Good Governance 1st Sem Finals Reviewer PDF

1 UNIT 8 - Legal, Regulatory, and Political Issues RA 7581: Price Act of 1992 (as amended by RA 10623 of 2013) Government’s Influence on Business/Cooperative RA 7394: The Con...

1 UNIT 8 - Legal, Regulatory, and Political Issues RA 7581: Price Act of 1992 (as amended by RA 10623 of 2013) Government’s Influence on Business/Cooperative RA 7394: The Consumer Act of the Rationale for regulation Philippines of 1992 (RA 11706 of 2022: Global regulation Timbangan ng Bayan Centers in public and Costs and benefits of regulation private markets) RA 8792: Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 The Rationale for Regulation RA 9520: Cooperative Code of the Economic and competitive reasons for Philippines of 2008 regulation Global Regulation Social reasons for regulation North American Free Trade Agreement Economic and Competitive Reasons for Regulation (NAFTA) - an agreement that created a free Level the playing field trade area between the three major Trusts – are organizations generally countries in North America: the United established to gain control of a product States, Canada, and Mexico. market or industry by eliminating European Union (EU) - an international competition, which may result in a organization comprising 27 European monopoly countries and governing common Monopoly – monopoly occurs when one economic, social, and security policies business provides a good or service in a Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) - given market. is a regional economic forum established in To avoid exploitation by trust and 1989 to leverage the growing monopolies of their market dominance to interdependence of the Asia-Pacific. restrict their output and raise prices or Costs of Regulation lower quality to gain better profit To restrict destructive or unfair competition Regulations result in costs for businesses, To protect consumers from unethical consumers, and society at large business practices Direct costs of regulation are the spending pattern for administrative and staffing levels Social Reasons for Regulation of national and local regulatory agencies To avoid undesirable consequences of A burden that businesses incur in complying marketing activities for society with regulations. In response to social demands for equality Benefits of Regulation in the workplace To produce safer products Greater equality in the workplace To protect consumers and businesses due to Safer workplaces the increasing use of the internet – issues Resources for disadvantaged members of on fraud, privacy, and copyrights society Safer products Laws and Regulations More information about and greater choices RA 11232: Revised Corporation Code of the among products Philippines of 2018 Cleaner air and water  2 Preservation of wildlife habitats to ensure Characteristics of Technology that future generations can enjoy their 1. Dynamic - Constant change that often beauty and diversity challenges the structure of social Regulatory Reform institutions. 2. Reach - Broad nature of technology as it Complete deregulation or removal of all moves through society. regulatory authority – energy sector 3. Self-sustaining - Technology acts as a Self-regulation – companies regulate catalyst to spur even faster development. themselves to demonstrate social responsibity. Influence of Technology 1. New jobs 2. Better health and longer lives 3. New opportunities 4. Enrichment of lives Infuence of Technology on Society The internet Privacy Intellectual property (ideas and creative materials developed to solve problems, carry out applications, educate, and entertain others) Health and biotechnology Health and Biotechnology Government’s Approach to Legal and Ethical Bioethics – study of ethical issues in the fields of Compliance medical treatment and research, including Monitoring of consumer prices (DTI/DA) medicine, nursing, law, philosophy, and theology, Environmental, waste management, and though today medical ethics is also recognized as other regulatory compliance by companies separate discipline. (DENR) Biotechnology - The exploitation of biological ISO accreditation as a requirement for processes for industrial and other purposes, tender in government procurement especially the genetic manipulation of END OF UNIT 8 microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc. UNIT 9 – TECHNOLOGY ISSUES Genetically Modified Foods Technology - The application of knowledge, including processes and applications to solve Available genetically modified crops in the problems, perform tasks, and create new methods United States: soybeans, corn (field and to obtain desired outcomes. sweet), canola, cotton, alfalfa, sugar beets, summer squash, papaya, apples and potatoes.  3 Strategic Implementation of Responsibility for suitability for a particular purpose such as Technology drinking or swimming. 1. Role of government Land Issues 2. Role of business 1. Land pollution Strategic Technology Assessment 2. Waste management 3. Deforestation A procedure that companies can use to 4. Urban sprawl foresee the effects new products and processes will have on their operation, on Environmental Legislation other business organizations, and on society RA 9003 - Ecological Solid Waste Management Act in general. of 2000 END OF UNIT 9 RA 8749 - Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 UNIT 10 - Sustainability Issues RA 7942 - Philippine Mining Act of 1995 Sustainability - The potential for long-term well- being of the natural environment, including all RA 7586 - National Integrated Protected Areas biological entities, as well as the interaction among System Act of 1992 nature and individuals, organizations, and business RA 6969 - Toxic Substances and Hazardous and strategies. Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 Atmospheric Issues Alternative Energy 1. Atmosphere – mixture of gases around the 1. Wind power Earth 2. Geothermal power 2. Air pollution – carbon monoxide, lead, 3. Solar power nitrogen 4. Nuclear power 3. oxides, particulate matter. 5. Biofuels 4. Acid rain – results when SO2 and NOX are 6. Hydropower emitted into the atmosphere. 5. Global warming – gradual increase in Wind Power earth’s temperature due to greenhouse Wind power creates good-paying jobs effects caused by increased level of CO2, Wind power is a domestic resource CFCs and other pollutants. Wind power is a clean and renewable 6. Cap-and-trade program – sets carbon energy source emission limits for businesses, countries, or Wind power is cost-effective individuals. Wind turbines work in different settings Water Issues Geothermal Power - Considered to be a renewable 1. Water pollution – occurs when harmful and sustainable source of energy because the heat substances contaminate the bodies of extraction is small compared with the Earth’s heat water. content. 2. Water quality – is the condition of water, Solar Power - Solar technologies convert sunlight including chemical, physical, and biological into electrical energy either through photovoltaic characteristics usually with respect to its  4 (PV) panels or through mirrors that influence in the project; and determining concentrate solar radiation. how best to involve and communicate each of these stakeholder groups throughout. Nuclear Power 2. Risk analysis - The assessment process that Expensive to build identifies the potential for any adverse Low carbon energy source events that may negatively affect Accidents organizations and the environment. Produces radioactive wastes END OF UNIT 10 Biofuels UNIT 11 - Social Responsibility in a Global Liquid fuels and blending components Environment produced from biomass materials called Cultural Intelligence - The ability to interpret and feedstocks adapt successfully to different national, Most biofuels are used as transportation organizational, and professional cultures. fuels, but they may also be used for heating and electricity generation. Three Components to the Development and Use Fuel efficient, renewable, low-carbon of Cultural Intelligence emission. 1. Cognitive - Knowledge of economic, legal, Hydropower ethical, and social systems prevalent in different cultures. A renewable source of energy that 2. Motivational - Intrinsic desire to learn generates power by using a dam or about different culture & subcultures & diversion structure to alter the natural flow confidence to function effectively in of a river or other body of water. situations where differences are present. Cheapest energy source, very low direct 3. Behavioral - Ability to use appropriate emissions. verbal and nonverbal actions when Business Response to Sustainability Issues interacting with people from different cultures and subcultures. Green marketing – the process of developing and advertising products based Global Stakeholders on their real or perceived environmental 1. Employees sustainability. 2. Customers Green washing – involves misleading a 3. Shareholders consumer into thinking that a product or 4. Suppliers service is more environmentally friendly 5. Community than it is. 6. Environmental groups Recycling initiatives Fair Trade Principles High-Commitment Approaches to Environmental Issues Market access for marginalized producers Sustainable and equitable trading 1. Stakeholder analysis - A process of relationships identifying people before the project Capacity building and empowerment begins; grouping them according to their Consumer awareness raising and advocacy levels of participation, interest, and  5 Fair trade as a “social contract” Global Innovation Index (GII) - Ranking of countries based on innovation performance. Responsible Competitiveness Index (RCI) GII of Philippines Developed to offer support the proposition that increasing competitiveness can be Rank 51 among 132 countries in 2021 encouraged by corporate responsibility Rank 59 among 132 countries in 2022 practices Rank 56 among 132 countries in 2023 Helps responsible businesses improve their performance and build economic competitiveness, social progress, and sustainability Responsible Competitiveness Index (RCI) Clusters Starters (China, Cambodia, Bangladesh) Compliers (Philippines, Brazil, Indonesia) Asserters (Republic of Korea, Thailand, Malaysia) Innovators (US, Japan, Australia) Global Development Development – refers to improvement in the economic, environmental, educational, and health conditions of a country Conventional business partnerships Corporate social responsibility partnerships Corporate accountability partnerships Social economy partnerships Development efforts of countries Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Is the independent international organization that helps businesses and other organizations takes initiative responsibility for their impacts, by providing them with the global common language to communicate those impacts 1. Economic 2. Human rights 3. Labor practices 4. Environment 5. Product responsibility 6. Society