Developmental Psychology Past Paper PDF

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1. What is the first stage of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development? A. Autonomy vs. Shame B. Initiative vs. Guilt C. Trust vs. Mistrust D. Identity vs. Role Confusion Answer: C. Trust vs. Mistrust 2. Jean Piaget’s theory identifies which stage as involv...

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1. What is the first stage of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development? A. Autonomy vs. Shame B. Initiative vs. Guilt C. Trust vs. Mistrust D. Identity vs. Role Confusion Answer: C. Trust vs. Mistrust 2. Jean Piaget’s theory identifies which stage as involving abstract and hypothetical thinking? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete Operational D. Formal Operational Answer: D. Formal Operational 3. What is the critical period in attachment theory? A. A time when children develop motor skills B. A sensitive phase for forming emotional bonds C. A stage of language acquisition D. The adolescent period of identity exploration Answer: B. A sensitive phase for forming emotional bonds 4. At what age do children typically develop object permanence? A. 2-4 months B. 6-8 months C. 8-12 months D. 18-24 months Answer: C. 8-12 months 5. Ella starts crying when her mother leaves the room but calms down when she returns. Which attachment style is this behavior associated with? A. Secure attachment B. Avoidant attachment C. Ambivalent attachment D. Disorganized attachment Answer: A. Secure attachment 6. During adolescence, Mia begins questioning her career goals and role in society. Which developmental stage is she navigating? A. Initiative vs. Guilt B. Identity vs. Role Confusion C. Generativity vs. Stagnation D. Integrity vs. Despair Answer: B. Identity vs. Role Confusion 7. At what age do children typically enter Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage? A. 2-7 years B. 7-11 years C. 11-15 years D. 15-18 years Answer: B. 7-11 years 8. What is the main developmental task during adolescence, according to Erikson’s theory? A. Developing a sense of trust B. Establishing identity C. Achieving intimacy D. Building autonomy Answer: B. Establishing identity 9. Which researcher proposed that moral development progresses through stages based on reasoning rather than behavior? A. Jean Piaget B. Lawrence Kohlberg C. Erik Erikson D. Lev Vygotsky Answer: B. Lawrence Kohlberg 10. Paul, a 5-year-old, struggles to see things from his friend’s point of view and believes everyone feels the same as he does. According to Piaget, Paul is in which stage of cognitive development? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete Operational D. Formal Operational Answer: B. Preoperational 11. Sarah is exploring different career paths and values, trying to figure out who she is and what she wants in life. According to Erikson, which stage is Sarah navigating? A. Trust vs. Mistrust B. Initiative vs. Guilt C. Identity vs. Role Confusion  D. Intimacy vs. Isolation Answer: C. Identity vs. Role Confusion 12. What are the three components of Sternberg’s Triangular Love Theory? A. Trust, Passion, Commitment B. Passion, Intimacy, Commitment C. Intimacy, Compatibility, Commitment D. Compatibility, Trust, Passion Answer: B. Passion, Intimacy, Commitment 13. Which type of love, according to Sternberg, includes all three components: passion, intimacy, and commitment? A. Companionate Love B. Romantic Love C. Consummate Love D. Empty Love Answer: C. Consummate Love 14. After years of focusing on their careers, Mike and Sarah realize that they have no emotional connection or physical passion left in their marriage, but they stay together for their children. This demonstrates: A. Empty Love B. Romantic Love C. Companionate Love D. Fatuous Love Answer: A. Empty Love 15. Tom’s caregiver consistently ignores his cries, leading him to avoid seeking comfort. Which attachment pattern might Tom develop? A. Secure attachment B. Avoidant attachment C. Ambivalent attachment D. Reactive attachment Answer: B. Avoidant attachment 16. A mother notices her 6 month old child actively exploring toys by mouthing them. Which stage of Piaget’s cognitive development is this child likely in? a. Preoperational b. Sensorimotor c. Concrete operational d. Formal operational Answer: B 2. A child cries uncontrollably when their mother leaves but is inconsolable even when she returns. This display of lack of trust of the mother is a behavior that reflects which attachment style? a. Secure attachment b. Insecure attachment c. Disorganized d. Avoidant Answer: B 3. A child begins to understand that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. This demonstrates: a. Egocentrism b. Object permanence c. Assimilation d. Conservation Answer: B 4. A child fails to understand that pouring the same amount of water into a taller glass does not change its volume. This reflects a lack of: a. Object permanence b. Egocentrism c. Conservation d. Reversibility Answer: C 5. A toddler clings to their parents in a new environment but gradually starts exploring after receiving reassurance. This behavior reflects which attachment style: a. Secure attachment b. Insecure attachment c. Disorganized d. Avoidant Answer: A 6. When shown a picture of a cat and a dog, a 3 year old calls both animals “dog.” According to Piaget, this is an example of: a. Accommodation b. Assimilation c. Conservation d. Centration Answer: assimilation 7. A 16 year old refuses to participate in a family vacation, claiming that they need to stay with friends to ‘find themselves’. This behavior aligns with Erikson’s stage of:  a. Industry vs. inferiority b. Identity vs. role confusion c. Intimacy vs. isolation d. Generativity vs. stagnation Answer: B 8. A teenager who is praised for independent decision making begins to take pride in managing their responsibilities. Which parenting style likely influenced this? a. Authoritarian b. Permissive c. Authoritative d. Uninvolved Answer: C 9. A 45 year old decides to leave a high paying corporate position to volunteer for an environmental organization. This decision reflects which stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development? a. Generativity vs. stagnation b. Integrity vs. despair c. Identity vs. role confusion d. Intimacy vs. isolation Answer: A 10. A teenager who joins a rebellious group to fit in is influenced by: a. Identity diffusion b. Peer pressure c. Generativity d. Social loafing Answer: B PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 1. What is the primary focus of Freud's psychodynamic theory? A. Observational learning B. Unconscious motives and conflicts C. Behavioral reinforcements D. Cognitive processes Answer: B. Unconscious motives and conflicts 2. Which level of Maslow’s hierarchy focuses on personal growth and fulfillment? A. Safety needs B. Esteem needs C. Belongingness needs  D. Self-actualization Answer: D. Self-actualization 3. Anna prefers solitude and focuses deeply on her thoughts and ideas rather than socializing. According to Jung, which personality type is she likely exhibiting? A. Extraversion B. Introversion C. Sensing D. Thinking Answer: B. Introversion 4. Sophia consistently seeks approval from others and avoids conflict. Freud might say her behavior is dominated by which structure of personality? A. Id B. Ego C. Superego D. Preconscious Answer: C. Superego 5. In Carl Jung's theory, the collective unconscious includes universal themes known as: A. Archetypes B. Instincts C. Drives D. Symbols Answer: A. Archetypes 6. Karen Horney suggested that basic anxiety arises from: A. Conflict between the id and ego B. Lack of parental warmth and security C. Unresolved childhood trauma D. Failure to achieve self-actualization Answer: B. Lack of parental warmth and security 7. Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of which concept for personal growth? A. Conditional positive regard B. Unconditional positive regard C. Social comparison D. Defense mechanisms Answer: B. Unconditional positive regard 8. Who developed the 16 Personality Factor (16PF) model? A. Hans Eysenck B. Raymond Cattell C. Gordon Allport  D. Carl Jung Answer: B. Raymond Cattell 9. Rachel has a strong need for achievement and independence but struggles with intimacy. According to Horney’s theory, her behavior reflects: A. Moving toward people B. Moving away from people C. Moving against people D. An external locus of control Answer: B. Moving away from people 10. Emily experiences frequent mood swings, is easily stressed, and worries about minor issues. Which Big Five trait describes her personality? A. Low neuroticism B. High neuroticism C. High openness D. Low agreeableness Answer: B. High neuroticism 11. Despite having minimal experience in public speaking, Thomas believes he can deliver an excellent speech with confidence. According to Bandura, this reflects his: A. External locus of control B. High self-efficacy C. Introversion D. Unconditional positive regard Answer: B. High self-efficacy 12. Carlos is competitive and always seeks to outperform others, often at the expense of collaboration. According to Adler, this behavior might indicate: A. A superiority complex B. High openness C. Low self-efficacy D. Reciprocal determinism Answer: A. A superiority complex 13. According to Freud, which defense mechanism involves redirecting unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities? A. Projection B. Sublimation C. Regression D. Displacement Answer: B. Sublimation 14. In Adler’s theory, which term describes an individual’s effort to overcome perceived weaknesses and strive for superiority? A. Inferiority complex B. Superiority complex C. Compensation D. Reciprocal determinism Answer: C. Compensation 15. Sophia consistently seeks validation from others, feeling anxious when she does not receive it. According to Horney’s theory, her behavior reflects which interpersonal style? A. Moving against people B. Moving away from people C. Moving toward people D. Compensation Answer: C. Moving toward people SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1. What term describes adjusting one’s behavior to align with a group standard? A. Obedience B. Conformity C. Compliance D. Persuasion Answer: B. Conformity 2. In Milgram’s obedience study, participants were instructed to: A. Solve puzzles under pressure B. Administer electric shocks to another person C. Conform to group opinions D. Role-play as prisoners and guards Answer: B. Administer electric shocks to another person 3. What is cognitive dissonance? A. A change in behavior due to group pressure B. A state of tension caused by conflicting attitudes or behaviors C. A bias toward attributing others’ behavior to personality D. A gradual shift in group decision-making Answer: B. A state of tension caused by conflicting attitudes or behaviors 4. Which type of attribution blames behavior on external circumstances? A. Dispositional attribution B. Fundamental attribution error  C. Situational attribution D. Actor-observer bias Answer: C. Situational attribution 5. Jack donates to charity because he believes it’s the right thing to do, even when no one is watching. This reflects which form of motivation? A. Altruism B. Reciprocity C. Social loafing D. Obedience Answer: A. Altruism 6. During a debate, James attributes his opponent’s stance to their lack of knowledge but credits his own position to extensive research. This demonstrates: A. Actor-observer bias B. Cognitive dissonance C. Fundamental attribution error D. Social facilitation Answer: A. Actor-observer bias 7. Karen continues to follow her boss’s unethical orders because she fears losing her job. This illustrates: A. Obedience B. Conformity C. Cognitive dissonance D. Groupthink Answer: A. Obedience 8. The bystander effect occurs when individuals in a group are less likely to help someone in distress because they believe: A. Others will intervene B. The person does not need help C. It is too dangerous D. They lack the skills to help Answer: A. Others will intervene 9. What is the primary focus of social psychology? A. The influence of genetic factors on behavior B. How people interact and influence each other C. The study of individual differences in personality D. Understanding human development across the lifespan Answer: B. How people interact and influence each other 10. In a meeting, most team members remain silent about their doubts regarding a risky decision to avoid disrupting group harmony. This behavior exemplifies: A. Group polarization B. Conformity C. Groupthink D. Compliance Answer: C. Groupthink 11. At a concert, Emma starts cheering loudly along with the crowd even though she wasn’t initially excited. This behavior illustrates: A. Deindividuation B. Social facilitation C. Group polarization D. Cognitive dissonance Answer: A. Deindividuation 12. Lisa is asked to make a small donation for a cause, which she agrees to. Later, she is asked for a larger donation and feels compelled to comply. This persuasion strategy is called: A. Door-in-the-face B. Foot-in-the-door C. Lowball technique D. Reciprocity Answer: B. Foot-in-the-door 13. During a team project, Kate feels less accountable for the outcome because responsibility is shared among the group. This illustrates: A. Diffusion of responsibility B. Social facilitation C. Groupthink D. Cognitive dissonance Answer: A. Diffusion of responsibility 14. A salesperson offers you an expensive item first, knowing that when they offer a cheaper alternative later, you are more likely to agree. This is an example of: A. Foot-in-the-door technique B. Door-in-the-face technique C. Social facilitation D. Lowball technique Answer: B. Door-in-the-face technique 15. What is the primary conclusion of Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment? A. People are inherently evil. B. Social roles and situations strongly influence behavior. C. Conformity is driven by fear of rejection.  D. Group decisions are always riskier than individual decisions. Answer: B. Social roles and situations strongly influence behavior. 16. A group of people witnessing a theft fail to intervene because they assume someone else will take action. This is an example of: a. Groupthink b. Social loafing c. Diffusion of responsibility d. Deindividuation Answer: C 17. If Rose changes her opinion about a controversial issue after hearing an expert speaker present compelling evidence, she is demonstrating: a. Peripheral route to persuasion b. Central route to persuasion c. Social facilitation d. Cognitive dissonance Answer: B 18. In Milgram’s study of obedience, participants administered shocks despite discomfort. This behavior was influenced by: a. Cognitive dissonance b. The presence of an authority figure c. Groupthink d. Social facilitation Answer: B 19. A student who believes that they failed a test because “the teacher doesn’t like me” is demonstrating: a. Low conscientiousness b. Low self-efficacy c. An external locus of control d. Neuroticism Answer: C 20. If Grace practices everyday and attributes her success to hard work, she is showing: a. High self-efficacy b. An internal locus of control c. High conscientiousness d. All of the above  Answer: D 21. A person with high openness to experience is most likely to: a. Excel in routine tasks b. Avoid new challenges c. Enjoy creative activities d. Be highly agreeable Answer: C 22. Cristie remains calm under pressure and avoids overreacting; she is likely low in: a. Openness b. Extraversion c. Neuroticism d. Conscientiousness Answer: C 23. If a manager praises his team’s success and encourages them to take credit for achievements, this reflects Bandura’s concept of: a. Reciprocal determinism b. Observational learning c. Self- efficacy d. Situational factors Answer: A 24. According to Bandura, which factor most influences whether a person learns a behavior from observing others? a. Genetic predisposition b. Motivation to imitate c. Neuroticism levels d. Physiological needs Answer: B 25. Chris studies harder after seeing Hans, a classmate, succeed. This is an example of: a. Social facilitation b. Observational learning c. Cognitive dissonance d. Trait development Answer: B 26. If CJ attributes his failure at work to bad luck but takes credit for his success, what concept is this? a. Self-efficacy b. Self-serving bias c. External locus of control d. Optimism bias Answer: B 27. A person avoids new experiences and prefers a structured routine. According to the Big Five, they are likely low in: a. Conscientiousness b. Neuroticism c. Openness to experience d. Agreeableness Answer: C 28 A bystander calls for help after witnessing a car accident because no one else seems to act. This contradicts which phenomenon? a. Social facilitation b. Group polarization c. Diffusion of responsibility d. Mere exposure effect Answer: C 29. After a heated discussion, a group of friends holds even stronger opinions about an issue. This is an example of: a. Social loafing b. Group polarization c. Conformity d. Obedience Answer: B 30. You have a group member who does less work and does not do his part of the project because he believes that others will handle it. This is an example of: a. Social facilitation b. Diffusion of responsibility c. Social loafing d. Groupthink Answer: C