Final Term Reviewer ENG13 PDF

Republic of the Philippines PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur Reviewer ENG13 Final Term Reviewer...

Republic of the Philippines PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur Reviewer ENG13 Final Term Reviewer ENG13-Survey of Afro-Asian Literature Persian Literature Persian literature is one of the oldest and most influential in the world, marked by its rich poetic tradition, philosophical prose, and mystical themes. It blends mythology, epic storytelling, and spirituality, often exploring love, morality, and human-divine relationships. Notable Works and Authors 1. Ferdowsi – Shahnameh: An epic poem chronicling Persian mythology and history. 2. Rumi – Masnavi-ye-Ma’navi: Mystical poetry emphasizing Sufi spirituality. 3. Hafez – Divan of Hafez: Lyric poetry exploring divine love and mysticism. 4. Omar Khayyam – Rubaiyat: Philosophical quatrains on life and mortality. 5. Sadeq Hedayat – The Blind Owl: A modern existential novel.  Omar Khayyam’s Rubaiyat showcases his mastery of poetry with themes of love, existence, and philosophy, making it a cornerstone of Persian literature.  Persian poetry frequently incorporates Sufi mysticism, focusing on themes of divine love, spiritual journey, and the search for higher truths.  Persian poetry is renowned for its use of vivid symbolism and imagery to convey profound ideas.  Omar Khayyam is best known for his reflective and philosophical quatrains in the Rubaiyat.  A rubai is a four-line stanza often used for philosophical and reflective themes, following the aaba rhyme scheme.  Hafiz’s lyrical poems are known for their mysticism and exploration of spirituality and love.  Shahnameh is Ferdowsi's masterpiece, an epic that recounts the myths and history of Persia.  The Rubaiyat often contemplates the transience of life and the pursuit of meaning.  The ghazal form is known for its exploration of mystical and allegorical themes, particularly in Sufi literature.  Rumi’s Masnavi is a spiritual and moral guide in poetic form, addressing the human connection to the divine.  Hafiz's poetry intertwines themes of nature and divine love, often reflecting on the beauty of creation.  Persian prose frequently integrates moral lessons into its storytelling, enriching its cultural and educational impact. Page 1 of 5  Republic of the Philippines PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur Reviewer ENG13 Japanese Literature Japanese literature reflects the cultural and historical evolution of Japan, from ancient myths to modern themes. It is known for its sensitivity to nature, human emotions, and simplicity. Prominent genres include haikus, Noh drama, and contemporary fiction. Notable Works and Authors 1. Murasaki Shikibu – The Tale of Genji: The world’s first novel, exploring courtly life and human relationships. 2. Matsuo Basho – Haikus: Short poems capturing the beauty of nature and fleeting moments. 3. Yukio Mishima – The Sea of Fertility: A tetralogy exploring life, death, and rebirth. 4. Natsume Soseki – Kokoro: A novel exploring loneliness and the clash between tradition and modernity. 5. Ryunosuke Akutagawa – Rashomon: Short stories delving into human nature and moral ambiguity.  Haiku is a concise poetic form that distills profound emotions and natural imagery, with masters like Basho and Buson exemplifying its essence.  The Tale of Genji is a seminal work in Japanese literature that offers a glimpse into Heian-era court life and intricate human relationships.  Haikus are concise, three-line poems focusing on nature and emotions, embodying simplicity and depth.  Matsuo Basho elevated the haiku form with his evocative and nature-focused poetry.  A traditional haiku follows a 5-7-5 syllable pattern, capturing a moment or scene.  The Tale of Genji is a landmark work in Japanese literature and is often called the world’s first novel.  The Tale of Genji explores relationships and the complexities of court life during Japan’s Heian period.  The play examines how families and society treat individuals who are perceived as different.  Modern Japanese literature often explores themes of war, identity, and the challenges of modernity.  Matsuo Basho's haikus frequently highlight the beauty of seasons and the natural world.  During the Meiji period, Japanese writers integrated Western ideas and techniques into their work.  Rakugo is a traditional Japanese form of storytelling that often involves humorous or moralistic tales. Page 2 of 5  Republic of the Philippines PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur Reviewer ENG13 Korean Literature Korean literature blends oral traditions, poetry, and prose that reflect Korea's cultural and historical struggles, from the Confucian ideals of the Joseon era to modern independence movements. Themes of resilience, love, and family dominate. Notable Works and Authors 1. Kim Man-jung – The Cloud Dream of the Nine: A classic love story with Buddhist influences. 2. Shin Kyung-sook – Please Look After Mom: A poignant novel about family and sacrifice. 3. Yi Mun-yol – Our Twisted Hero: A political allegory about power and conformity. 4. Hwang Sok-yong – The Guest: A novel addressing the traumas of war and division. Ko Un – Modern poetry capturing Korea's history and spirit.  The sijo is a lyrical Korean poetic form that expresses themes of love, philosophy, and nature, often tied to Korea’s cultural heritage.  Hangul made reading and writing accessible to all Koreans, playing a pivotal role in the growth and democratization of Korean literature.  Korean literature reflects Confucian values, emphasizing respect, family, and ethical conduct.  Traditional Korean literature often focuses on the balance between humans and their natural surroundings.  Sijo is a classic Korean poetic form with a three-line structure, often expressing philosophical or lyrical ideas.  The Joseon Dynasty saw a significant development in literature, influenced by Confucian ideals.  The Tale of Shim Cheong highlights traditional Korean values such as filial devotion and sacrifice.  Sijo often conveys philosophical thoughts or moral messages through concise, lyrical expressions.  Post-WWII Korean literature reflects the nation’s struggles with the division of the peninsula and the search for identity.  Land (Toji) is a seminal Korean novel that examines social structures and cultural change.  The Tale of Chunhyang is a classic love story that reflects Korean society's complexities and cultural values. Page 3 of 5  Republic of the Philippines PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur Reviewer ENG13 Vietnamese Literature Vietnamese literature has been shaped by Chinese influence, colonialism, and the Vietnam War. It encompasses traditional poetry, folk tales, and modern revolutionary works, often addressing social issues, patriotism, and resilience. Notable Works and Authors 1. Nguyen Du – The Tale of Kieu: A national epic poem blending romance, morality, and destiny. 2. Ho Chi Minh – Prison Diary: A collection of poems written during imprisonment, showcasing resilience and hope. 3. Bao Ninh – The Sorrow of War: A poignant novel about the Vietnam War’s emotional toll. 4. Nguyen Trai – Great Proclamation Upon the Pacification of the Wu: A classic declaration of independence. 5. Xuan Dieu – Modern poetry celebrating love and nature.  This story showcases Vietnamese traditions and the cultural importance of festivals, reflecting the community's shared values.  Vietnamese poetry often captures the struggles, victories, and cultural essence of the nation, serving as both an artistic and historical medium.  Vietnamese literature typically portrays the customs, values, and traditions of its people, emphasizing their way of life.  The long period of Chinese domination deeply influenced Vietnamese literature, particularly its use of Chinese characters and Confucian themes.  Vietnamese folk tales often emphasize moral lessons, showcasing the victory of intelligence and virtue over adversity.  The flower festival serves as a metaphor for communal harmony and the collective celebration of cultural identity.  Vietnamese poetry frequently draws inspiration from Confucian ethics and Buddhist philosophy, reflecting the country's spiritual and intellectual heritage.  While influenced by Chinese traditions, Vietnamese literature also incorporates its distinct folklore and local themes.  Vietnamese poetry often uses four-line stanzas with tonal regulation, reflecting its classical forms influenced by Chinese literature.  Vietnamese literature has been used to inspire patriotism and resistance, particularly during periods of colonization and war.  The story illustrates the significance of traditional values and their role in shaping the moral fabric of Vietnamese society. Page 4 of 5  Republic of the Philippines PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur Reviewer ENG13 Indonesian Literature Indonesian literature reflects the country's diverse cultures and languages, influenced by Hindu-Buddhist traditions, Islam, colonialism, and independence struggles. It explores themes of identity, colonial resistance, and societal change. Notable Works and Authors 1. Pramoedya Ananta Toer – Buru Quartet: A landmark series on colonial Indonesia's societal struggles. 2. Rendra – The Struggle of the Naga Tribe: Poetry and plays addressing political oppression. 3. Hamka – Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck: A love story and social critique. 4. Chairil Anwar – Modern poetry embodying Indonesia’s revolutionary spirit. 5. Ahmad Tohari – The Dancer: A trilogy exploring rural life and social upheaval.  Pantun is a poetic form used to convey both entertainment and moral messages, reflecting Indonesia’s oral tradition.  Hikayat is a narrative genre that preserves Indonesia’s cultural heritage and provides insight into historical and moral themes.  Syair is a traditional form of narrative poetry in Indonesian literature that conveys moral lessons and values through poetic language.  Babad is a type of chronicle that contains historical and genealogical records, often detailing the past rulers, events, and social conditions of the region. Page 5 of 5