G10 Quarter 1 Arts 10 Modern Art PDF

# Modern Art ## Quarter 1- Arts 10 ### Impressionism: Origins of the Movement - Impressionism was an art movement that emerged in the second half of the 19th century among a group of Paris-based artists. - The Impressionist movement itself was quite short, less than 20 years from 1872 to the mid-...

# Modern Art ## Quarter 1- Arts 10 ### Impressionism: Origins of the Movement - Impressionism was an art movement that emerged in the second half of the 19th century among a group of Paris-based artists. - The Impressionist movement itself was quite short, less than 20 years from 1872 to the mid-1880s. - Impressionism had a tremendous impact and influence on painting styles that followed such as: - Neo-impressionism - Post-impressionism - Fauvism - Cubism - Artistic styles and movements of today. - **Impression, soleil levant (in English, Impression Sunrise)** was a work by French painter Claude Monet, which was the origin for the name Impressionism. - The term Impressionism precisely captured what this group of artists sought to represent in their works: the viewer's momentary "impression" of the image. - Impressionism was not intended to be clear or precise but is more like a fleeting fragment of reality caught on canvas, sometimes in mid-motion, at other times awkwardly positioned-just as it would be in real life. #### The Influence of Delacroix - Impressionism owed its inspiration to earlier masters. - One major influence was the work of French painter Eugène Delacroix. - Delacroix was greatly admired and emulated by the early Impressionists, specifically for his use of expressive brushstrokes, his emphasis on movement rather than on clarity of form, and most of all his study of the optical effects of color. - Delacroix's painting **The Barque of Dante** contained a then Revolutionary technique that would profoundly influence the coming Impressionist movement. - The technique involved something as simple as droplets of water. - The painting is loosely based on a fictional scene from Dante's Inferno, showing Dante and the poet Virgil crossing hell's River Styx, while tormented souls struggle to climb aboard their boat. - The drops of water running down the bodies of these doomed souls are painted in a manner almost never used in Delacroix's time. - When studied closely, it's seen that four different, unmixed pigments-yellow, green, red, and white-create the image of each drop and its shadow. - Viewed from a little distance, these colors blend to represent individual drops glistening with light. - The distinct colors merge in the eye of the viewer to appear monochromatic (single-colored) or, in this case of water droplets, colorless. - In short, an impression is formed. - Putting this and similar principles into wider practice, future painters would carry French art into one of its richest periods: Impressionism. #### Works of Manet, Monet, and Renoir - By the 1870s, the stage was set for the emergence of the next major art movement in Europe, Impressionism. - It started with a group of French painters—that included Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir— and eventually spread to other countries, such as Italy, Germany, and The Netherlands. ##### Édouard Manet (1832-1883) - Édouard Manet was one of the first 19th-century artists to depict modern-life subjects. - Manet was a key figure in the transition from realism to Impressionism, with a number of his works considered as marking the birth of modern art. ##### Claude Monet (1840-1926) - Claude Monet was one of the founders of the Impressionist movement along with his friends Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Frédéric Bazille. - Monet was the most prominent of the group and is considered the most influential figure in the movement. - Monet is best known for his landscape paintings, particularly those depicting his beloved flower gardens and water lily ponds at his home in Giverny. ##### Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) - Auguste Renoir, along with Claude Monet, was one of the central figures of the Impressionist movement. - Renoir's early works were snapshots of real life, full of sparkling color and light. - By the mid-1880s, however, Renoir broke away from the Impressionist movement to apply a more disciplined, formal technique to portraits of actual people and figure paintings. ### Post-Impressionism: Works of Cezanne and Van Gogh - After the brief yet highly influential period of Impressionism, an outgrowth movement known as Post-Impressionism emerged. - The European artists who were at the forefront of this movement continued using the basic qualities of the Impressionists before them - the vivid colors, heavy brush strokes, and true-to-life subjects. - They expanded and experimented with these in bold new ways, like using a geometric approach, fragmenting objects and distorting people's faces and body parts, and applying colors that were not necessarily realistic or natural. - Two of the foremost Post-Impressionists were Paul Cézanne and Vincent van Gogh. #### Paul Cézanne (1839-1906) - Paul Cézanne was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter. - Cézanne's work exemplified the transition from late 19th-century Impressionism to a new and radically world of art in the 20th century - paving the way for the next revolutionary art movement known as Expressionism. #### Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) - Vincent van Gogh was a Post-Impressionist painter from The Netherlands. - Van Gogh's works were remarkable for their strong, heavy brush strokes, intense emotions, and colors that appeared to almost pulsate with energy. - Van Gogh's striking style was to have a far-reaching influence on 20th-century art, with his works becoming among the most recognized in the world. ### Expressionism: A Bold New Movement - In the early 1900s, there arose in the Western art world a movement that came to be known as Expressionism - Expressionist artists created works with more emotional force, rather than with realistic or natural images. - To achieve this, they distorted outlines, applied strong colors, and exaggerated forms. - They worked more with their imagination and feelings, rather than with what their eyes saw in the physical world. - Among the various styles that arose within the Expressionist art movements were: - Neoprimitivism - Fauvism - Dadaism - Surrealism - Social Realism #### Neoprimitivism - Neoprimitivism was an art style that incorporated elements from the native arts of the South Sea Islanders and the wood carvings of African tribes which suddenly became popular at that time. - Among the Western artists who adapted these elements was Amedeo Modigliani, who used the oval faces and elongated shapes of African art in both his sculptures and paintings. #### Fauvism - Fauvism was a style that used bold, vibrant colors and visual distortions. - It's name was derived from les fauves (“wild beasts”), referring to the group of French Expressionist painters who painted in this style. - Perhaps the most known among them was Henri Matisse. #### Dadaism - Dadaism was a style characterized by dream fantasies, memory images, and visual tricks and surprises- as in the paintings of Marc Chagall and Giorgio de Chirico. - The movement arose from the pain that a group of European artists felt after the suffering brought by World War I. - These artists wanted to protest against the civilization that had brought on such horrors, so they rebelled against established norms and authorities, and against the traditional styles in art. - They chose the child's term for hobbyhorse, dada, to refer to their new "non-style". #### Surrealism - Surrealism was a style that depicted an illogical, subconscious dream world beyond the logical, conscious, physical one. - The name came from the term "super realism," with its artworks clearly expressing a departure from reality - as though the artists were dreaming, seeing illusions, or experiencing an altered mental state. ### Abstractionism - The Abstractionist movement arose from the intellectual points of view in the 20th century. - In the world of science, physicists were formulating a new view of the universe, which resulted in the concepts of space-time and relativity. - This intellectualism was reflected even in art. - While Expressionism was emotional, Abstractionism was logical and rational. - It involved analyzing, detaching, selecting, and simplifying. #### Grouped under Abstractionism are the following art styles: - Cubism - Futurism - Mechanical Style - Nonobjectivism #### Cubism - The Cubist style derived its name from the cube, a three-dimensional geometric figure composed of strictly measured lines, planes, and angles. - Cubist artworks were, therefore, a play of planes and angles on a flat surface. - Foremost among the Cubists was Spanish painter/sculptor Pablo Picasso. #### Futurism - The movement known as Futurism began in Italy in the early 1900s. - The name implies that Futurists created art for a fast-paced, machine-propelled age. - They admired the motion, force, speed, and strength of mechanical forms. - Their works depicted the dynamic sensation of all these - as can be seen in the works of Italian painter Gino Severini. #### Mechanical Style - As a result of the Futurist movement, what became known as the Mechanical Style emerged. - In this style, basic forms such as planes, cones, spheres, and cylinders all fit together precisely and neatly in their appointed places. - This can be seen in the works of Fernand Léger. #### Nonobjectivism - The logical geometrical conclusion of Abstractionism came in the style known as Nonobjectivism. - The term "non-object" means that works in this style did not make use of figures or even representations of figures. - They did not refer to recognizable objects or forms in the outside world.