Final Exam Study Guide History of Western Civ I (Fall 2024) PDF

12/2/24, 1:21 PM Final Exam Study Guide: HIS-101-W2-10069 HISTORY OF WESTERN CIV I (Fall 2024) Final Exam Study Guide Western Civilization I - Final Exam Study Guide 1. The first modern Homo sapiens first appeared in Africa between 200,000 and 150,000 years...

12/2/24, 1:21 PM Final Exam Study Guide: HIS-101-W2-10069 HISTORY OF WESTERN CIV I (Fall 2024) Final Exam Study Guide Western Civilization I - Final Exam Study Guide 1. The first modern Homo sapiens first appeared in Africa between 200,000 and 150,000 years ago. 2. All of the following are believed to be developments of the Paleolithic Age a. the utilization of tools. b. origins of religious and decorative art. c a social system with rough equality between the sexes. d. the controlled use of fire. 3. Punishments for crimes under the Code of Hammurabi were more severe for the lower classes. 4. The Nile River provided ancient Egyptians with an excellent artery of transportation. 5. The focal points and sources of life for the ancient Egyptians were the Nile River and the pharaohs. 6. Ancient Egyptian history is divided into 3 major periods. 7. Osiris is the Egyptian gods was most closely associated with the mummification of the dead. 8. One of the few female pharaohs was Hatshepsut. 9. The tradition of the Hebrews states that they were descendants of the patriarch Abraham who had migrated from Mesopotamia to the land of Palestine. 10. King David's chief contribution in Hebrew history was the establishment of Hebrew control over all of Palestine. 11. Solomon's most revered contribution to the Hebrew society was to construct the Temple. 12. After the death of Solomon, tensions between the northern and southern tribes led to the establishment of two kingdoms, the kingdom of Israel and the kingdom of Judah. 13. The destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. and the Babylonian Captivity of the Hebrews occurred at the hands of the Chaldeans. 14. The greatest international sea traders of the ancient Near East were the Phoenicians. 15. Assyrian art was primarily concerned with glorifying the king, hunting and war. 16. Nebuchadnezzar II accomplished all of the following: a. the revision of the Persian law code. Canvas Guides b. rebuilding Babylon. c. defeating the Assyrians. d. destroyed Judah and carried the population into exile. 17. The Persian Empire reached its largest territorial boundaries under Darius.  18. The Persian Empire's system of satrapies allowed for a sensible system of collecting tribute based on an area's productive capacity. https://alabama.instructure.com/courses/43525/pages/final-exam-study-guide?module_item_id=5530586 1/5 12/2/24, 1:21 PM Final Exam Study Guide: HIS-101-W2-10069 HISTORY OF WESTERN CIV I (Fall 2024) 19. Zoroastrianism stressed the free will and power of humans to choose between good and evil. 20. Zoroastrianism, the evil spirit was known as Ahriman. 21. In Sparta life resembled that of a military camp. a. life resembled that of a military camp. b. there was no class distinction. c. helots (slaves) were treated well and could be expected to lead long lives. d. the government allowed for no representative procedures. e. women were more secluded than in democratic Athens. 22. The neighbors of the Spartans who were free inhabitants and required to pay taxes and perform military service but who were not citizens of Sparta were perioikoi. 23. The Athenian statesman who established the ten tribes and who weakened the aristocracy and increased the authority of the ordinary citizens was Cleisthenes. 24. At the Battle of Marathon, the Greeks won a decisive victory by aggressive attack against a stronger foe. 25. At the Battle of Thermopylae, the Spartans fought a noble holding action to the last man. 26. The Peloponnesian War resulted in the defeat of Athens and the collapse of its empire. 27. The Sophists were professional teachers who seemingly questioned the traditional values of their societies 28. Socrates was condemned to death for corrupting the youth of Athens. 29. Alexander the Great's troops rebelled when he made the decision to invade and capture India. 30. Among the most ill-treated of Hellenistic slaves were those who worked in the Egyptian gold mines. 31. An especially important cultural center with the largest library in ancient times was Alexandria 32. The mystery cults and religions of the Hellenistic world helped pave the way for the success of Christianity. 33. In the Hellenistic era, medicine progressed due to the use of dissection and vivisection. 34. The Jews in the Hellenistic era were dispersed throughout the eastern Mediterranean region. 35. For the Romans, Italy's geography made Rome a natural crossroads and an area easy to defend. (updated SU2015) 36. Rome was established in the first millennium B.C. on the plain of Latium. 37. As Rome expanded, it became Roman policy to govern the provinces with officials known as consuls. Canvas Guides 38. The paterfamilias in Roman society was the male head of the family. 39. The Twelve Tables was/were the first formal codification of Roman law and customs. 40. The immediate cause of the First Punic War was Rome sending an army to Sicily. 41. The Second Punic War saw Carthage carry a land war to Rome by crossing the Alps.  42. The Roman senator who led the movement for the complete destruction of Carthage was Cato. 43. The result of the Third Punic War was the complete destruction and subjugation of Carthage. https://alabama.instructure.com/courses/43525/pages/final-exam-study-guide?module_item_id=5530586 2/5 12/2/24, 1:21 PM Final Exam Study Guide: HIS-101-W2-10069 HISTORY OF WESTERN CIV I (Fall 2024) 44. The head of the Roman religious observances was the pontifex maximus. 45. The reforms of Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus resulted in further instability and violence as they polarized various social groups. 46. Julius Caesar led military commands in Spain and especially Gaul that enhanced his popularity. 47. The First Triumvirate included Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey. 48. By crossing the Rubicon, Caesar showed that he was willing to disobey the direct orders of the Senate. 49. Augustus held the title of imperator, consul, tribune and prineps. 50. The successor to Augustus and first of the Julio-Claudian rulers was Tiberius. 51. The largest area of Roman innovation in architecture was the use of concrete on a massive scale. 52. Imperial Rome's gladiatorial shows were government-backed spectacles used to content the masses. 53. Early Christianity was molded into a broader religious movement by Paul of Tarsus. 54. The emperor who said, "Live in harmony, make the soldiers rich, and don't give a damn for anything else" was Septimius Severus. 55. The Edict of Milan was Constantine's document officially tolerating the existence of Christianity. 56. The Council of Nicaea in 325 defined Christ as being "of the same substance" as God. 57. The father of hermit monasticism was St. Anthony. 58. The basic rule for western monastic living was developed by Benedict. 59. Benedictine monasticism was characterized by a. an ideal of moderation. b. the communal life. c. isolated, self-sustaining communities. d. vows and rules. 60. Pope Gregory the Great was responsible for all of the following: a. creating the Papal States. b. recognizing the Byzantine emperor as the rightful ruler of Italy. c. supporting the work of Christian missionaries in England. d. becoming Bishop of Rome. 61. One of the greatest nuns of the seventh monastery, and founder of the Whitby monastery was St. Hilda. 62. Justinian's most important contribution to Western civilization was his codification of Law. Canvas Guides 63. The cardinal principle of the Islamic faith is that there is only God and his prophet is Muhammad. 64. Muslim societies abide by a strict code of law, much of it derived from the holy book Qur'an, and regulating all aspects of Muslim life. This law code is called Shari’a.  65. Regarding sexuality, the Catholic Church in the Early Middle Ages could not enforce clerical celibacy. https://alabama.instructure.com/courses/43525/pages/final-exam-study-guide?module_item_id=5530586 3/5 12/2/24, 1:21 PM Final Exam Study Guide: HIS-101-W2-10069 HISTORY OF WESTERN CIV I (Fall 2024) 66. The Treaty of Verdun divided the Carolingian Empire in 843. 67. One of the most famous Vikings, who discovered Greenland, was Erik the Red. 68. Feudalism of medieval Europe was primarily a complex system of vassalage by which the weak sought protection and sustenance from powerful local nobles. 69. The major obligation of the lord to the vassal was economic support and protection either militarily or through grants of land. 70. The peasant's life during the Middle Ages was largely determined by the seasons. 71. Drinking water in the cities of the Middle Ages usually came from wells. 72. The first university to be founded in Europe appeared in Bologna. 73. William of Normandy's survey of his new royal possessions in England was recorded in the Domesday Book. 74. The founder of the Mongol Empire was Genghis Khan. 75. "Lay investiture" refers to the process by which secular lords took a decisive role in choosing prelates for church offices. 76. Pope Gregory VII claimed that popes had the right to depose kings and emperors. 77. The papacy reached its zenith of power in the thirteenth century during the papacy of Innocent III. (updated SU2015) 78. The sacramental system of the Catholic Church made the church an integral part of the people's lives from birth to death. 79. Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095 promised remissions of sins for joining the crusades to recapture the Holy Land. 80. The Black Death was most devastating in Italy. 81. One overall result of the Great Schism is the badly damaged the faith of many Christian believers. 82. The Great Schism is known as that period in the history of the Catholic Church marked by the creation and feuding of multiple popes. 83. Ars moriendi refers to the art of dying. 84. Concerning parent-child relationships in the Middle Ages parents lavished considerable attention and affection Canvas Guides on their offspring. 85. The most revolutionary of thirteenth and fourteenth-century inventions was/were clocks. 86. Women benefitted from the black death because there were new employment opportunities. 87. The word "Renaissance" means rebirth.  88. Economic developments in the Renaissance included a revival in trade. 89. Two key areas of Renaissance technological innovation were mining and metal working. https://alabama.instructure.com/courses/43525/pages/final-exam-study-guide?module_item_id=5530586 4/5 12/2/24, 1:21 PM Final Exam Study Guide: HIS-101-W2-10069 HISTORY OF WESTERN CIV I (Fall 2024) 90. Banquets during the Renaissance were used to express wealth and power of an aristocratic family. 91. The reintroduction of slavery in the fourteenth century occurred largely as a result of the shortage of labor created by the Black Death. 92. Machiavelli's ideas as expressed in The Prince achieve a model for a deeply religious conception of the religious sanctity of the state. 93. A subject of particular interest to fifteenth-century humanists was the Greek language. 94. Johannes Gutenberg played a leading role in perfecting movable type for printing? 95. Michelangelo painted Rome's Sistine Chapel ceiling. 96. The event that eventually led to Luther's break with the church was widespread sale of indulgences by preaching monks. 97. Luther's ideas were spread primarily through sermons. 98. Concerning the sacraments of the Catholic Church, Luther rejected all of them except baptism and communion, or the Lord's Supper. 99. The Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation opposed by Luther holds that at communion the bread and wine are miraculously turned into the body and blood of Jesus. 100.When Vasco da Gama reached India, he announced he was searching for “Christians and spices.” 101.In the 1440s, among the first profits the Portuguese derived from their maritime exploration and returning ships came from the sale of slaves. 102.In reality, the encomienda made the natives of the new world slaves of the Spanish. 103.The triangular trade connected the Americas, Europe, and Africa. 104.The Chinese dynasty which replaced the Ming in the seventeenth century and which came from Manchuria was the Qing. 105.The most valuable product from the West Indies was sugar. 106.The financial center of Europe in the seventeenth century was Amsterdam. Canvas Guides https://alabama.instructure.com/courses/43525/pages/final-exam-study-guide?module_item_id=5530586 5/5