education, one of the functions of history is to help us to live in a large sense. The Roman writer Vitruvius created the first architectural treatise for Western Architecture known as the “Ten Books on Architecture”. He defined three essential components for a building to be deemed as Architecture: ▪ firmness ( a building is dangerous without structure). ▪ Commodity ( material, choosing appropriate materials). ▪ Delight ( beauty). The study of the history of architecture within Western Civilizations can be broken down into seven basic general periods. Each period represents a style or combination of styles that have been developed from the previous period. ✓First period: ancient world, Egyptian, Grecian and roman. ✓Second period: early Christian architecture and byzantine. ✓Third period: Romanesque and gothic. ✓Fourth period: Renaissance. ✓Fifth period: Baroque.(Rococo Mannerism Georgian) ✓Sixth period: Eighteen century and Nineteen Century. ✓Seventh period: twenty century and 21th century.  Ancient architecture: Pre-history referring to the time before people recorded history in writing. This is the longest period in the past. History is the period of recorded events of man, The history of the world is the memory of the past experience around the world. Architectural character Materials: Animal skins, wooden frames, animal bones construction system: Existing or excavated caves Megalithic, most evident in France, England and Ireland. Early people were used mostly three types of dwelling: Caves or rocks for those in hunting or fishing. Huts for agriculture. Tent for those such as shepherds. Land forms and temporary settlements were created by physical labor required to clear and establishing a setting for construction. human imagination and efforts were used to create monumental architecture. This was a time when day to day survival was arduous and uncertain. Early monumental structures were developed for purposes of worship and religious belief functions such as shrines. As early as 7000 B.C., Neolithic man learned to farm, domesticate animals, make pottery for storage and make cloth for clothing. These developments allowed for the organization of permanent settlements and structures. Mankind developed a complex social structure within the communities. Craft systems along with trading economies, self-contained within each settlement, were created. Early vernacular domestic buildings focused on protection from enemies and the elements. Living environments were one storey mud-shaped brick dwellings containing two rooms; one for living space and the other for storage. Entrance locations and the exhaust chimney used the same hole through the roof system. These dwellings contained no windows at the ground level. The lack of easy access made the dwellings quite defensible and secure. Catal hayuk settlement(6,000b.c) The principle mode of construction for the monumental structures was MEGALITHIC. This definition is derived from Latin: “mega” meaning “great”, “lithos” to indicate “stone”. The structures were made with huge stone blocks stacked and assembled in precise structural arrangements without the use of mortar. These structures were possible through the abundant availability of three key components: labor, material and time. The best known example of this period is Stonehenge located in Salisbury Plain, England. Additional sites and assemblies similar to this type are located throughout Europe dating from the same period. These monuments include land forms, burial chambers and tombs as well as religious structures. Stone henge in England