Bio 100 Final Exam Preparation Guide PDF

Bio 100 - Study Guide The following is a list of question stems or ideas that you can expect to find on the Final exam. I suggest the following: Try to “answer” each question stem, or be able to describe the idea (you can use the lecture slides to help you….. Use “ctrl-F” to find terms in the le...

Bio 100 - Study Guide The following is a list of question stems or ideas that you can expect to find on the Final exam. I suggest the following: Try to “answer” each question stem, or be able to describe the idea (you can use the lecture slides to help you….. Use “ctrl-F” to find terms in the lecture google slides) Make a keyword list of all the science terms, and turn them into flashcards Review previous quizzes to identify potential question Here are the short answers: you will be presented with 4 of these questions. Each answer is worth 10 pts. Your answers should contain a minimum of 50 words. 1. How is genetic drift (and particularly bottleneck effect) related to conservation biology? (Include these terms: genetic variation, gene pool, evolution, population, adaptation) 2. In the Sonoran desert nurse plants like Ironwood trees (Olneya tesota) help create a microclimate that facilitates germination and seedling growth of cacti. Over time the growing cacti will use more water and nutrients, depleting the resources available for Olneya tesota. Very often the nurse plant ends up dying. a. Explain the interactions that happen between a cactus and its nurse plant over time. (+/+ , -/- , -/+). b. What will happen to the vegetation of the Sonoran desert if the number of nurse plants decreases? 3. Deforestation and the rise of atmospheric CO2 are correlated. Explain how. (use the following terms: photosynthesis, carbon fixation, respiration, organic matter, oxygen). 4. Define microevolution from macroevolution and explain how they are related. (use the following terms correctly: gene pool, gene flow, speciation, allele frequency, scale) 5. Describe a concept you learned this semester and explain why you chose to focus on this particular concept. (min 50 words) 6. Which was your favorite lab and why? (min 50 words) 7. Falsehood: "Plants obtain their energy solely through photosynthesis and do not undergo cellular respiration." Question: The statement above claims that plants only do photosynthesis and do not undergo cellular respiration. Design an experiment or series of experiments to either support or refute this hypothesis.  Bio 100 - Study Guide 8. What information can you extract from the following graph: (organism studied, years, factors studied, guess the research hypothesis and what conclusions can you draw) Here are examples of multiple choice questions that are very similar to the ones you will have on the exam (you will have 60 multiple choice questions - each question is worth 1pt) 1. Definitions of : theory, hypothesis 2. What is/are a. natural selection b. scientific method steps c. eukaryotic cell, domain eukarya + eukaryotic organisms d. prokaryotic cell, domain prokarya + prokaryotic organisms e. Function of rough ER 3. Mitochondria is an organelle with maternal DNA 4. Nucleus contains DNA from both parents 5. Where does the last protein modification ( cut out amino acids or adding carbohydrate labels) and shipping happen? 6. Lipids making the plasma membrane 7. Differences between animal and plant cells  Bio 100 - Study Guide 8. Atoms of a given element all have the same number of … 9. CO2 is a molecule or a … 10. Covalent bonds mean that electrons are … 11. Carbon atoms can form a maximum of …(how many) ….. (type of bonds) bonds. 12. DNA strands are bound to each other by … bonds 13. Where does glycolysis occur? 14. What is the equation for aerobic respiration? And photosynthesis? 15. The energy of ATP is released by breaking bonds between... 16. What energy rich molecule is cellular respiration ultimately producing? 17. What is the name of the animal storage carbohydrate molecule? 18. Electron transport chains happen in … 19. Where does the Calvin cycle happen? (type of cell, organelle) 20. Excited chlorophyll molecules have absorbed energy from a … 21. Which cells undergo mitosis and meiosis? 22. What are the stages of mitosis? 23. Where does crossing over occur? 24. DNa replication occurs before …? 25. What process halves the genetic material? 26. A man is colorblind and his wife is not. She has no color blindness in her family (i.e., she is NOT a carrier). If the couple has sons, what are their chances of being color blind? 27. What is the genotype of homozygous? 28. Is dominance an indicator of occurrence for an allele in a population? 29. Abraham has the AB blood type. Ophelia and her daughter are type O. Abraham _______________be the biological father. 30. Free earlobe is dominant (F) and attached earlobe recessive (f). What is the genotype for attached earlobe is… and the genotype of free earlobe is….  Bio 100 - Study Guide 31. Individuals with “ss” have sickle cell anemia while “SS” and “Ss” are symptom free. Sickle-cell anemia is a(n) ____________disorder. 32. What are the typical human sex chromosomes for females? Males? 33. What process makes an RNA copy of DNA? 34. Sort these from smallest to biggest: gene chromosome genome nucleotide 35. How does information flow in an eukaryotic cell? 36. DNA codon ATG codes from which amino acid? 37. If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence TAC GTC, what is the sequence of the other DNA strand? 38. Describes the evolution of pesticide resistance in a population of insects? 39. In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele ‘a’ is 0.4. What is the percentage of the population that is homozygous for this allele? 40. Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. Which microevolution process is affected? 41. Natural selection changes allele frequencies in populations because some __________ survive and reproduce more successfully than others. 42. Which mechanism is likely to be responsible for camouflage (cryptic) coloration? 43. Which of the following evolutionary mechanisms produces nonrandom (or predictable) changes in the genetic structure of a population? 44. True or false: Natural selection generates diversity in species 45. What can we learn from deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in populations? 46. True or false: Evolution is happening. 47. You are walking along in the woods and come across an organism that you’ve never seen before. It’s a small brown blob growing on the forest floor. You bring it back to the lab to determine which kingdom it belongs in. Under the microscope you can see that it is made up of many long, strand-like cells. The cells contain nuclei, mitochondria, and other organelles. It has no mouth or stomach, so it appears to get its nutrition by absorbing the nutrients in the soil. Using the dichotomous key below, which kingdom does this organism belong to? Dichotomous key:  Bio 100 - Study Guide 1A one-celled organism……2 1B multi-cellular organism…3 2A no organelles present…..Kingdom Monera 2B organelles present………Kingdom Protista 3A green in color…..Kingdom Plantae 3B color other than green…..4 4A eats food to get nutrition…..Kingdom Animalia 4B absorbs nutrients from its environment….Kingdom Fungi 48. Based on the dichotomous key, organisms in the kingdom Animalia more closely resemble organisms in the kingdom ___________ than any other kingdom. Dichotomous key: 1A one-celled organism……2 1B multi-cellular organism…3 2A no organelles present…..Kingdom Monera 2B organelles present………Kingdom Protista 3A green in color…..Kingdom Plantae 3B color other than green…..4 4A eats food to get nutrition…..Kingdom Animalia 4B absorbs nutrients from its environment….Kingdom Fungi 49. If a black ant mated with a fire ant, no live offspring would result. Biologically speaking, these two types of ants would be defined as NOT being members of the same … 50. Why is the fossil record incomplete? 51. What can we learn from comparative anatomy? 52. What is the evidence brought by the similarities of the embryos of fish, frogs, birds, and humans?  Bio 100 - Study Guide 53. Individuals within which of the following taxonomic groups are most closely related? 54. What is the theory of endosymbiosis? 55. Which plants are seedless and vascular? 56. What organisms exhibit radial symmetry? 57. Which animal group is most closely related to chordates? 58. Which animal phylum contains the most species? 59. What does the term tetrapod mean? 60. What features present in reptiles and absent in amphibians that freed them from dependence on water for reproduction? 61. Features unique to mammals include______ 62. Cactus plants, which are native to North and South America, have succulent stems to store water. While cacti are not found in the deserts of Africa, there are African plants with succulent stems that are unrelated to cacti. How can we explain these similarities? 63. What is the name of the maximum number of individuals that a given environment can support? 64. The earth is a closed system regarding …. But an open system regarding... 65. Which part of Earth receives the greatest intensity of solar radiation? 66. What is the most inclusive level of organization in nature? 67. What branch of science studies the interactions between organisms and their environments. 68. What is the dominant greenhouse gas? 69. What name is given to the seafloor? 70. Long, snowy winters as well as evergreen trees such as pine and fir are found in ______. 71. Most of the temperate grassland in North America has been converted to ______. 72. Which of the following is a population? 73. What is the shape of the Human population growth? 74. In an ideal, unlimited environment, what shape does a population's growth curve most closely resemble?  Bio 100 - Study Guide 75. In a realistic, limited environment, what shape does a population's growth curve most closely resemble? 76. Competition among individuals of the same species is ______ competition. 77. Competition among individuals of the different species is ______ competition. 78. What does an organism's "trophic level" refer to? 79. In the food chain grass → antelope → human → lion, who are the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumers and tertiary consumer? 80. What is mutualism, or +/+ relationship? 81. Humans have a diet based on animals and plants. They are...