Globalization (Definition, Processes, and Impacts) PDF

GLOBALIZATION definition, processes and concepts  OBJECTIVES:  Define globalization, it’s processes, and concepts;  Examine how globalization started and how it affects us; and  Think of ways to control, and diminish of the negative effects of globalization to the exploited countrie...

GLOBALIZATION definition, processes and concepts  OBJECTIVES:  Define globalization, it’s processes, and concepts;  Examine how globalization started and how it affects us; and  Think of ways to control, and diminish of the negative effects of globalization to the exploited countries  DEFINITION: A near-term "giant corporations" was used in 1897to describe the big national trusts and other large enterprises of the time -Charles Russell Tazel “one of the most popular social studies of today, but is at the same time an empty term” -Vladislav Inosemtsev "the understanding of the world and the increased perception of the world as a whole -Roland Robertson "all those processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a single world society” -Martin Albrow and Elizabeth King "rapid global interconnection, deep and on large scale, such definition but requires now a more complex research“ -David Held  GLOBALIZATION:  can be linked to the local, the national and the regional  a connection is made between social and economic relationships and networks, organized on a local and / or national  it connects social and economic relationships and networks crystallized on wider scale the regional and global interactions  spatial-temporal processes of change, which constitutes the fundament of the transformation of human concerns in an organization, linking together and expanding human activity across regions and continents  a satisfactory definition of globalization must address each of these items: EXTENSION, INTENSITY, CELERITY AND IMPACT  Thomas Larsson, The Race to the Top: The Real Story of Globalization: globalization is the process of the shrinking of the world, the shortening of distances, and the closeness of things  In 2000 the International Monetary Fund has identified four basic aspects of globalization: (1) trade and transactions, (2)capital movements and investment, (3)migration and (4)movement of people and the spreading of knowledge PRO AND CONS ANALYSIS OF PROCESSES AND CONCEPTS Proponents of economic growth, expansion and development in general, see the globalization processes as desirable and necessary for the good of human society Critics see one or more processes of globalization as detrimental to social welfare on a global or local scale........................... KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION. Globalization is usually used as a handy form to describe the spread of communication production and connection technologies throughout the world Most often, the term globalization is used in a confusing manner with respect to the efforts of IMF, World Bank and the institutions to create a free global market for goods and services. With the increase of economic interconnection, the political changes have deepened - the poorer "peripheral" countries became more dependent of the "central" or “core” economies , such as U.S., where capital and technical expertise tend to be blocked............................ KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION CORE Powerful developed center Higher skill and capital and intensive production Military strong Western Europe, North America, Japan PERIPHERY Low skill Labor intensive production and extraction of raw materials Subordinated to the core through colonialism Weak states Africa, Asia, Middle East SEMI-PERIPHERY Less dependent on the core More diversified economies India and Brazil............................ KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION  There was also a shift of power, far away from nation states and, as some argue, from multinational corporations. We have seen the growth and globalization of the "brand" It is not just large corporations operating in several different countries - they also have developed and brought on the market products that can be sold packing as well as in Washington. Brands like Coca-Cola, Nike and many others have become part of the life of a very large number of people.  5 vectors of globalization The globalization has 5 vectors that act on human society, vectors that influence the development of human society. The vectors through which globalization interacts with society, both locally, regionally, and internationally are: the (1)economic vector, (2) the military vector, (3)the political vector, (4)the religious vector and (5) the cultural vector  IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION 1. Delocalization and over-territoriality economic activities is global - that means that there is the ability to work in union, in real-time or at a certain time, on a planetary scale. Many activities that implied prior a face-to-face interaction or had local character would now be conducted from distance. 2. The decline of the power of national governments policies everywhere are now essentially market driven. It means not only that the governments cannot "manage" national economies, but also that, in order to survive in their office, they have to increase their ability to drive national policies in such way as to be adapted to the pressures of transnational market forces 3. The emergence of global brands and institutions Multinationals can affect communities in different locations and areas. Firstly, they seek to establish or contract manufacturing, service and sales operations in countries and regions where they can exploit the cheapest labor and the cheapest resources.