Types of Speech Context and Style PDF

LESSON 1 Types of Speech Context And Speech Style  Types of Speech Context Intrapersonal- This refers to communication that centers on one person where the speaker acts both as the sender and the receiver of the message. “The message is made...

LESSON 1 Types of Speech Context And Speech Style  Types of Speech Context Intrapersonal- This refers to communication that centers on one person where the speaker acts both as the sender and the receiver of the message. “The message is made up of your thoughts and feelings. The channel is your brain, which processes what you are thinking and feeling. There is feedback in the sense that as you talk to yourself, you discard certain ideas and replace them with others.” Interpersonal- This refers to communication between and among people and establishes personal relationship between and among them. Solomon and Theiss (2013) state that the “inter” part of the word highlights how interpersonal connects people. The “personal” part means that your unique qualities as a person matter during interpersonal communication.  TYPES OF INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Self-talk: Self-talk is the internal dialogue that occurs within an individual’s mind. It is a continuous process of thoughts that helps individuals evaluate themselves and their experiences. Self-reflection: Self-reflection is the process of examining one’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior. It involves introspection and critical thinking, which helps individuals gain insight into their inner selves. Journaling: Journaling is the act of writing down one’s thoughts and feelings. It is a therapeutic activity that helps individuals gain insight into their emotions and behavior.  TYPES OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Dyad Communication- This communication occurs between two people. Examples: You offered feedback on the speech performance of your classmates. You provide comfort to a friend who was feeling down Small Group Communication is a context of communication that involves at least three but not more than twelve people engaging in a face to face interaction achieve a desired goal. In this type all the participants can freely share ideas in a loose and open discussion. Examples: You are participating in an organizational meeting which aims to address the concerns of your fellow students. You are having a discussion with your group mates on how to finish m the assigned tasks.  TYPES OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Public Communication- This type refers to communication that requires you to deliver or send the message before or in front of a group. The message can be driven by informational or persuasive purposes. “In public communication, unlike interpersonal and small group, the channels are more exaggerated. The voice is louder and the gestures are more expansive because the audience is bigger. The speaker might use additional visual channels such as slides or powerpoint presentations.” Examples: You deliver a graduation speech to your batch. You participate in a declamation, oratorical contest, or debate contest watched by a number of people Mass communication is the act of a person, group of people, or organization relaying a message through a channel of communication to a large group of anonymous and heterogeneous people and organizations. The receivers of the information are often the general public. Channels of communication where information can be received include newspapers, television, radio, and social media.  Speech Style The way we communicate varies depending on a lot of factors such as the speech context, speech purpose, and speech delivery. The form of language that the speaker uses which is characterized by the degree of formality is known as speech style Style- the set of linguistic variants that a person uses and that has specific social meanings. It is the choice of words that a person can use or apply in different situations.  Types of Speech Style 1. Intimate - This style is private, which occurs between or among close family members or individuals. The language used in this style may not be shared in public Example: -a husband and wife are talking about their future plans. -a mom giving advice to her teenage daughter. 2. Casual - It is also known as the informal communication style. This type is used for relaxed and normal conversations. This style is common among peers and friends. example: classmates having conversation at the canteen. note: Jargon, slang, and vernacular language are used  Types of Speech Style 3. Consultative - is used in semi-formal and standard communication. This speech style is used mostly in professional setting. example: Superior to subordinate, doctor to patient note: Professional or mutually acceptable language is a must in this style. 4. Formal Used in speaking to medium to large groups May also be used in single hearers- strangers, older persons, professional Speaker must frame whole sentences ahead before they are delivered Avoids using slang terminologies language is comparatively rigid and has a set, agreed upon vocabulary that is well documented; is often of a standard variety. Examples: meetings, speeches, school lessons, court, a corporate meeting, at a swearing in ceremony, in an interview or in a classroom  Types of Speech Style 5. Frozen -Used generally in very formal setting. - Most formal communicative style for respectful situation - Does not require any feedback from the audience -Usually uses long sentences with good grammar and vocabulary -The use of language is fixed and relatively static Examples: national pledge, anthem, school creeds, marriage ceremonies, speech for a state ceremony  LESSON 2 Communicative Strategies  Define communicative strategies. Identify various communicative strategies LEARNING used in different contexts. OBJECTIVES Apply communicative strategies in role-playing activities. Reflect on the effectiveness of these strategies in real-life communication. Communication is the heart of the community. Being able to use various communicative strategies leads to the achievement of the speech purpose and creates a smooth flow of information between the speakers and the listeners. Poor communication strategy allows for information blockages. Communicative strategies are plans, ways or means of sharing information that are adopted to achieve a particular social, political, psychological, or linguistic purpose. Since engaging in conversation is also bound by implicit rules, Cohen (1990) states that strategies must be used to start and maintain a conversation. Knowing and applying grammar appropriately is one of the most basic strategies to maintain a conversation. The following are some strategies that people use when communicating. Types of Communicative Strategies Nomination This is usually used at the beginning of the interaction to set the purpose of the conversation. The speaker tries to open a topic with the people he is talking to. One must present a particular topic clearly and truthfully. A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a topic. Phrases to use to start a conversation Restriction Refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. When communicating in the classroom, in a meeting, or while hanging out with your friends, you are typically given specific instructions that you must follow. These instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say. Example: We will have 30 minutes of online discussion regarding the topic on Pandemic and Mental Health. An additional 10 minutes will be allotted for your questions and related concerns. TURN TAKING This strategy is used to establish and sustain a productive conversation. Turn taking is recognizing when and how to speak when it is one’s turn. This requires each speaker to wait for the others to complete their turn talking. This strategy can be used to avoid participants talking over one another that may cause conflicts. Turn-taking provides persons equal opportunity to say their piece. Participants must watch out for the verbal and non-verbal cues that signal the next speaker that the previous speaker has finished talking. One may employ visual signals like a nod, a look, or a step back. REPAIR This communicative strategy refers to overcoming communication breakdown to send more comprehensible messages. Once a problem in communication is not repaired right away, surely, it would lead into misunderstanding or confusion. Repair Communicative Strategy includes:. Requesting clarification, Repeating or Recasting. Termination This strategy ends the interaction by using verbal and nonverbal messages that the participants send to one another. Nonverbal may include a handshake or walking out. Most of the time, the topic initiator takes responsibility to signal the end of the discussion as well. Example: Thank you …. Okay, all done… See you later on our next meeting schedule. a. Nomination: Initiating a topic or conversation. b. Restriction: Limiting the discussion to certain points or topics. c. Turn-taking: Managing who speaks when and how much they speak. d. Topic Control: Keeping the conversation focused on a certain topic. e. Topic Shifting: Changing the subject smoothly. f. Repair: Correcting or clarifying a misunderstanding. g. Termination: Closing the conversation appropriately.  LESSON 3 PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY Informative Speech - serves to provide interesting and useful information to your audience. It demonstrate expertise and knowledge of the subject conveying information, presenting factual ideas and statistics to inadequately inform the audience. Persuasive Speech - is written to persuade or convince the listeners of the validity of the speakers argument. This might involve persuading someone to change their opinion at the very least take into account some elements that have not really been considered before. Demonstrative Speech - is written to explain and show people hoe to do something. This might involve using various types of visual aids, or handout to ensure the effectiveness of the instructions. Entertainment Speech - is one whose sole purpose is to have the audience enjoy the presentation. The purpose of an entertaining speech is not to educate, inform or inspire...it is to make the audience smile, relax and enjoy. Motivational Speech - this speech stirs up other people’s higher order values and plant positive and valid ideals in life. The purpose of this speech is to inspire the audience involves uplifting and optimistic stories and real life situations.  Speech delivery depends on physical body mechanics just as it counts on verbals factors like inflection. If you keep your back bent and hunch your shoulders, you don't allow enough air to exert pressure on your diaphragm or pass through your larynx (voice box). The best public speakers and orators often maintain proper speaking posture, which includes: Stomach in Chest out Shoulders relaxed Back straight Feet steady Evenly distribute your weight over both hips (avoid leaning to one side).