Language Learning Methods PDF

**Gramar-translation** - Emphasis on gramar and vocabulary - Students being taught all about English in their own language with texts, grammar rules and vocabulary - Oral fluency is not emphasized **Natural method** - Teacher talks only in the language to learn - Grammar was not...

**Gramar-translation** - Emphasis on gramar and vocabulary - Students being taught all about English in their own language with texts, grammar rules and vocabulary - Oral fluency is not emphasized **Natural method** - Teacher talks only in the language to learn - Grammar was not taught and translation was irrelevant - Advantagesyou learn how to talk and improves listening - Disadvantagesyou don't know how to write - You direct your attention to a topic/context - Advantagesless use of spontaneous language. Pre-selected and graded materials. Ral pattern frills for memorization. Translation. Reading and writing after speech - Disadvantagesyou only learn the vocabulary of the context. Shy students could be a problem (not to force them) - Improvement of the direct method - Situation of language (more specific than a context) - Translation not allowed - Advantagesaccuracy in pronunciation and grammar. Ability to respond quickly. Automatic control of basic structures - Disadvantagesmay not be suitable for advanced learners. May not address to individual learning style. Can be time-consuming - Successor to the direct method - Target language is used exclusively, lots of repetition. Drills - Avoidance of error and emphasis on oral skills - Advantagesadvanced people in listening and talking - Disadvantagesneglects reading and writing skills - Feelings, emotions - Development of human values - Active student involvement - They listen dialogues accompanied by translations and notes in the native language - Very relaxed ambient - Decoration, music, comfort - Advantagesaccelerated learning. Stress-free environment. Boosts self-confidence - Disadvantagespotential distractions. Lack of clear structure - Learning with colours - Memorize roles related to concepts - Advantagesperfect pronunciation. Enhances long-term memory retention - Disadvantagesdifficult and it takes lot of time to memorize - Similar to counsel therapy: teacher is see as a counsellor - Sits in a circle with students, translating anything they want to say - No material and the teacher does not correct errors overly - Advantagesit reduces learner anxiety. They learn to understand and speak the target language - Disadvantagesthe teacher doesn't correct errors. They don't practice writing skills **Natural approach** - Emphasized the role of natural language and underlines the importance of the emotional - Learners use their mother tongue while foreign language comprehension is developing - Advantagesyou learn basic vocabulary to use in an informal context. Oral skills improved. More emotional than cognitive factors - Disadvantagesit doesn't practice reading and writing. It doesn't practice communication if formal context **Delayed oral practice** - First, you understand what you hear and read - Second, you produce talking and writing - Advantagesimprovement of oral skills. Enhances comprehension skills - Disadvantagesit takes time to learn to write **Total physical response (TPR)** - Emphasis on the actions that learners have to make - Comprehension is established before production - Advantagesmotivated students. Suitable for young learners. It doesn't require extensive preparation - Disadvantagesmay not adequately develop writing skills. Can become repetitive. Limited with complex structures **Teaching proficiency through reading and storytelling (TPRS)** - Using a mixture of reading and storytelling - 1step new vocabulary to be learned are taught using trnalatioin, gestures and personalized questions - 2step those structures are used in a spoken class story - 3 step the same structures are used in a class reading - Advantagesenhances comprehension skills. Engaging and enjoyable learning environment. Integrates reading, listening and storytelling - Disadvantagesmay not adequately develop writing skills. Can become repetitive **Task-based method** Focused on completing meaningful tasks Use of real-world tasks to engage learners Advantagesenhances communication skills through meaningful interaction. Real-world context. Boosts student motivation Disadvantagesmay not suit all learning styles. Can be challenging to implement. Requires careful task planning **Project-based method** - Based on the same theoretic and methodological principles than task-based work - The main difference is the duration - Advantagessame as task-based - Disadvantagessame as task-based **Lexical approach method** - Emphasizes the importances of vocabulary and lexical units - Promotes the use of authentic material - Aims to develop the student ability to combine chunks for fluently communication - Advantagesaccelerates language acquisition through chunking. Enhances fluency. Practical use of language **Content-based teaching CLIL** - Focus on content if it is taught in eeuu - Basically is learning English through other subject like history or biology - Language skills integration - Advantagesenhances language competence through meaningful context. Increases motivation. Prepare students for academic future - Disadvantagesmay provide limited exposure to a wide range of language structures. Time-consuming for teachers. Can be challenging for some students **TPACK Technological pedagogical content knowledge framework** - Understanding of digital tools, knowing of teaching methods and expertise in the subject matter - Advantagesenhances learning engagement. Enhances the digital competence - Disadvantagesrequires significant time. May look administrative support **UDL Universal Desing for Learning** - Principlesexpression, representation and engagement - Need to be challenging and achievable. Enhanced curriculum. Remove barriers and enhance strengths - Advantagesflexible options for diverse needs. Adopts content to learners. Promotes inclusivity and equity - Disadvantagesrequires significant time. May lack administrative support **eTwinning** - It is a collaborative online platform initiated by the European commission that enables schools from EU and other nations to develop joint educational projects - Provides material, projects and courses **Common European Framework** - Competences/skills - Receptionlistening and reading - Production -\> speaking and listening - Mediationtranslating and interpreting - LevelsA1-C2 **Areas of knowledge** - Growth in harmony - Knowledge and interaction with the physical world - Communication and representation of reality **Communicative approach** - Aim to produce communicative students - Conformed by the theory of language, theory of learning, communicative activities and teacher and learner roles **Communicative competence** - Grammar competence - Sociolinguistic competence - Discourse competence - Strategic competence - Sociocultural competence **Case study** 1. Description of the activity 2. Contents 3. Method 4. Competences/skills 5. Materials, timing, space, grouping 6. Use of new technologies 7. Assessment 8. Parents involvement