FCLE Study Questions PDF

\*Which of the following ancient civilizations established a republican form of government?  - Roman During the 6th century B.C.E., the ancient Athenians divided the powers of their government between two assemblies and guaranteed certain political rights to all male citizens. How do these polit...

\*Which of the following ancient civilizations established a republican form of government?  - Roman During the 6th century B.C.E., the ancient Athenians divided the powers of their government between two assemblies and guaranteed certain political rights to all male citizens. How do these political reforms best illustrate how societies develop? - By limiting government authority. A certain country is characterized by the following traits: Text Box The establishment and maintenance of these traits is based on which of the following principles? - Divine right of kings 4. Which modern democratic concept practiced in the United States is most like the democratic process of ancient Greece? - The Referendum 5. What is the principal function of a written constitution? - Outlining the structure and powers of a government. 6. Which of the following objectives best describes the purpose of the system of checks and balances, as defined in the U.S. Constitution? - Keeping any one of the three branches of government from becoming too powerful. 7. Which modern process would be supported by the ancient Greeks? -  Electing Governors. 8. Laws against defamation, including libel and slander, property damage, and breach of contract, represent which legal concern is underlying most Western nations. -  Civil Law. 9. Use the passage below, from an exchange between former President Nixon and a television interviewer, to answer the question that follows.   Source: The Washington Post, June 5, 1977 Which constitutional principle does the statement from President Nixon contradict?  - Rule of Law. 10. Which form of government is based on popular sovereignty? - Republic. 11. Use the provided Preamble to the United States Constitution to answer the question.  Text Box Source: National Archives and Records Administration Which of the following statements best describes the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution? - Governments are accountable to the citizens over whom they rule. 12.  The U.S. Congress fulfilled which of the following purposes of government when it declared war on Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbor? - Providing for the common defense. 13. Which circumstance would require a search warrant? - Examining the contents of a hotel room. 14. In the United States, which of the following is permitted to citizens by the right of freedom of assembly? - The Right to Demonstrate. 15. A man is walking down a public street window-shopping. A robbery is reported in that same area. Police officers stop and search the man who is shopping. On what Constitutional grounds could this man contest this search as a violation of his rights? -  Fourth Amendment 16. In the United States, how are conflicts between state laws and federal laws generally resolved? -  The conflict must be resolved using the Supremacy Clause. 17. Which article of the U.S. Constitution grants the power to coin money, make treaties, and levy import duties? -  Article I 18. Use the scenario below to answer the question that follows.   Which of the following represents a suitable petition for the suspect in this situation in regard to their constitutional rights? - Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus. 19. Which phrase best describes the power of impeachment? - The ability of the U.S. House to charge federal officers with a crime or violation. 20. Use the excerpt below from the Declaration of Independence to answer the following question.  Text Box Source: National Archives and Records Administration Which constitutional provision was inspired by the above complaint? - The Third Amendment limits the quartering of soldiers to specific circumstances. 21. Use the passage below from a historical document to answer the question that follows.   Source: The U.S. Constitution, National Archives and Records Administration Which philosophical movement best reflects the ideals in the passage? - Enlightenment 22. Use the passage below, which was included in the Declaration of Sentiments adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, to answer the question that follows.  Text Box Source: Cady Stanton, E. (2006). Declaration of sentiments. In M. Boezi (Ed.), Voices of the American people (Vol. 1, p. 173). New York: Pearson Longman. From E. Cady Stanton, S. B. Anthony, & M. J. Gage (Eds.) (1881), History of woman suffrage (Vol. 1, pp. 67--94). Rochester, NY: Charles Mann. (Original work published 1848) - Declaration of Independence. 23. Which political philosopher's ideas are best represented in the Declaration of Independence? - John Locke 24. Why did colonists living under British rule protest British tax policies? - The colonists claimed that the tax policies violated their political rights. 25. In the Mayflower Compact, Plymouth settlers pledged to unite into \"a civil body politic\" and agreed to make and abide by laws that \"insured the general Good of the Colony.\"  - U.S Constitution. 26. Government by the people and the separation of powers are the main principles of which founding document.  - U.S Constitution. 27. Use the excerpt below, from the Thirteenth Amendment, to answer the question that follows.   Source: National Archives and Records Administration 28.  Which of the following contains a clause that may have served as an inspiration for the above language? - Northwest Ordinances. 29. The Mayflower Compact includes a pledge to ensure that all citizens look out for the general good of the colony. Based on this, what impact has the Mayflower Compact had on modern understanding of the purpose of government in the United States? - The government should provide equal protection under the law. 30. At the Constitutional Convention, there was a major debate between large states and small states about representation in the new Congress. This debate was resolved by the Great Compromise.  What was the result of this compromise? - Congress would have two houses, one in which state representation was based on population and one in which all states had equal representation. 31. Which of the following reflects the most important consequence of the Watergate break-in? -  Resignation of the President of the United States. 32. Which legislation reflects federal efforts to regulate transportation? -  Interstate Commerce Act. 33. The U.S. Supreme Court enabled which government practices to continue in its ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson? - Segregating public facilities. 34. Which of the following statements regarding the Monroe Doctrine is accurate? - The Monroe Doctrine prohibited future European colonization in the Western Hemisphere. 35. By what process were eighteen-year-olds fully granted the right to vote?  -  Constitutional Amendment. 36. Use the passage below, taken from a Presidential nomination speech, to answer the question that follows.  Text Box Source: National Archives and Records Administration Based on the passage, which government program would the speaker support? - New Deal. 37. In order to attract investment and business and reduce expenses, a state legislature proposes passing a law that removes the need for certain federal regulatory features relating to office and factory environments.  Which legislative action would most likely cause the U.S. Supreme Court to decide that this violated the Supremacy Clause? - Occupational Safety and Health Act 38. Use the passage below, from a landmark Supreme Court case opinion, to answer the question that follows.   Source: National Archives and Records Administration Which Supreme Court case established the precedent described in the opinion? - Marbury vs. Madison 39. Which of the following cases resulted in a decision that undermined civil rights and liberties in prioritization of national security? - Korematsu v. United States 40. \*A person is charged with felony breaking and entering. During the court proceedings, the defendant requested an attorney and was denied the right to counsel.  - Gideon v. Wainwright 41. What did Martin Luther King, Jr. do? - Fought for civil rights. 42. The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words? - We the People. 43. What is the highest court in the United States? - The Supreme Court 44. Who signs bills to become laws? - The President 45. What ocean is on the West Coast of the United States? - Pacific (Ocean) 46. What does the Constitution do? - Sets up the government, defines the government, protects fundamental rights of Americans. 47. What major event happened on September 11, 2001, in the United States? - Terrorists attacked the United States. 48. There were 13 original colonies. Name [three]. - Maryland, Virginia, New York. 49. Who makes federal laws? - Congress. Senate and House (of Representatives). (U.S. or national) legislature. 50. Why do some states have more Representatives than other states? - Because of the state's population. 51. Why did the colonists fight the British? - Because of high taxes, no self-government, because the army stayed at their houses. 52. Where is the Statue of Liberty? - New York Harbor 53. What is [one] responsibility that is only for United States citizens? - Serve on a jury. 54. What is the Supreme Law of the land? - The Constitution 55. What is an amendment? - A change (to the Constitution)// An addition (to the Constitution) 56. What did the Declaration of Independence do? - Announced our independence (from Great Britain). Declared our independence (from Great Britain). Said that the United States is free (from Great Britain) 57. What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence? - Life. Liberty. Pursuit of Happiness 58. What is freedom of religion? - You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion. 59. What is the economic system in the United States? - Capitalist Economy. Market Economy. 60. What is the "rule of law"? - Everyone must follow the law. Leaders must obey the law. Government must abide by the law. No one is above the law. 61. Name [one] branch or part of the government. - Executive Branch (President and the Cabinet) Legislative Branch (Congress= H. of Rep & Senate). Judicial Branch (Supreme Court and other federal courts) 62. What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful? - Checks and balances. Separation of Powers. 63. Who is in charge of the executive branch? - the President, VP and the Cabinet 64. What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress? - the Senate and House of Representatives. 65. How many U.S. Senators are there? - 100 (2 per state) 66. We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years? - 6 years. 67. Who is one of your state's U.S. Senators now? - Rick Scott and Marco Rubio 68. Who is your state's U.S Governor now? - Ron DeSantis 69. The House of Representatives has how many voting members? - 435 (based on the state's population) 70. We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years? - 2 71. Name your U.S. Representative. - Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick 72. Who does a U.S Senator represent? - All people of the state 73. We elect a President for how many years? - 4 years. 74. In what month do we vote for President? - November 75. What is the name of the President of the United States now? - Joe Biden 76. What is the name of the Vice-President of the United States now? - Kamala Harris 77. If the President can no longer serve, who becomes president? - The Vice-President. 78. If the President, and the Vice-President can no longer serve, who becomes President? - The Speaker of the House. 79. Who is the commander in Chief of the military? - The President. 80. Who vetoes bills? - The President 81. What does the President's Cabinet do? - Advises the President 82. What are [two] Cabinet-level positions? - Secretary of Commerce, and Secretary of Education. 83. What does the judicial branch do? - Reviews laws, explains laws, resolves disputes (disagreements), decides if a law goes against the Constitution. 84. How many justices are on the Supreme Court? - 9 justices 85. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now? - John Roberts 86. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is [one] power of the federal government? - To print money. To declare war. To create an army. To make treaties. 87. State vs. Federal Gov. - Constitution divides power between national and state governments. - This division of power is called "Federalism." - Shared Powers---ability to tax people. 88. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the States. What is [one] power of the States? - Provide schooling and education. Give a driver\'s license. 89. What is the capital of your state? - Tallahassee. 90. What are the two major political parties in the United States? - Democratic and Republican. 91. What is the political party of the President now? - Democratic. 92. What is the name of the Speaker of the House now? - Mike Johnson 93. There are 4 amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe [one] of them. - Citizens 18 and older can vote. You don\'t have to pay to vote. 94. Name [one] right only for United States citizens. - Vote in a federal election. Run for federal office. 95. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance? - The United States and the flag. 96. What is [one] promise you make when you become a United States citizen? - Defend the Constitution and the laws of the United States. Give up loyalty to other countries. 97. How old do citizens have to be to vote for President? - 18 and older. 98. What are [two] ways that Americans can participate in their democracy? - Vote. Join a civic group. Run for office. Join a political party. 99. When is the last day you can send in federal income tax forms? - April 15^th^ 100. When must all men register for the Selective Service? - At age 18. Between 18 and 26 years old. 101. What is [one] reasons colonists came to America? - Freedom. Economic opportunity. Escape persecution. 102. Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived? - American Indians, Native Americans. 103. What group of people was taken to America and sold as slaves? - Africans. People from Africa. 104. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? - Thomas Jefferson. 105. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? - July 4^th^, 1776. 106. There were 13 original states. Name [three]. - New York. Virginia. Delaware. 107. What happened at the Constitutional Convention? - The Constitution was written. The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution. 108. When was the Constitution written? - 1787. 109. The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S Constitution. Name [one] of the writers. - James Madison. Alexander Hamilton. John Jay. Publius. 110. What is one thing Benjamin Franklin is famous for? - U.S. diplomat. Oldest member of the Constitutional Convention. 111. Who is the "Father of Our Country"? - George Washington. 112. Who was the First President? - George Washington. 113. What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803? - Louisiana. 114. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s. - War of 1812. Mexican-American War. Civil War. Spanish-American War. 115. Name the U.S War between the North and the South. - The Civil War. 116. Name one problem that led to the Civil War. - Slavery, economic reasons, and state's rights. 117. What was one important thing that Abraham Lincoln did? - Freed slaves. Saved the Union. Led the United States during the Civil War. 118. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? - Freed the slaves. 119. What did Susan B. Anthony do? - Fought for women\'s rights. Fought for civil rights. 120. Name one war fought by the United States in 1900s. - World War I. World War II. Korean War. Vietnam War. 121. Who was President during World War I? - Woodrow Wilson. 122. Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II? - Franklin Roosevelt. 123. Who did the United States fight in World War II? - Japan, Germany and Italy. 124. Before he was President, Eisenhower was a general. What war was he in? - World War II. 125. What was the United States\' main concern During the Cold War? - Communism. 126. What movement tried to end racial discrimination? - Civil Rights movement. 127. Name one American Indian tribe in the United States. - Cherokee. Navajo. Apache. Seminole. Blackfeet. 128. Name [one] of the two longest rivers in the United States. - Missouri River. Mississippi River. 129. What ocean is on the East Coast of the United States. - Atlantic Ocean. 130. Name [one] U.S territory. - Puerto Rico. Guam. 131. Name [one] state that borders Canada. - Maine. New York. Michigan. 132. Name [one] state that borders Mexico. - California. New Mexico. Texas. 133. What is the capital of the United States? - Washington D.C 134. Why does the flag have 13 stripes? - Because there were 13 original colonies. 135. Why does the flag have 50 stars? - Because it represents each state. 136. What is name of the national anthem? - The Star-Spangled Banner 137. Name [two] national holidays. - Memorial Day and Thanksgiving 138. When do we celebrate Independence Day? - July 4^th^ 139. What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution? - The Bill of Rights ratified in 1791. 140. How many amendments does the Constitution have? - 27 and must be ratified by ¾ states. It can only be made by a 2/3 vote in the Senate and House of Representatives. **Amendments:** 141. What is [one] right or freedom from the 1^st^ Amendment? - Amendment that represents freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition. 142. What is [one] right or freedom from the 2^nd^ Amendment? - Right to keep and bear arms. 143. What is [one] right or freedom from the 3^rd^ Amendment? - Amendment that prohibits forced quartering of soldiers. 144. What is [one] right or freedom from the 4^th^ Amendment? - Amendment that prohibits unreasonable search & seizures. 145. What is [one] right or freedom from the 5^th^ Amendment? - Protects the right to due process and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy. 146. What is [one] right or freedom from the 6^th^ Amendment? - A fair and speedy public trial by jury, and right to retain counsel. 147. What is [one] right or freedom from the 7^th^ Amendment? - Amendment that provides the right to trial by jury in civil cases. 148. What is [one] right or freedom from the 8^th^ Amendment? - Prohibits excessive fines and excessive bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishment. 149. What is [one] right or freedom from the 9^th^ Amendment? - Protects rights not enumerated in the Constitution. 150. What is [one] right or freedom from the 10^th^ Amendment? - Reinforces some powers reserved to the states. 151. What is [one] right or freedom from the 11^th^ Amendment? - Makes states immune from suits from out-of-state citizens and foreigners. 152. What is [one] right or freedom from the 12^th^ Amendment? - Amendment that states presidential electors have to vote for President and Vice-President separately. 153. What is [one] right or freedom from the 13^th^ Amendment? - Abolishes slavery, and involuntary servitude. 154. What is [one] right or freedom from the 14^th^ Amendment? - Defines citizenship. Due Process Clause. The Equal Protection Clause. - All persons born in the united states are granted citizenship. - No state can deny any person the equal protection of the laws. - No state can deny any person life, liberty, property without due process of law. 155. What is [one] right or freedom from the 15^th^ Amendment? - Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color or previous condition of servitude. 156. What is [one] right or freedom from the 16^th^ Amendment? - Permits Congress to levy an income tax. 157. What is [one] right or freedom from the 17^th^ Amendment? - Establishes the direct election of U.S Senators by popular vote. 158. What is [one] right or freedom from the 18^th^ Amendment? - Congress has the right to prohibit the manufacture, sale and transportation of liquor. 159. What is [one] right or freedom from the 19^th^ Amendment? - Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex. 160. What is [one] right or freedom from the 20^th^ Amendment? - Presidential Inauguration Day is Jan. 20 and Jan. 3 is the date for the new Congress's opening. If the president dies before swearing in, the Vice-President elected becomes president. 161. What is [one] right or freedom from the 21^st^ Amendment? - Repeals the 18^th^ Amendment and makes it a federal offense to transport or import intoxicating liquors into U.S.A. 162. What is [one] right or freedom from the 22^nd^ Amendment? - Amendment that limits the President elected to two full terms in office---no more than twice. 163. What is [one] right or freedom from the 23^rd^ Amendment? - Grants the District of Columbia electors in the Electoral College. 164. What is [one] right or freedom from the 24^th^ Amendment? - Prohibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of a poll tax or any other tax. 165. What is [one] right or freedom from the 25^th^ Amendment? - Amendment that provided for succession to the office of president in the event of death or incapacity and for filling vacancies in the office of the Vice-President 166. What is [one] right or freedom from the 26^th^ Amendment? - Prohibits the denial of the right of U.S citizens, 18 years of age or older, to vote on account of age. 167. What is [one] right or freedom from the 27^th^ Amendment? - Amendment that banned Congress form increasing its members\' salaries until the next election. **Landmark Cases Question:** 1. This case established the policy of judicial review: - Marbury vs. Madison 2. This case ended segregation in public schools. - Brown vs. Board of Education 3. This case advocated free speech in the schools in the form of an anti-war protest. - Tinker vs. Des Moines 4. This case guaranteed certain rights for individuals being arrested. - Miranda vs. Arizona 5. This decision allowed for women to have abortions. - Roe vs. Wade 6. In Plessy V. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was: - Legal as long as the facilities were equal. 7. This case determined that flag burning is protected by free speech. - Texas vs. Johnson 8. This case determined that public prayer and Bible readings in school violates the First Amendment. - Engel vs. Vitale 9. This case determined that schools only need reasonable suspicion (not a warrant) to search students as a necessary step to provide a safe learning environment. - New Jersey vs. TLO 10. In this case the court ruled the policy of using quotas (a predetermined number) based on race or gender as part of affirmative action in hiring or admission practices is unconstitutional. - Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke 11. During WWII, the Supreme Court ruled that relocation of Japanese-American citizens to internment camps was constitutional in this case. - Korematsu vs. U.S 12. This 1857 ruling declared slaves are property and not citizens and it nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820. - Dred Scott vs. Sandford 13. In Tinker v. Des Moines, the Tinkers were suspended from school for: - Wearing black armbands 14. Which lessons did future U.S leaders learn from the 1974 Supreme Court Case U.S v. Nixon? - The president is accountable for obeying the laws. 15. States must pay for public defenders as a result of which U.S Supreme Court case? - Gideon vs. Wainwright 16. Evidence that is illegally obtained by the state may not be used against a defendant in court based on this case. - Mapp vs. Ohio **Landmark Cases Information:** 1. Brown v. Board of Education (1954): Segregation in public education is unconstitutional. 2. Bush vs. Gore (2000): Settled a recount dispute in Florida\'s 2000 presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore. 3. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010): Held that Corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in elections cannot be limited under the 1^st^ Amendment. 4. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857): Slaves are not citizens and cannot sue. 5. District of Columbia vs. Heller (2008): The Court found a District of Columbia law strictly regulating gun ownership to be unconstitutional. 6. Engel v. Vitale (1962): School-sponsored prayer is unconstitutional. 7. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): Federal government has power over interstate commerce. 8. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963): Indigent defendants have the right to counsel. 9. Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988): Schools can limit the free speech rights of students. 10. Korematsu v. United States (1944): Japanese American internment during World War II was constitutional. 11. Mapp v. Ohio (1961): Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible in state courts. 12. Marbury v. Madison (1803): Establishment of judicial review and the importance of the separation of powers. 13. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Congress has implied powers to create a national bank. 14. Miranda v. Arizona (1966): Police must inform suspects of their rights. 15. New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985): School searches do not violate the Fourth Amendment. 16. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015): Same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry. 17. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): \"Separate but equal\" segregation is upheld. 18. Regents of the U. of California v. Bakke (1978): Affirmative action must be limited, and race cannot be the sole criterion. 19. Roe v. Wade (1973): Abortion is legalized nationwide. 20. Schenck v. United States (1919): Free speech is not absolute in times of war. 21. Texas v. Johnson (1989): Burning the American flag is protected symbolic speech. 22. Tinker v. Des Moines (1969): Students have free speech rights in public schools. 23. United States v. Nixon (1974): Court limits executive privilege, no one is above the law. 24. West Virginia vs. Barnette (1943): The case established that students have some 1^st^ Amendment rights and that the government cannot force people to agree on a single opinion.