Foundations of Translation First Lecture PDF

Foundations of Translation First Lecture Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) Brainstorming What is translation? Why do we need translation? What are the types of Translation? Is there a theory of translation? Dr. Samia Alj...

Foundations of Translation First Lecture Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) Brainstorming What is translation? Why do we need translation? What are the types of Translation? Is there a theory of translation? Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  Brainstorming CHALLENGES HISTORY CULTURE SKILLS CAREER PROCESS Dr. SamiaOPPORTUNITY Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  How can we translate the following? English ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ No smoking ‫رأﯾت ﻗطﯾﻌﺎ ﻣن اﻷﺳود‬ It rains cats and dogs ‫اﻟﺳﻼم ﻋﻠﯾﻛم‬ I read an interseting book yesterday ‫ ﻣوﺳﻰ‬،‫ ﯾﻌﻘوب‬،‫إﺑراھﯾم‬ ‫ ﻋﻼء اﻟدﯾن‬،‫ اﺑن ﺳﯾﻧﺎ‬،‫ﺻﻼح اﻟدﯾن‬ A fox is not taken twice in the same snare ‫ھل ﺗﻌرف ھذه اﻟﻣﺎدة؟‬ Every tide has an ebb ‫ذھﺑت اﻟﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﺷﻔﻰ اﻟﮭدى‬ He likes reading ‫ﻣﻣﻧوع اﻟدﺧول‬ The man in the green suit is my friend ‫ ﻋﻘﺎل‬،‫ ﻛوﻓﯾﺔ‬،‫ ﻧﻘﺎب‬،‫ ﺣﺟﺎب‬،‫ﺧﻠﻊ‬ He returned- empty handed ‫ﯾوم ﻟك وﯾوم ﻋﻠﯾك‬ Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) Definition of Translation According to Nida and Taber Catofrd defines translation as the (1969:12), translation is the re- The production of text in specific replacement of textual material in expression of messages from the target settings for specific one language by equivalent Source Language (SL) in the Target purposes and people under textual material in another Language (TL) with the closest and specific circumstances (Vermeer language. (1965:20) fair equivalent, in terms of 1987:29). meaning and language style Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  Definition of Translation Translation is the process of converting text or speech from one language into another while preserving its meaning, style, and cultural context. It involves the art and science of conveying the intended message accurately and effectively across linguistic and cultural boundaries. Translators play a crucial role in facilitating communication, fostering global understanding, and bridging the gaps between diverse languages and cultures. Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) What is Translation? Translation is TRANSFERRING MEANING from one language (SL) to another (TL). It is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. SL (source language) TL (target language) SLT (source language text) TLT (target language text) Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) Types of Translation Translation Interpretation Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) Types of interpretation Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  Types of Interpreation Simultaneous Interpretation: Interpreters simultaneously Consecutive Interpretation: The speaker delivers translate the speaker's words into the target language, using their message in one language, and the interpreter specialized equipment to transmit the interpretation to pauses at intervals to translate the speech into the listeners via headsets or booths. This method is ideal for large target language. This method is suitable for smaller conferences, speeches, and events where real-time meetings, interviews, and settings where a more communication is essential. relaxed pace of communication is preferred. Whispered Interpretation (Chuchotage): Interpreters whisper the translated message directly into the ear of a single listener or a small group, using specialized equipment if necessary. This method is ideal for discreet situations, such as confidential meetings, negotiations, or private conversations. Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  Types of Interpreation SIGN LANGUAGE INTERPRETATION: SIGHT TRANSLATION: INTERPRETERS READ RELAY INTERPRETATION: MULTIPLE CONFERENCE INTERPRETATION: INTERPRETERS TRANSLATE SPOKEN A WRITTEN TEXT IN ONE LANGUAGE AND INTERPRETERS WORK IN SUCCESSION TO INTERPRETERS PROVIDE BOTH LANGUAGE INTO SIGN LANGUAGE, TRANSLATE IT VERBALLY INTO ANOTHER ENSURE ACCURATE AND SUSTAINED SIMULTANEOUS AND CONSECUTIVE ENABLING INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE DEAF LANGUAGE, PROVIDING IMMEDIATE COMMUNICATION IN SITUATIONS WHERE INTERPRETATION SERVICES IN OR HARD OF HEARING TO PARTICIPATE INTERPRETATION FOR DOCUMENTS SUCH INTERPRETING TASKS ARE DEMANDING CONFERENCE SETTINGS, USING FULLY IN MEETINGS, CONFERENCES, AS CONTRACTS, MEDICAL REPORTS, OR OR LENGTHY, SUCH AS LONG SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT AND EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS, AND OTHER LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. CONFERENCES OR MULTILINGUAL SOUNDPROOF BOOTHS TO DELIVER THE EVENTS. EVENTS. INTERPRETATION TO THE AUDIENCE. Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  Specialized Translation Technical Translation: This specialized form of translation demands a deep understanding of technical jargon and concepts, ensuring precision and accuracy in conveying scientific, engineering, or medical information. Legal Translation: Legal translation necessitates expertise in legal terminology and the nuances of different legal systems, ensuring that contracts, court documents, and other legal texts are translated with utmost precision and adherence to legal requirements. Literary Translation: Translating literary works requires not only linguistic proficiency but also a keen appreciation of the cultural context, artistic style, and emotional resonance of the original text. Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) Scientific Translation: Scientific Localization: Localization goes beyond mere translation demands in-depth translation, adapting content to the specific knowledge of scientific terminology cultural, linguistic, and social norms of the and concepts, ensuring accurate and target audience. This involves considering local reliable translation of research customs, date formats, currency, and cultural papers, reports, and other scientific references. documents. Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  Audiovisual Translation (AVT) AVT encompasses a range of techniques, including subtitling, dubbing, and voice-over, to adapt audiovisual content for a global audience, ensuring that cultural references and dialogues are conveyed effectively. Subtilling Dubbing Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) What do we call this type of translation? subtitling Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) What do we call the audio translation of films? DUBBING Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) Process of Translation Understanding research, source text, drafting, editing, proofreading Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  Process of Transaltion Understanding Choosing Delivery of the Research and Cultural Translating the Review and Quality Client/Editor the Source Translation Proofreading: Translated Terminology: Considerations: Text: Revision: Assurance: Feedback: Text: Approach: Text: The translator If the content is Translators need to Translators decide The actual Translators often Quality assurance A final proofreading In professional The translated text begins by technical or be aware of cultural on the appropriate translation process review and revise involves a thorough stage is essential to settings, translators is delivered to the thoroughly specialized, the nuances and translation involves converting their work. This may review of the catch any remaining may receive client or end-users. understanding the translator may need context. approach. This could the content from involve refining the translated text to errors, typos, or feedback from This could be in the source text. This to conduct research Understanding the include choosing the source language language, ensuring ensure accuracy, issues before the clients or editors. form of written involves grasping to understand cultural background between a more to the target consistency, and coherence, and translated text is This feedback loop documents, the meaning, specific terms and of the source text literal translation or language. The addressing any adherence to any finalized. helps to refine the subtitles, website context, and concepts. helps in conveying a more dynamic translator considers issues that arise provided guidelines translation further. content, or other nuances of the Establishing a clear the intended one, depending on syntax, grammar, during the initial or standards. mediums depending content. understanding of meaning accurately. the nature of the style, and cultural translation. on the project. terminology is text. relevance. crucial. Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  Levels of Translation Word level: This involves translating individual words and rendering their equivalents in the target language. Phrasal level: This involves considering phrases or groups of words as the basic unit. Sentence level: This involves considering each sentence as a unit. Paragraph level: This involves focusing on capturing the meaning of entire paragraphs. Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) On which level of language do we have to translate? word phrase sentence text Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  Culture and Translation Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) Why do we need translation? ØTransferring knowledge. How? ØTransmitting culture. How? ØA technique for learning foreign languages. How? Facilitating Global Communication Bridging Language and Cultural Gaps Enabling Access to Diverse Perspectives and Knowledge Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) Is there something called a prefect translation? Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  Dynamics of translation SL writer SL text SL norms SL culture SL setting and tradition Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) A text is pulled in different directions: (1) The individual style or idiolect of the SL (2) The conventional grammatical and lexical author. When should it be (a) preserved, (b) usage for this type of text, depending on the normalised? topic and the situation. (4) The expectations of the putative readership, bearing in mind their estimated (3) The typical format of a text in a book, knowledge of the topic and the style of periodical, newspaper, etc., as influenced by language they use, expressed in terms of the tradition at the time. largest common factor, since one should not translate down (or up) to the readership. Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  A text is pulled in different directions: The views and prejudices of the translator, which may be personal and subjective, or may be social and cultural, involving the translator's 'group loyalty factor, which may reflect the national, political, ethnic, religious, social class, sex, etc. There are many other tensions in translations, for example between sound and sense, emphasis (word order) and naturalness (grammar), the figurative and the literal, neatness and comprehensiveness, concision and accuracy. Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  Everything without exception is translatable; the translator cannot afford the luxury of saying that something cannot be translated Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  There is no such thing as a perfect, ideal or correct translation, A translator is always trying to extend his knowledge and improve his means of expression; he is always pursuing facts and words. Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) Translation as: A science A skill An art a taste Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) What is theory: A body of knowledge What is a theory of translation? The body of knowledge that we have a bout translating extending form general principles to guidelines, suggestions and hints It is also concerned with the translation methods and thus dependent on a functional theory of language Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) What does translation theory do? First, to identify and define a translation problem (no problem - no translation theory!); Second, to indicate all the factors that have to be taken into account in solving the problem; Third, to list all the possible translation procedures Finally, to recommend the most suitable translation procedure, plus the appropriate translation. Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) This subject is called: Translation Theory Translatology in Canada, Traductologia in Spain Translation Studies in the Netherlands and Belgium Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)  No one is born as an excellent translator. to become a good translator, some general guidelines can help you. It is something that you can learn Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) A text in translation might be pulled in different directions, such as style Text writer type content reader Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation) Dr. Samia Aljabri (Foundations of Translation)