Final Exam 3 (Neurology) PDF

**Exam 3** 1\. Which of the following describes the function of efferent neurons? **Carry signals away from CNS** 2\. Multiple sclerosis is defined as which of the following? **Immune cells attacking the myelination of nerve cells** 3\. During repolarization of a neuronal axon, which of the fol...

**Exam 3** 1\. Which of the following describes the function of efferent neurons? **Carry signals away from CNS** 2\. Multiple sclerosis is defined as which of the following? **Immune cells attacking the myelination of nerve cells** 3\. During repolarization of a neuronal axon, which of the following occurs? **Na+ channels are inactivating, and K+ channels open** 4\. During which period will the neuron NOT generate an action potential, regardless of strength of the stimuli? **Absolute refractory** 5\. Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic terminal when which of the following open? **Voltage gated Na+ channels** 6\. If in the summation of EPSP and IPSP, there are more EPSPs than IPSPs what is the postsynaptic neuron going to do? **The neuron will be excited (depolarized)** 7\. When a neuron becomes hyperpolarized that means the cell\'s membrane potential has done which of the following? **become more negative** 8\. Saltatory conduction is the propagation of an action potential by which of the following meylin? **The signal jumping from Node of Ranvier to Node of Ranvier** 9\. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells have similar functions with one major difference. Which of The following represents that difference? **Oligodendrocytes myelinate several axon. Schwann cells myelinate only one** 10\. In which of the following nervous system divisions are interneurons only found? **central nervous system** 11\. Which neuron receives the signal during transmission of nerve impulses from one neuron to another? **Postsynaptic neuron** 12\. Where does summation occur? Select the most specific answer. **the hillock** 13\. What is the value that needs to be reached to be considered threshold? **55mV** 14\. The most common and best understood of the hundreds of neurotransmitters in the human body are? **Acetylcholines** 15\. Which is the ion that is in highest concentration outside the neuron and plays a pivotal role in generating an action potential? **Sodium** 16\. Which of the following is part of the peripheral nervous system. **cranial nerves** 17\. Which part of the brain Is responsible tor the emotional connection associated to our senses **Limbic system** 18\. If you are suddenly aware that you are feeling\" pain coming from your small toe; which of the following is true? **Sensory information is traveling via a somatic afferent fiber** 19\. Which of the following does not pass through the thalamus? **sense of smell** 20\. Select the order of the meninges from most superficial to deepest? **Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater** 21\. The phrenic nerve innervates which organ? **diaphragm** 22\. Spinal nerves contain which of the following fibers? **sensory and motor** 23\. Name the artery that delivers blood to the brain. **Carotid** 24\. Which structure modulates your sense of sleep? **pineal gland** 25\. The perineurium is responsible for covering which of the following structures of the nervous system? **Fascicles** 26\. Which reflex is the one that when a withdrawal reflex is initiated in one lower limb the opposite lower limb will initiate extension? **Crossed extensor reflex** 27\. Which horn located in the spinal cord contains fibers that are transmitting sensory information? **dorsal horn** 28\. From which plexus do the nerves of the upper limb arise? **brachial plexus** 29\. An individual who was paralyzed for a period of time but then regained movement and sensation in his lower limbs is more than likely experiencing which of the following? **Spinal shock** 30\. You learned that the spinal cord contains three (3) white columns which carry information to and from the brain. Which of the following is carrying only motor signals? **ventral column** 31\. The dermatomal mapping tells which area of the body is associated with: **sensory innervation by spinal nerves** 32\. Which of the following is NOT part of the reflex arcs? **neurotransmitter** 33\. Cerebral Spinal Fluid (SF) is most closely similar to which of the following body fluids? **Serum** 34\. Which part of the embryonic brain will develop into the cerebrum? **forebrain** 35\. The primary area of integration for the sense of taste is located in which lobe? **Insula** 36\. Which lobe contains the primary area of for auditory integration? **Temporal** 37\. Which structure is the main conductor of autonomic homeostasis because it oversees the majority of visceral functions? **Hypothalamus** 38\. Injury to which part of the brain stem usually results in death because of the vital reflex centers located there, like cardiac rhythm? **Medulla oblongata** 39\. Most sensory impulses pass through which structure before being transmitted to their respective primary cortical regions? **thalamus** 40\. The higher brain functions are carried out by which part of the brain? **cerebrum** 41\. Parkinson\'s and Huntington\'s disease are disorders of which structures? **basal nuclei** 42\. Which of the cranial nerves innervates the viscera (organs) and thus is be part of the autonomic division? **Vagus (CNX)** 43\. Which of the following cranial nerves has the following 5 branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal. mandibular, cervical? **Facial** 44\. Which cranial nerve is responsible for your sense of hearing AND your sense of balance? **Vestibularcochlear** 45\. The frontal lobe has a primary role in which of the following actions? **motivation, aggression, personality and decision making** 46\. What function does the corpus callosum serve? **allows communication between left and right hemisphere** 47\. Which nerve has been effected if you suddenly lose your ability to focus your vision? **oculomotor nerve** 48\. Blood returns to circulation through a series of dural sinuses and veins. Which of the following receives the CFS that is being returned to the cardiovascular system? **arachnoid granulations** 49\. REM is initiated by which structure of the brain? **Sleep centers in the Pons** 50\. Afferent neurons of the optic nerve converge (come together) and then diverge (separate) in which structure? **Optic chiasma** 51\. What is considered the PRIMARY function of the nervous system? **Homeostasis, receive Sensory input, interrogation info, motor output, mental activity.** 52\. Which of the neuroglia we studied are responsible for regulating the CS concentration of the central nervous system? The form the blood brain barrier. **Astrocytes** 53\. Where does the integration of taste occur? **gustatory cortex, located in the insula** 54\. Name one of the major nerves that branches from the brachial plexus? **Median nerve** 56\. Name all the cranial nerves. - **Olfactory Nerve (I):** Sensory. - **Optic Nerve (II):** Sensory. - **Oculomotor Nerve (III):** Motor. - **Trochlear Nerve (IV):** Motor. - **Trigeminal Nerve (V):** Mixed. - **Abducens Nerve (VI):** Motor. - **Facial Nerve (VII):** Mixed. - **Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII):** Sensory. - **Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX):** Mixed. - **Vagus Nerve (X):** Mixed. - **Accessory nerve (CN XI): motor** - **Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII): motor**