Energy - Non-Renewable Resources PDF

**ENERGY** - Ability to do work; take many forms **NON RENEWABLE ENERGY** - From the sources that will run out or will be replenished in our lifetime **→ FOSSIL FUELS** - Formed from fossilized, buried remains of plants and animals → High in carbon content +-----------------------------------+--...

**ENERGY** - Ability to do work; take many forms **NON RENEWABLE ENERGY** - From the sources that will run out or will be replenished in our lifetime **→ FOSSIL FUELS** - Formed from fossilized, buried remains of plants and animals → High in carbon content +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **FOSSIL** | **FUELS** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **OIL** | (PETROLEUM) - mined then | | | transported to refineries to | | | become usable fuels | | | | | | → *Petroleum* -- from Greek: | | | *petra (rock)* + *oleum (oil)* | | | | | | → fractional distillation | | | | | | → refined into usable fuels -- | | | gasoline, propane, kerosane | | | | | | **CRUDE OIL** - A fossil fuel | | | that is made up of hydrocarbon | | | chains, and is mostly used in | | | making diesel, asphalt and | | | kerosene | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **COAL** | \- solid | | | | | | → Mostly made up of carbons | | | | | | → carbon - heavy rocks | | | | | | → flammable black hard rock -- | | | used as a solid fossil fuel | | | | | | → sedimentary rock formed from | | | peat --- by the pressure of rocks | | | laid down | | | | | | → anthracite, bituminous, | | | subituminous, lignite | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **NATURAL GAS** | \- Composed mostly of *METHANE* | | | | | | → used as a fuel to make | | | materials and chemicals | | | | | | → occur in coal deposits -- coal | | | bed methane | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **NUCLEAR ENERGY** | → A non renewable energy that | | | generates electricity from the | | | splitting of atoms | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **[HOW COAL WAS FORMED:\ ]** \- Before the dinosaurs, many giant plants died in swamps  \- Over the million of years, the plants were buried under water and dirt \- Heat and pressure turned dead plants into coal **[PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS FORMATION:]**  \- - - Tiny marine plants and animals died and were buried on the ocean floor \- Over time, the marine plants and animals were covered by layers of silt and sand \- Over million of years, the remains were buried deeper and deeper \- The enormous heat and pressure turned the remains into oil and natural gas  \- Today, we drill down through layers of sand, silt and rock to reach the rock formations that contain oil and natural gas deposits **[ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS: ]** **FOSSIL FUELS:** - Causes air and water pollution; CO2 (43% of global emissions) produced are at a level harmful to the environment (oil and coal) - Slowly being replaced by alternative renewable sources, depends on pace of technological advancements **RENEWABLE / ALTERNATIVE ENERGY** →Energy sources which are not based on the burning of fossil fuels or the splitting of atoms **SOLAR ENERGY** - A renewable energy that uses the energy from the sun **BIOFUEL** - A renewable energy that generates electricity with the help of the recently dead organisms **HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY** - A renewable energy that uses the flow of water to generate electricity **GEOTHERMAL ENERGY** - A renewable energy that uses the heat from the Earth\'s crust **WIND ENERGY** - uses wind turbines to generate electricity **[CONVERTING ENERGY INTO ELECTRICITY:]\ ** **01 HEAT ENERGY** → Energy from bond breaking/formation in fuels is converted into energy **02 KINETIC ENERGY** - Heat energy is used to convert water to steam which has kinetic energy **03 MECHANICAL ENERGY** - Steam's kinetic energy becomes mechanical energy → makes turbines and other mechanisms turn **04 ELECTRICAL ENERGY** - Mechanical energy from the mechanisms create electricty via electromagnetism