PERDEV PDF - Self-Development Past Paper

Unit 1: Self-Development Lesson 1: Knowing Oneself A well-rounded self-concept incorporates both your current self-view and your Actual Self vs. Ideal Self: The actual aspirations, guiding personal growth and influencing overall well-being. self reflects your current state, while Knowi...

Unit 1: Self-Development Lesson 1: Knowing Oneself A well-rounded self-concept incorporates both your current self-view and your Actual Self vs. Ideal Self: The actual aspirations, guiding personal growth and influencing overall well-being. self reflects your current state, while Knowing oneself plays a crucial role in accepting personal strengths and the ideal self represents your limitations and in improving interactions with others. Self-awareness helps aspirations. individuals recognize their unique abilities and areas where they might need Self-Concept: A well-rounded improvement, fostering a more accurate self-assessment. self-concept incorporates both actual and ideal selves, guiding personal By understanding oneself better, you can relate more effectively to others' growth. experiences and perspectives. This self-knowledge and empathy improve how you interact with people, leading to more meaningful and supportive Self-Awareness: Recognizing unique relationships. In essence, knowing yourself allows for personal growth and abilities and areas for improvement better connections with others by accepting who you are and understanding fosters better interactions with others. others’ viewpoints. Lesson 2: Developing the Whole Person ★ Define the relationship among various aspects of development. ★ Classify personal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. ★ Show connections between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in real-life situations. Key Concepts & Holistic Development Thoughts, Feelings, Behavior (TFB) Cognitive: mental processes such as thinking, learning, Model: Understanding how thoughts understanding, and problem-solving. influence feelings and behaviors. ○ Embrace challenges for personal growth. Thoughts: What we think in response to a situation. Physiological: functioning of the body and its systems; physical health, bodily processes, and the influence of biological factors. Feelings: The emotions we experience as a ○ Nourish the body with nutritious meals and exercise. result of our thoughts. Psychological: mental and emotional processes; like emotions, Behavior: The actions we take based on our thoughts and feelings. attitudes, beliefs, and motivations. ○ Explore passions for fulfillment. Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence (ABC) Model: Focuses on external factors Social: relates to interactions and relationships with others; influencing behavior. social skills, communication, and the ability to form connections Antecedent: What happens before the Build strong connections with others. behavior; the trigger or context. Spiritual: Concerns beliefs, values, and practices that provide Behavior: The observable action or response. meaning and purpose to life, often involving a search for understanding of existence and a connection with something Consequence: What happens after the greater than oneself. behavior; the outcome or result that can reinforce/discourage the behavior. ○ Discover personal purpose and values. Mindfulness: Practices like meditation can help a person become more aware of their thoughts and emotions in the present moment. It is also a personal coping strategy. Lesson 3: Developmental Stages in Middle and Late Adolescence Developmental Tasks: Middle Adolescence (Ages 11-15): Identity exploration, Late Adolescence (Ages 16-20): emotional independence, peer relationships, body image. Career preparation, mature relationships, responsible - Developing a sense of identity: Exploring who citizenship, personal philosophy. you are, including your values, interests, and beliefs, is crucial. Trying out different styles and ❖ Be proactive: Explore different activities, volunteer, activities helps in this self-discovery process. and seek out opportunities to learn and grow. - Achieving emotional independence: Learning ❖ Set goals: Having clear goals can provide direction to manage your emotions and developing healthy coping mechanisms is essential. and motivation. - Forming strong peer relationships: Friendships ❖ Develop good habits: Prioritize healthy eating, become very important, offering a sense of exercise, and adequate sleep for optimal physical belonging and support. and mental well-being. - Developing a healthy body image: Accepting and appreciating your changing body is key. ❖ Build strong relationships: Surround oneself with positive and supportive people. Seek help when needed: Don't hesitate to ask for help when facing challenges. Lesson 4: The Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence Physical Development: Rapid changes in height, weight, and External Expectations: hormonal activity can lead to self-consciousness and body image concerns. Academic Pressure: There can be immense pressure to excel academically, choose a career path, Cognitive Development: Thinking skills become more and prepare for the future, creating stress and anxiety. advanced, with an increased ability to think abstractly, reason critically, and develop a stronger sense of identity. Family Expectations: Parents might have expectations concerning academic achievement, Emotional Development: Adolescents may experience a taking on more responsibilities, and becoming more wide range of emotions, including intense highs and lows. independent. Learning to manage these emotions is a crucial skill. Societal Expectations: Society may have Social Development: Friendships become highly important, expectations about appearance, behavior, and offering a sense of belonging and support, and adolescents may how adolescents "should" be acting, which can add to begin exploring romantic relationships. the pressure and confusion. Opening the Lines of Communication Honest Conversations with Parents: Talk to one’s parents openly about the pressure they’re feeling. Explain one’s goals and dreams, and ask for their support in achieving them, not just their expectations. Sibling Support: Reach out to one’s siblings. Explain how their actions or words make one feel, and suggest ways to connect and support each other. Teacher-Student Dialogue: Don't be afraid to talk to one’s teachers. Let them know how interested one is in learning but sometimes feel overwhelmed. A good teacher will work with their student to find a balance. Friends Who "Get You": Surround oneself with friends who appreciate them for who they are, quirks and all. Communicate one’s boundaries and be open about feeling pressured to do things one is uncomfortable with. Engaging with Community Leaders: Don't wait to be noticed. Reach out to community leaders with one’s ideas and suggestions. Show them how interested one is in being involved and making a difference. Unit 2: Aspects of Personal Development Lesson 5: Coping With Stress in Adolescence Body's Response: When a Types of Stress: Time Management: person experiences stress, their - Plan and prioritize: body releases hormones like Acute – a short-term stress triggered by Creating a schedule and adrenaline and cortisol. These specific, immediate events. Intense but to-do list can help a hormones prepare them to fight resolves quickly once the situation is person feel more or flee from danger ( over. organized and in control, "fight-or-flight" response). reducing stress. Chronic – A long-term stress from - Set realistic goals: Physical Symptoms: Stress can ongoing or repeated challenges. Don't overload yourself manifest in various physical ways, Persistent and can significantly impact with unrealistic such as increased heart rate, overall well-being. expectations. Break sweating, muscle tension, down large tasks into headaches, and stomachaches. Traumatic – Arises from experiencing smaller, manageable or witnessing a severely distressing steps. Emotional Impact: Stress can event that overwhelms a person's - Learn to say no: It's also lead to emotional responses ability to cope. okay to decline like anxiety, irritability, frustration, commitments if one is or sadness. Developmental – Refers to stress that feeling overwhelmed. arises during critical stages of growth Prioritize your well-being. Behavioral Changes: and development, affecting a person's Sometimes, stress can cause emotional and psychological growth. people to engage in unhealthy behaviors like overeating, social withdrawal, or substance use. Lesson 6: The Powers of the Mind Left Hemisphere: Right Hemisphere: Language processing, logical thinking, analytical skills, Spatial awareness, facial recognition, creativity, mathematics artistic expression, Emotions Left-brain Thinking involves a hierarchical structure, Right-brain Thinking involves a radiant structure, characterized by logical, sequential, and detail-oriented characterized by holistic and creative approaches / approaches. thinking outside the box. Mind Mapping for the Left Brained Mind Mapping for the Right Brained Central Topic in Text: Begin with a clear and concise Start with an Image: Use a central image or symbol statement in the center to define the main topic. to represent the main topic, engaging visual thinking. Branching Hierarchy: Organize subtopics logically with main Branch Out Creatively: Connect ideas with vibrant branches for primary categories and sub-branches for details. colors, shapes, and doodles, letting your imagination flow. Keywords and Definitions: Use keywords and short phrases, and add brief definitions for clarity. Non-Linear Connections: Explore unexpected connections rather than following a strict hierarchy. Numbers and Dates: Incorporate numbers, dates, or symbols to represent data or steps in a process for logical Keywords and Phrases: Use keywords and short organization. phrases instead of long sentences for quick visual recall. Examples: Ideal for outlining research papers, organizing study notes, planning presentations, or breaking down tasks. Examples: Great for brainstorming creative projects, solving problems, or visualizing complex concepts.