Eyes and Ears Pharmacology PDF
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Uploaded by DeadOnDubnium2576
Auburn University
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Summary
This document provides information on the pharmacology for different eye and ear conditions. It details treatments for conjunctivitis, glaucoma, and cataracts, including medications and their mechanisms of action. The document covers different types of medications, both agonists and antagonists, important information on side effects, contraindications, and adverse outcomes.
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NURS 3010: PathoPharmacology for Simple and Stable Conditions Disorders of the Eyes and Ears - Conjunctivitis o Pharmacology ▪ Allergic Topical steroid Antihistamine drops ▪ Bacterial Antibiotic oint...
NURS 3010: PathoPharmacology for Simple and Stable Conditions Disorders of the Eyes and Ears - Conjunctivitis o Pharmacology ▪ Allergic Topical steroid Antihistamine drops ▪ Bacterial Antibiotic ointment or drops ▪ Viral Antivirals (when caused by Herpes or Varicella) ▪ Chlamydia Systemic antibiotics for 1 month - Glaucoma o Pharmacology (goal is to decrease intraocular pressure) ▪ Increase in humor outflow Prostaglandin analogs* Miotic or cholinergic agents* ▪ Decrease humor production Beta blockers* Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ▪ Both Alpha-2 agonists* - Cataracts o Pharmacology ▪ Stool softeners ▪ Pre-op meds Mydriatics (alpa-1 adrenergic agonists) NURS 3010: PathoPharmacology for Simple and Stable Conditions Disorders of the Eyes and Ears Anticholinergics - Meniere’s Disease o Pharmacology ▪ Antiemetics Promethazine Scopolamine ▪ Loop diuretics Increase urine output and decrease fluid pressure in the ear NURS 3010: PathoPharmacology for Simple and Stable Conditions Disorders of the Eyes and Ears BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS Eye Drops Nonselective (Beta 1 & Beta 2) timolol MOA/Purpose Decrease IOP by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor produced Therapeutic Use Glaucoma Stinging discomfort (should go away, do not rub) Beta 1 o Bradycardia (hold if HR below 50) (caution in pts with diabetes-can mask Complications/ hypoglycemia tachycardia and insulin) o Decreased cardiac output (caution in heart failure- shortness of breath, edema, Side Effects weight gain, fatigue) o Orthostatic hypotension Beta 2 o Bronchoconstriction Contraindicatio Chronic respiratory disorders ns ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC AGONISTS Eye Drops brimonidine MOA/Purpose Decrease production of humor and increase outflow of humor to decrease IOP Therapeutic Use Glaucoma NURS 3010: PathoPharmacology for Simple and Stable Conditions Disorders of the Eyes and Ears Complications/ Stinging discomfort Dilated pupils, blurred vision, dry mouth, headache (agonists- sympathetic actions) SE Hypotension, drowsiness Contraindicatio antihypertensives ns PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS Eye Drops lantoprost MOA/Purpose Increase outflow of humor to decrease IOP Therapeutic Use Glaucoma Complications/ Stinging discomfort, burning, reddened conjunctiva Blurred vision SE Increased pigmentation (brown of the iris) NURS 3010: PathoPharmacology for Simple and Stable Conditions Disorders of the Eyes and Ears CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS Eye Drops pilocarpine MOA/Purpose Increase outflow of humor to decrease IOP Therapeutic Use Glaucoma Complications/ Retinal detachment SE Blurred vision Adverse Effects SLUDGE and the Killer Bs (parasympathetic) – antidote is atropine (sympathetic) ADRENERGIC AGONISTS (alpha-1) Eye Drops phenylephrine MOA/Purpose Dilates pupil Complications/ Cardiovascular (vasoconstriction, hypertension) SE Sweating, tremor, agitation, confusion ANTICHOLINERGICS Eye Drops atropine MOA/Purpose Constricts pupil (Prevents accommodation by blocking Ach) Complications/ Blurred vision SE Photophobia NURS 3010: PathoPharmacology for Simple and Stable Conditions Disorders of the Eyes and Ears Anticholinergic (dry saliva and respiratory secretions) Adverse Effects Glaucoma
