Ethics Introduction to Ethics - Week 2 PDF

Ethics Introduction to Ethics - week 2 In Healthcare Delivery DEFINITION OF TERMS ○ Led Procedures without foreseen benefits...

Ethics Introduction to Ethics - week 2 In Healthcare Delivery DEFINITION OF TERMS ○ Led Procedures without foreseen benefits are done on charity patients for Ethics - The science of human acts with reference "academic purposes" to right and wrong ○ Healthcare professionals, hospitals, or Bioethics - The division of Ethics that relates to managed care corporations driven by human life market forces Health Ethics - The division of ethics that relates to ○ Unwanted drugs in developed countries human health are "dumped" to developing countries for Professional Ethics - Division of ethics that relates tax and other financial incentives to professional behavior ○ Health services are maldistributed to favor areas with better "return of Medical Ethics investments The application of the ethical reasoning to medical decision making In research It is concerned with the critical reflection on the ○ Poor communities bear the burdens that norms or values, good and bad, right or wrong, what rich communities benefit from ought and ought not to be done in the context of ○ Subjects do not give free and informed medical practice consent and are not given the best available medical care of the end project CHANGES THAT GAVE RISE TO THE ○ In education NEED OF BIOETHICS ○ Trainees are treated as slaves, expected to do menial tasks, work overtime without time for rest and relaxation, and have no I. SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES rights Led to unprecedented levels of intervention in ○ Ideas from students are "intellectually the natural processes from before birth to death cannibalized" by teachers who claim Decisions regarding who deserve to live and who them as their own should be deprived of life are man-made ○ The meek are sexually harassed to serve Personal doctor-patient encounter has evolved as dates, ushers and entertainers into a technology-driven enterprise What is done is often dictated by what can be done. GOALS OF BIOETHICS A. Options that affect the beginning of their life To help one recognize the ethical component and and even before it implications of every action in order to arrive at ○ Assisted technologies a justifiable decision ○ Surrogate motherhood To have one committed to Bioethics, and ○ Genetic testing integrate it into one's daily living ○ New contraceptive methods To correct the disequilibrium between ○ Choice to have a baby or not, who to technological possibility and moral energy carry the baby, what kind of baby to To help physicians become a knowledgeable and have, and when and how to deliver compassionate professional C. At the end of life or even after People are either made to die as in euthanasia; THE NEED FOR BIOETHICS IN MEDICAL death penalty; physician assisted suicide; SCHOOLS AND OTHER HEALTH prevented from dying by life sustaining measures SCIENCES II. INEQUALITIES IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC, "The extreme variations of values and behavior EDUCATIONAL AND POLITICAL POSITIONS coupled with democratic space in schools and PREPARED BY: ALIH 1  hospitals may cause some students to fail in their WHAT IS THE RELATION OF ETHICS TO decisions and evaluation of what they see and OTHER SCIENCES hear"; Ethics and Logic "Due to individual differences, they may be Ethics and Psychology allowed to choose their own way of being moral Ethics and Sociology within the prescribed ethical norms"; Ethics and Economics Ethics and Education "With the world becoming more complicated Ethics, Morality and Law over numerous opinions, brand new ideas, Ethics and Politics high-strung emotions..... Some may arrive at Ethics and Religion ethical decisions that run contrary to what is prescribed" EVOLUTION OF BIOETHICS MEDICAL ETHICS Oldest phase of bioethical exploration which is a formulation of ethical norms for the conduct of health care professionals in the treatment of patients Consists of physician-patient relationship in which duties and rights are involved Respect for these rights and acting by one's duties will be for the good of both physician and patient, any infractions is detrimental to the relationship RESEARCH ETHICS 2nd phase in the development Refers to the use of humans as experimental specimen Prisoners, poor patients, children and fetuses PUBLIC POLICY 3rd stage in the development of bioethical inquiry Accentuates the participatory aspect of decision-making in a democratic set-up with regard to the formulation of public policies for the benefit of all This phase refers to the people's efforts or involvement in formulating public guidelines for both clinical cases and biomedical research PREPARED BY: ALIH 2