ENG12 MODULE 3 - SPANISH PERIOD PDF

Republic of the Philippines PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur The Literature during the Spanish Period Name of Student ________________________________...

Republic of the Philippines PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur The Literature during the Spanish Period Name of Student ________________________________ Week/Period: Course Code: ENG12 Name of Faculty: GLENDA B. ZARCEDO Course Title: Survey of Philippine Literature in English Semester/AY: First Semester 2024-2025 A. INTRODUCTION This module is focused on the discussion of literature during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. It includes the characteristics of literary works produced during this period. B. OBJECTIVES: At the end of this module, students are expected to: 1. characterize literature during the Spanish period; 2. identify common themes reflected in the sample literary pieces under these era; and 3. explain the Spanish influence on Philippine literature. C. CONTENT Spanish Influences on the Philippine Literature The Spanish colonization of the Philippines, which lasted over three centuries, profoundly shaped the country's literary tradition. During this period, literature was not only a reflection of the cultural and religious transformation brought about by Spanish rule but also a means of documenting and resisting the colonial experience. The characteristics of literature from this era are deeply rooted in the intersection of indigenous traditions and the pervasive influence of Spanish culture and Catholicism. Religious themes dominated the literary landscape, with many works serving as tools for evangelization, such as the "Pasyon," religious poems, and catechisms that conveyed Christian teachings in a form accessible to the Filipino populace. The use of the Spanish language became widespread, yet vernacular languages were also employed, creating a unique bilingual literary culture. Religious lyrics written by landino poets or those versed in both Spanish and Tagalog were included in early catechism and were used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language. Literature during this period often took on a didactic tone, emphasizing moral instruction and social order as dictated by the colonial regime. However, as the Filipino consciousness evolved, so did the literature, which began to subtly and later overtly critique colonial rule. Works like José Rizal's "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo" exemplify this shift, using narrative fiction to expose social injustices and ignite the flames of nationalism. Module 2 -| Philippine Literature during the Pre-Colonial and the Spanish Periods Page 1 of 5  Republic of the Philippines PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur Gaspar Aquino De Belen – the most gifted among the Ladinos. He wrote the Mahal na Pasion ni Jesu Christo, a Tagalog poem based on Christ’s passion, was published in 1704. Religion and institutions that represented European civilization enriched the languages in the lowlands, introduced theater which we would come to known as komedya, the sinakulo, the sarswela, the playlets and the drama. The First Books 1. ANG DOCTRINA CRISTIANA first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography written by Fr. Juan de Palencia (Tagalog) and Fr. Domingo Nieva (Spanish) It contained the following: Pater Noster (Our Father) Ave Maria (Hail Mary) Regina Coeli (Hail Holy Queen) Ten Commandments of God Commandments of the Catholic Church Seven Mortal Sins How to Confess Catechism 2. NUESTRA SEÑORA DEL ROSARIO the second book printed in the Philippines written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose in 1602 printed at the UST Printing Press with the help of Juan De Vera It contains the biographies of saints, novenas, and questions and answers on religion 3. LIBRO DE LOS CUATRO POSTPRIMERAS DE HOMBRE The first book printed in typography. 4. ANG BARLAAN AT JOSEPHAT A Biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated to Tagalog from Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja. It is believed to be the first Tagalog novel published in the Philippines even if it’s only a translation. 1. THE PASION A book about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ. There were four versions of this in Filipino (Pilapil, de Belen, de la Merced and the de Guia version) 6. ANG MGA DALIT KAY MARIA (psalms for mary) collection of songs praising the Virgin Mary written by Fr. Mariano Sevilla in 1865 Module 2 -| Philippine Literature during the Pre-Colonial and the Spanish Periods Page 2 of 5  Republic of the Philippines PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur 2. URBANA AT FELISA A book by Modesto de Castro, the so-called Father of classic prose in Tagalog These are letters between two sisters Urbana and Felisa. It has influenced greatly the behavior of people in society because the letters dealt with good behavior. Literary Compositions PSALM Artes y reglas de la lengua tagala (Arts and rules of the Tagalog language) written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose and translated into Tagalog by Tomas Pinpin in 1610 Comprendio de la lengua tagala (Understanding the Tagalog language) written by Fr. Gaspar de San Agustin in 1703 vocabulario de la lengua tagala (Tagalog vocabulary) the first Tagalog dictionary written by Fr. Pedro de San Buenaventura in 1613 vocabulario de la lengua Pampanga (Pampango vocabulary) the first book in Pampango written by Fr. Diego in 1973 (Bisayan vocabulary) the best language book in Visayan by Mateo Sanchez in 1711 arte de la lengua ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano Language) the first Ilocano grammar book by Francisco Lopez arte de la lengua bicolano (The Art of the Bicol Language) the first book in the Bicol language and written by Fr. Marcos Lisbon in 1754 Filipino Works during Spanish Times Mi Ultimo Adios, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo by Jose Rizal Dasal at Tocsohan by Marcelo H. del Pilar Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa by Andres Bonifacio Ninay by Pedro Paterno Florante at Laura by Francisco Baltazar Ibong Adarna by Jose dela Cruz Folk songs became widespread in the Philippines. Each region had its national song from the lowlands to the mountains of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Leron-Leron Sinta – this song depicts humbleness. It’s the story of a man who tries to show what he got to win the heart of his beloved one. Pamulinawen – a song about a man courting and pledging his love to a beautiful girl named Pamulinawen. Dandansoy – a farewell song; the title is the name of the boy to whom the singer is saying goodbye. Atin Cu Pung Sing-Sing – the song is a request from a lady who lost her ring given by her mother. She will give her heart to a man who can find the beloved ring. Module 2 -| Philippine Literature during the Pre-Colonial and the Spanish Periods Page 3 of 5  Republic of the Philippines PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur Recreational Plays There were many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all of them were in poetic form. Tibag – the word tibag means to excavate. This ritual was brought here by the Spaniard to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the Cross on which Jesus died through a dramatic performance Lagaylay – this is a special occasion for the Pilareños of Sorsogon during Maytime to get together. This also shows praise, respct and offering love to the Blessed Cross by St. Helena and the mound she dug in. The Cenaculo – this is a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Jesus Christ. Panunuluyan – this is presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus. Salubong – an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. Carillo (Shadow Play) – this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest. This shadow play is made by projecting cardboard figures before a lamp against a white sheet. The figures are moved like marionettes whose dialogues are produced by some experts. The Zarzuela – considered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social or political problem. Sainete – a short musical comedy that were exaggerated and shown between long plays. The Moro-Moro – a play that depicts a Christian princess who is captured by the Mohammedans. The father organizes a rescue party where fighting between the Moros and Christians ensues. Awit – fabricated stories from writer’s imagination although the setting and characters are European; refers to chanting. Corrido – were usually on legends or stories from European countries like France, Spain, Italy, and Greece; refers to narration. Karagatan – this is a poetic vehicle of a socioreligious nature celebrated during the death of a person. Duplo – this replaced the Karagatan; this is just a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning. Balagtasan – a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue. Dung-aw – a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative beside the corpse of the dead. D. ACTIVITY E. ASSESSMENT Module 2 -| Philippine Literature during the Pre-Colonial and the Spanish Periods Page 4 of 5  Republic of the Philippines PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY Camarines Sur F. REFERENCES Early Philippine Literature. (2015). National Commission for Culture and the Arts. https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/literary- arts/early-philippine-literature/ The Literary Forms in Philippine Literature - National Commission for Culture and the Arts. (2015). / National Commission for Culture and the Arts. https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca- 3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/literary-arts/the-literary-forms-in-philippine- literature Macansantos, F., & Macansantos, P. (2015, June 2). Philippine Literature in the Spanish Colonial Period - National Commission for Culture and the Arts. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/literary- arts/philippine-literature-in-the-spanish-colonial-period/ Module 2 -| Philippine Literature during the Pre-Colonial and the Spanish Periods Page 5 of 5