Conveyors System PDF

BASIC PRINCIPLE IN BUILDING CONVEYING SYSTEMS Group 10 Members: Dolot, Leunel A. Lotino, John Edward P. Sabawil, Hazel ann G.  BASIC PRINCIPLES IN BUILDING CONVEYING SYSTEM Elevators were first used in the 1600s for lifting freight using simple hoists. In 1852, Elisha Otis invented the saf...

BASIC PRINCIPLE IN BUILDING CONVEYING SYSTEMS Group 10 Members: Dolot, Leunel A. Lotino, John Edward P. Sabawil, Hazel ann G.  BASIC PRINCIPLES IN BUILDING CONVEYING SYSTEM Elevators were first used in the 1600s for lifting freight using simple hoists. In 1852, Elisha Otis invented the safety elevator, which used a device to prevent the elevator from falling if the cable broke. This innovation ensured safety and made elevators suitable for passengers, enabling the construction of skyscrapers. ELEVATORS Elevator Technologies Basic Components of an Elevator System Classifications of Elevators Elevators Design and Criteria  ELEVATOR TECHNOLOGIES Elevator is a conveying device used to move people or freight vertically between floors and building TWO BASIC TYPES OF ELEVATOR TECHNOLOGIES 1. Hydraulic 2. Traction 1. HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS a type of elevator that uses a hydraulic system to lift and lower the cab. It works by pumping fluid (usually oil) into a cylinder, which pushes a piston to raise the elevator. To descend, the fluid is released, and the cab lowers. VARIATIONS OF BASIC TYPE OF ELEVATORS Conventional (Holed) Hydraulic Elevator Holeless Hydraulic Elevator Roped Hydraulic Elevators CONVENTIONAL (HOLED) HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR Uses an in-ground hydraulic jack and long plunger to lift the elevator. Requires deep drilling for installation, with a plastic or metal casing. Offer the most balanced lifting with the point centered at the bottom. HOLELESS HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR Have one or two jack situated beside the rails that lift the platform Dual or two configuration have two (front and rear) entrance, and single jack configuration have one(front) entrance Called holeless since they do not require holes to be dug for the hydraulic jacks ROPED HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS Used a combination of both ropes and hydraulic power to raise and lower cars. 2. TRACTION ELEVATORS Have a drive machine with an electic motor and pully-like (grooved) drive sheave that holds cables that move the elevator car up or down 3 to 8 cables for each elevator. Most traction generally used wire ropes that are 14 to 114 inches (6 to 32mm) in diameter and are composed of multistrand soft steel wound or polymeric core Weighted to be equal to the cars dead weight plus 40% to 50% load capacity CLASSIFICATIONS OF ELEVATORS Passenger elevators - designed to carry people and small packages Freight elevators - used to carry material , goods, equipment and vehicles Dumbwaiters - used to transport lightweight freight suchas food, laundry, books, and other small items Manlift - installed in a variety of structures and locations to provide vertical transportation of authorized personnel and thier tools and equipment only TYPES AND DESIGN SPEEDS FOR ELEVATORS ARE COMPARED BELOW 4 Other System LIFT WHEELCHAIR LIFT PLATFORM LIFT STAIR & CAR LIFT WHEELCHAIR LIFT A wheelchair lift is a powered device designed to raise a wheelchair or scooter and its occupant to overcome a step or similar vertical barrier, usually 6 ft (1.8 m) or less. They often are designed to accommodate just one person in a wheelchair or scooter at a time. Commercial lifts are designed to raise a wheelchair or scooter and its occupant up to one story (about 12 ft>4 m). STAIR LIFT A stair lift will carry a user safely upstairs. To usea stair, the user sits on the lift's seat; the seat will then transfer the or downstairs user via a staircase-mounted track. up CAR LIFT A car lift is installed in small parking garages where ramps are not feasible. The platforms are raised and lowered hydraulically and are connected to steel chain gears. In addition to the vertical motion, the platforms can rotate about its vertical axis (up to 180°) to ease driver access and/or accommodate building plans. In selecting lift equipment, the building designer typically relies on specifications available from equipment suppliers PEOPLE MOVERS An automated people mover (APM) is a fully automated, grade-separated mass transit system. An APM system typically serves relatively small facilities such as airports, downtown districts, or theme parks, but is sometimes applied to considerably more complex automated systems. It may use technologies such as monorail, duorail, automated guideway transit, or magnetically levitating (maglev) method. Propulsion may involve conventional on-board electric motors, linear motors, or cable traction. APMs are common at large airports in the United States. MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT Material-handling equipment is a mechanical device used to move and store materials and goods. This equipment consists of trolleys, conveyors, forklifts, automated storage/retrieval systems, cargo and baggage handlers, carousels, rail-guided vehicles, automated guided vehicles, intelligent flexible modular conveyors, pick-and-place units, and overhead hoists and cranes. In selecting material-handling equipment, the building designer typically relies on specifications available from equipment suppliers.u PATERNOSTER A paternoster is a special type of elevator consisting of a constantly moving chain of boxes. A similar concept moves only a small platform, which the rider mounts while using a handhold and was once seen in multistory industrial plants. Passengers can step on or off at any floor they like. Today, the installation of new paternosters is no longer allowed because of to their inherent danger.