EMT MCQ PDF

Question Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Correct Answer A homogeneous physically distinct and Mechanically Phase pure metal alloy solid solution...

Question Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Correct Answer A homogeneous physically distinct and Mechanically Phase pure metal alloy solid solution Phase seperable part of the system under study is The Element Or substance that is available in its Phase alloy solid solution pure metal pure metal purest form that means without containing impurity is Which of the following is not a pure metal? Aluminium Copper brass silver brass In alloy a metal which is the present in the largest Main metal Base metal pure metal all of the above Base metal proportion is called Which of the following is not a solid solution? Ni-Cu Cu-Zn Nacl-H2O Fe-C Nacl-H2O Phase equilibrium diagram helps understanding the Ferrous Carbon Iron carbide steel Iron carbide steel properties and heat treatment of Melting point of iron in degree centigrade is equal to 768 Degree Celcius 1538 Degree 1410 Degree 910 Degree 1538 Degree Celcius Celcius Celcius Celcius Iron Carbon phase diagram -------- Unary phase binary phase tertiary phase non of the above binary phase Peritectic reaction in iron carbon diagram takes place 1539 Degree Celcius 1493 Degree 910 Degree Celcius 1150 Degree 1493 Degree at temperature is ---- Celcius Celcius Celcius Eutectic reaction in iron diagram takes place at 1539 Degree Celcius 1493 Degree 910 Degree Celcius 1150 Degree 1150 Degree temperature is ----- Celcius Celcius Celcius Eutectoid reaction in iron carbon diagram takes place 1120 Degree Celcius 725 Degree Celcius 910 Degree Celcius 820 Degree 725 Degree at temperature is ------- Celcius Celcius Percentage of carbon at eutectic point is equal to 2.1 4.3 0.83 0.02 4.3 Percentage of carbon at eutectoid point is equal to ---- 2.1 4.3 0.83 0.02 0.83 - Percentage of carbon at peritectic point is equal to --- 2.1 4.3 0.83 0.18 0.18 ----- In which of the following reaction in iron carbon Eutectic reaction Peritectic reaction Eutectoid reaction Peritectoid Peritectic reaction diagram no mushy zone is obtained reaction Y iron has which of the following property? Magnetic Nonmagnetic occurs below 768 occurs above magnetic Degree Celcius 1410 Degree Celcius Solubility of carbon in Alpha iron at 0 Degree 0.008 per 0.80 per 8 per 0.08 per 0.008 per Celcius is ---- Austenite is solute solution of carbon in ------- Alpha iron (BCC) Gema Iron (FCC) Delta Iron (BCC) non of the above Gema Iron (FCC) ----- is compound having fixed carbon of 6.67 % austenite alpha –ferrite delta - ferrite Cementite Cementite Pearlite is an intimate mixture of ------- and cementite austenite ferrite martensite Ledeburite ferrite ------ is super saturated solution of carbon in pearlite ledeburite ferrite martensite pearlite alpha iron Steel having 0.8% of carbon are known as -------- eutectoid hypoeutectoid hypereutectoid none of these eutectoid steel Cementite changes from ferro magnetic to para 120 Degree Celcius 102 Degree Celcius 201 Degree Celcius 210 Degree 210 Degree magnetic at temperature of --------- Celcius Celcius ___________temperature has importance in variuous Eutectoid hyper eutectoid hypo eutectoid all of the above Eutectoid annealing processes At ------- temperature ferromagnetic ferrite becomes 723 Degree Celcius 747 Degree Celcius 768 Degree Celcius 786 Degree 768 Degree para magnetic Celcius Celcius Which of the following is classified on the basis of Low carbon steels low alloy steels semiskilled steels coarse grain steel Low carbon steels carbon content Which of the following is classified on the basis of Low carbon steels low alloy steels semiskilled steels coarse grain steel low alloy steels amount of alloying elements Which of the following classification of steel is not Basic open hearth acid open hearth acid bessema boiler steel boiler steel on the basis of method of manufacture The content of carbon in medium carbon steel is ------ 0.008- 0.30 % 0.30-0.60% 0.62-2.0 % 12-20% 0.30-0.60% --- The melting point of low carbon steel is 1300 Degree Celcius 1410 Degree 1500 Degree 2000 Degree 1410 Degree Celcius Celcius Celcius Celcius Which one is known as machinery steel Low carbon steel medium carbon high carbon steel none of these medium carbon steel steel Which one is used for metal cutting tools Low carbon steel medium carbon high carbon steel stainless steel high carbon steel steel Steels to which elements other than carbons are Low carbon steel high carbon steel alloy steel none of these alloy steel added are called as --------- Steel having carbon from 0.15% - 0.25 % is used for- Gears Valves Crank axle Connecting rods Crank axle ------- Medium carbon steel is used for Gears Valves shaft coupling Connecting rods Connecting rods Steel having carbon from 0.32 %- 0.45 % is used for Rails spring break levers all of the above all of the above Medium carbon steel is not used for---------- turbine buckets shaft coupling boilers plate nut and bolt boilers plate High carbon steel having carbon composition from Die blocks Gears wheel tires all of the above all of the above 0.55 %-0.65 % is used for -------- The steel having carbon percentage from 1.0 %- 1.6 Razor tools dies and knives springs springs % is not used for -------- The effect of carbon content in steel is ------- Increases toughness Increases tensile improves resistance Improves Improves strength to abrasion and oxidation oxidation wear resistance resistance Why do metals readily give up electrons ? to form metallic for increasing alloy solid solution solid solution bonds Metals possess ______nature amorphous crystalline liquid highly viscous crystalline In engineering what type of metals are used pure metals alloys both a & b non of the above both a & b Which of the following is not a ceramics alumina silicon carbide magnesium oxide calcium carbide alumina Plastics is a ceramic monomer polymer composite monomer Which of the following is property of ceramics brittle low density both a & b ductile brittle Following is the mixture of two or more different metals ceramics polymers composites ceramics materials and they are mechanically or metallurgical bonded together The material which have good electrical and thermal metals ceramics polymers composites metals conductivity Material which is poor conductor of heat and metals ceramics polymers composites ceramics electrical and have low density strength and stiffness is ---- The material which has high hardness and brittleness Metals ceramics polymers composites composites , high temp. strength, low thermal conductivity How many number of atoms are present in the FCC 3 4 5 6 4 unit lattice? How many number of atoms are in the SCC unit 3 4 5 1 1 lattice? How many number of atoms are present in the HCP 3 4 5 6 6 unit lattice How many number of atoms are present in the BCC 1 2 3 4 2 unit lattice? Atomic packing efficiency of SCC lattice is ------- 0.52 0.74 0.68 0.5 0.52 Atomic packing efficiency of FCC lattice is ------- 0.52 0.74 0.68 0.5 0.74 Atomic packing efficiency of BCC lattice is ------- 0.52 0.74 0.68 0.5 0.68 Which of the following compound follows BCC Pb Ag Au Mo Mo structure? Which of the following compound do not follow FCC Mg Ni Al Cu Mg Structure Which of the following is the physical property of porosity composition elasticity heat capacity porosity metals The ability of metal not regaining its shape after the elasticity plasticity viscosity ductility plasticity removal of deforming force is ------ The ability of metal to reflect light when finely ductility luster elasicity colour luster polished is known as ------- Ratio of load to the area is known as strain stress force young’s modulus stress Mpa is the unit of --------- stress young’s modulus bulk modulus all of the above all of the above Stress/Strain = young’s modulus bulk’s modulus modulus of rigidity poisons ratio young’s modulus Compressibity is reciprocal of ---------- young’s modulus bulk’s modulus modulus of rigidity poisons ratio modulus of rigidity The ability of material to permanently deform Elasticity plasticity viscosity malleability plasticity without fracture even after the removal of load is known as ---- Which of the following is a mechanical property ? thermal conductivity luster structure creep creep Failure of a material under repeated load is called creep resilience fatigue toughness fatigue The property by virtue of which material can be malleability ductility brittleness toughness ductility drawn into thin wires is -------- The forging and rolling operations in which metal is ductility malleability stiffness strength malleability formed by hammering or rolling utilize which property? Which of the following is brittle glass diamond both a & b steel both a & b The capacity of material to absorb or store energy Toughness hardness fatigue Resilience Resilience and to resist shock and impact is known as ----- The failure of material caused under repeated load or Toughness hardness Fatigue brittleness Fatigue cyclic stress is known as ------ Area under stress- strain curve represents Hardness fatigue toughness Fatigue toughness Which property occurs in steel at higher temperature Fatigue creep resilience toughness creep The ability of the material to carry the heat is -------- Electrical thermal none of these both a & b thermal conductivity conductivity conductivity Amount of energy absorbed by the material before Hardness toughness endurance limit resilience toughness fracture is called Slope of the creep curve is highest in which state Primary secondary tertiary none of the above tertiary The effect of carbon content in steel is ------- Increases toughness Increases tensile improves resistance Improves improves strength to abrasion and oxidation resistance to wear resistance abrasion and wear Which of the following is a general property of most Low melting point Poor conductor of Good conductor of Brittle nature Good conductor metals? heat electricity of electricity Which metal is liquid at room temperature? Mercury Iron Copper Aluminum Mercury Metals are generally malleable. What does Can be stretched into Can be hammered Can be broken an float on water Can be hammered "malleable" mean? wires into thin sheets easily into thin sheets Which of the following metals is the best conductor Aluminum Gold Silver Iron Aluminum of electricity? Metals tend to have high density. Which of the Lead Iron Lithium Copper Lead following metals is an exception and has very low density? Which of the following metals is known for its high Copper Zinc Tin Lead Copper thermal conductivity? Most metals are sonorous. What does "sonorous" They conduct heat They produce They are soft and They react They produce mean? well sound when struck brittle violently with sound when water struck What is the typical state of most metals at room Liquid Gaseous Solid Plasma Solid temperature? Which of the following metals has the highest Tungsten Lead Iron Aluminum Tungsten melting point? Metals are usually ductile. What does "ductile" Can be broken into Can be drawn into Can conduct Can absorb water Can be drawn into mean? pieces wires electricity in wires molten form only What is the ability of a material to resist fracture Ductility Malleability Toughness Elasticity Answer Toughness under high impact loads called? Which property defines the ability of a material to be Ductility Malleability Toughness Hardness Ductility drawn into a wire? The stress at which a material begins to deform Tensile strength Yield strength Modulus of Ultimate strength Yield strength plastically is known as the elasticity Which mechanical property measures a material’s Hardness Toughness Ductility Ductility Hardness resistance to localized plastic deformation (like scratching)? The ratio of stress to strain within the elastic limit is Poisson's ratio Bulk modulus Young's modulus Shear modulus Young's modulus called Which of the following materials has the highest Cast iron Glass Copper Concrete Copper ductility? Which mechanical property allows a metal to Toughness Fatigue strength Creep resistance Malleability Fatigue strength withstand repeated cycles of stress without failing? Which property determines the ability of a material to Plasticity Elasticity Toughness Ductility Elasticity return to its original shape after deformation? When a material deforms permanently under a Fracture Fatigue Creep Plasticity Plasticity constant load over time, it is said to undergo Which property measures the ability of a material to Hardness Toughness Brittleness Elasticity Toughness absorb energy before fracture? What is the eutectoid temperature for steel in the 723 Degree Celcius 1495 Degree 910 Degree Celcius 1147 Degree 723 Degree Iron-Carbon diagram? Celcius Celcius Celcius Which phase exists in steel above the upper critical Ferrite Cementite Austenite Martensite Austenite temperature (A3 or Acm)? What is the significance of the eutectoid point in the Transition between Formation of Transformation of Complete Formation of Iron-Carbon diagram? liquid and solid pearlite from ferrite to austenite dissolution of pearlite from phases austenite cementite austenite At what temperature does iron change from ferrite (?- 910 Degree Celcius 1147 Degree 723 Degree Celcius 1495 Degree 723 Degree iron) to austenite (?-iron)? Celcius Celcius Celcius Which phase in the Iron-Carbon diagram is the Pearlite Cementite Ferrite Austenite Cementite hardest and most brittle? What is the composition (in % Carbon) of the 0.002 0.77 0.012 0.0214 0.77 eutectoid steel? What is the phase transformation that occurs when Austenite to Austenite to Pearlite to Cementite to Austenite to steel is cooled below the lower critical temperature Martensite Pearlite Cementite Ferrite Pearlite (A1)? What is the significance of the upper critical ferrite formation Marks the end of Marks the complete Marks the ferrite formation temperature (A3) for hypoeutectoid steel? pearlite formation transformation to beginning of austenite martensitic transformation Which line in the Iron-Carbon diagram corresponds A1 A2 A3 Acm A3 to the upper critical temperature for hypoeutectoid steels? What is the microstructure formed when eutectoid Martensite Bainite Pearlite Ferrite Pearlite steel is slowly cooled below the eutectoid temperature? What is a pure metal? A metal mixed with A metal without A non-metal mixed A metal with a A metal without other elements any impurities or with a metal high any impurities or alloying elements concentration of alloying elements oxygen Which of the following is an example of a pure Brass Copper Bronze Stainless steel Copper metal? What is an alloy? A pure substance A mixture of two or A compound made A substance with A mixture of two more elements of non-metals only no metallic or more elements properties Which of the following is NOT an example of an Steel Bronze Brass Silver Silver alloy? What is a solid solution? A liquid metal A homogenous A gas dissolved in A liquid dissolved A homogenous dissolved in a non- mixture of two or a solid in another liquid mixture of two or metal more solids more solids In an alloy, the metal present in the largest proportion Solvent Solute Base element Precipitate Base element is called the What type of alloy is brass? Copper-nickel alloy Aluminum-zinc Copper-zinc alloy Copper-tin alloy Copper-zinc alloy alloy Which of the following describes a substitutional Solute atoms occupy Solute atoms Solute and solvent Solute atoms form Solute atoms solid solution? the interstitial spaces replace some of the remain as separate chemical replace some of between solvent solvent atoms in the phases compounds with the solvent atoms atoms crystal structure solvent atoms in the crystal structure Steel is an example of which type of alloy? Substitutional alloy Interstitial alloy Homogeneous Pure metal Interstitial alloy compound Which of the following is an example of an Carbon in iron (steel) Copper in zinc Tin in copper Lead in tin Carbon in iron interstitial solid solution? (bronze) (steel) Which of the following is a primary category of Organic materials Metals Plastic composites Crystalline Organic materials engineering materials? polymers Ceramics are generally known for their High electrical Low melting point High hardness and Excellent ductility High hardness and conductivity brittleness brittleness Which material is classified as a composite? Stainless steel Brass Carbon fiber Aluminum alloy Carbon fiber reinforced polymer reinforced (CFRP) polymer (CFRP) What is the primary characteristic of thermoplastics? Cannot be remelted Can be reshaped Brittle at high Stronger than Can be reshaped multiple times temperatures metals multiple times Which of the following materials is a ferrous metal? Aluminum Copper Mild steel Titanium Mild steel Polymers are generally characterized by High density and High strength-to- Excellent thermal Poor corrosion High strength-to- brittleness weight ratio conductivity resistance weight ratio Which material is primarily used for its excellent Cast iron Stainless steel Copper Tool steel Stainless steel corrosion resistance? Which of the following is an example of an Glass Copper Diamond Graphite Glass amorphous material? Alloys are materials made by combining: Metals with ceramics Metals with other Ceramics with Two or more Metals with other metals polymers polymers metals What is the major application of refractory materials? Electrical insulation Heat resistance in Vibration damping Lightweight Heat resistance in furnaces construction furnaces What is the maximum solubility of carbon in 0.04% 0.01% 2.11% 0.07% 2.11% austenite (?-iron)? What phase is represented by the ferrite (?-iron) Face-centered cubic Body-centered Hexagonal close- Orthorhombic Body-centered region in the iron-carbon diagram? (FCC) cubic (BCC) packed (HCP) cubic (BCC) At what temperature does the eutectoid reaction 912 Degree Celcius 727 Degree Celcius 1147 Degree 1495 Degree 727 Degree occur in the iron-carbon diagram? Celcius Celcius Celcius In the iron-carbon equilibrium diagram, pearlite is a Cementite and ferrite Austenite and Cementite and Austenite and Cementite and mixture of which two phases? ferrite austenite martensite ferrite What is the carbon content of the eutectoid 0.0043 0.8 0.017 0.043 0.8 composition in the iron-carbon diagram? What is the name of the phase transformation where Peritectic reaction Eutectic reaction Eutectoid reaction Martensitic Eutectic reaction liquid transforms into austenite and cementite? transformation Which phase forms at 727 Degree Celcius when Martensite Pearlite Bainite Ledeburite Pearlite austenite decomposes in a eutectoid reaction? What is the composition of cementite (Fe?C)? 1.2% carbon 2.14% carbon 6.67% carbon 4.3% carbon 6.67% carbon Which of the following phases is the hardest? Ferrite Austenite Pearlite Cementite Cementite What type of reaction occurs at the eutectoid point in Solid to liquid Liquid to solid One solid One liquid One solid the iron-carbon diagram? transforms into two transforms into transforms into solids two solids two solids What does the TTT diagram stand for? Time-Thermal- Time-Temperature- Time-Temperature- Temperature- Time- Transformation Thermal Transformation Time-Thermal Temperature- Transformation TTT diagrams are primarily used to study: Creep behavior Diffusion Phase changes Fracture Phase changes toughness In a TTT diagram, the "nose" represents: The start of the The fastest rate of The slowest rate of The end of the The start of the austenite transformation transformation transformation austenite transformation transformation Which phase transformation occurs during the Ferrite to austenite Austenite to Ferrite to pearlite Martensite to Ferrite to cooling of steel, as shown in a TTT diagram? martensite bainite austenite The critical cooling rate in a TTT diagram represents: The rate required to The rate required to The rate required to The rate required The rate required form martensite form pearlite prevent to form bainite to form martensite transformation Martensitic transformation in a TTT diagram is A horizontal line that A steep vertical line A curved line at A flat curve at A horizontal line represented by: signifies the Ms at low temperature intermediate high temperature that signifies the  temperature Ms Which of the following is true about bainite in TTT Forms at Forms only at very Forms at lower Forms Forms at diagrams? temperatures higher high cooling rates temperatures than simultaneously temperatures than pearlite pearlite with martensite higher than pearlite In steels, bainite forms at a temperature range: Above pearlite Below martensite Below pearlite At the same Above pearlite formation formation formation and temperature as formation above martensite martensite formation The process of quenching and holding a steel at a A straight vertical A horizontal line A curve through the A curve passing A straight vertical specific temperature to form martensite is represented path across the pearlite bainite region through the path on a TTT diagram by: region pearlite and martensite regions In the TTT diagram, transformation to martensite Slow cooling rates Intermediate Rapid cooling rates It is independent Rapid cooling occurs at: cooling rates of cooling rate rates In a TTT diagram, what does the horizontal axis Temperature Time Composition Cooling rate Temperature represent? The transformation to pearlite on a TTT diagram is: Time and Temperature- Time-independent Occurs at any Time and temperature independent cooling rate temperature dependent dependent Which structure is the hardest in steels according to Pearlite Bainite Martensite Ferrite Martensite the TTT diagram? TTT diagrams are most commonly constructed for: Pure metals Ceramic materials Steel and its alloys Non-ferrous Steel and its alloys alloys Which region on a TTT diagram represents the The area below the The area above the The upper portion A vertical region The area below formation of martensite? pearlite formation pearlite formation of the diagram at low the pearlite curve curve temperature formation curve Bainite has a microstructure that is: Coarser than pearlite finer than pearlite Finer than both Exactly like Coarser than martensite and martensite pearlite pearlite What does the vertical axis represent in a TTT Time Composition Temperature Carbon content Time diagram? A TTT diagram can show the formation of: Austenite Cementite Martensite Delta ferrite Austenite Why are TTT diagrams important for heat treatment They show cooling They predict They indicate the They predict They show processes? rate requirements for corrosion resistance magnetic properties thermal expansion cooling rate phase of steel requirements for transformations phase transformations At what cooling rate is martensite typically formed Very slow cooling Moderate cooling Extremely rapid Slow cooling Extremely rapid according to a TTT diagram? cooling followed by cooling reheating In TTT diagrams, martensite transformation occurs: Isothermally A thermally By diffusion Over a long Isothermally  period of time The TTT curve shifts to the right when: Alloying elements Carbon content is The steel is heated No changes occur Alloying elements are added decreased rapidly are added What does the horizontal section at the bottom of the The start of pearlite The transformation The martensite start The completion of The martensite TTT diagram represent? formation to bainite temperature (Ms) transformation to start temperature austenite (Ms) Which structure forms first when steel is cooled Martensite Bainite Pearlite Ferrite Pearlite slowly through the eutectoid temperature according to the TTT diagram? What is the primary purpose of case hardening? To increase ductility To increase surface To improve thermal To reduce weight To increase hardness conductivity surface hardness Case hardening is primarily applied to which type of Ceramics Polymers Ferrous metals Plastics Ferrous metals materials? Which of the following is a method of case Annealing Nitriding Tempering Normalizing Nitriding hardening? Which of the following is NOT a method of case Cyaniding carburising Induction Spheroidizing Cyaniding hardening? hardening In carburizing, which element is diffused into the Nitrogen Oxygen ammonia Carbon Nitrogen surface of steel? Nitriding is typically performed at what temperature 400-600 Degree 800-1000 Degree 1200-1500 Degree 200-300 Degree 400-600 Degree range? Celcius Celcius Celcius Celcius Celcius Which of the following processes involves heating Cyaniding Nitriding Flame hardening Carburising Nitriding the metal in an atmosphere containing nitrogen? What is the main purpose of the core in a case- To absorb heat To increase To reduce to increase the To absorb heat hardened material? hardness brittleness endurence limit Which gas is commonly used in gas carburizing? Methane Nitrogen Hydrogen Ammonia Methane In case hardening, what is the typical depth of the 0.1 to 2.5 mm 5 to 10 mm 10 to 20 mm 20 to 50 mm 0.1 to 2.5 mm hardened layer? Which process can be used to achieve the hardest Nitriding Tempering Annealing Hardening Nitriding surface finish in case hardening? What type of steel is typically used in nitriding? High carbon steel Low carbon steel Alloy steel Mediaum carbon Low carbon steel alloy steel steel alloy steel Which case hardening method involves heating with Flame hardening Carburizing Cyaniding Nitriding Flame hardening an oxyacetylene flame? The process of case hardening is primarily used to Ductility Elasticity Surface wear Conductivity Surface wear improve which property of steel? resistance resistance Which of the following methods is best for hardening Nitriding Induction Carburizing Cyaniding Induction complex shapes? hardening hardening Carburizing can be performed using which medium? Liquid Solid Gas All of the above All of the above Which steel property is usually improved by Hardness Toughness Corrosion Malleability Hardness nitriding? resistance Which gas is used in nitriding for case hardening? Ammonia Oxygen Argon Helium Ammonia Which case hardening method offers the fastest Carburising Nitriding Carburizing Induction Induction processing time? hardening hardening Which of the following is a common use for case- Gears Insulation Springs Hydraulic seals Gears hardened parts? Carburizing is typically carried out at what 150-200 Degree 500-800 Degree 850-1000 Degree 1100-1300 850-1000 Degree temperature range? Celcius Celcius Celcius Degree Celcius Celcius Cyaniding is performed at what temperature? 500-600 Degree 850-950 Degree 900-1000 Degree 1100-1200 850-950 Degree Celcius Celcius Celcius Degree Celcius Celcius Which of the following is a characteristic of Deep case depth Fast diffusion High temperature Requires post- Deep case depth cyaniding? requirement heat treatment What is the role of carbon in the carburizing process? To make the steel To improve surface To enhance To increase To improve ductile hardness toughness conductivity surface hardness Carburizing is most suitable for which type of steel? High carbon steel Low carbon steel Stainless steel Alloy steel Low carbon steel Which of the following can improve the fatigue Case hardening Tempering Annealing Cold working Case hardening strength of a material? Which process requires the use of an electrical coil Nitriding Cyaniding Induction Flame hardening Induction to create heat? hardening hardening Which of the following is NOT required for gas A nitrogen- High temperatures A furnace Rapid quenching Rapid quenching nitriding? containing gas Which of the following is an advantage of case Increased ductility Increased wear Reduced hardness Increased Increased wear hardening? resistance malleability resistance Which of the following is a key benefit of nitriding Lower cost Faster cooling No need for Higher No need for over carburizing? quenching temperatures quenching Which surface hardening method is used in the Carburizing Nitriding Induction Flame hardening Induction automotive industry for crankshafts and camshafts? hardening hardening Flame hardening is typically used for which type of Stainless steel Low carbon steel Medium carbon Aluminum alloys Medium carbon steel? steel steel The core of a case-hardened part typically exhibits Hardness equal to the Toughness and Brittle nature High malleability Toughness and which of the following properties? surface softness softness Which process can be used to harden stainless steel? Nitriding Carburizing Cyaniding Flame hardening Nitriding Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Localized heating Use of High case depth Quick process Localized heating flame hardening? oxyacetylene flame The nitriding process involves the diffusion of Core Entire thickness Surface Welds Surface nitrogen into which area of the steel? Which of the following improves the wear resistance Full hardening Case hardening Annealing Tempering Case hardening of a component without affecting its core toughness? Which heat treatment method is ideal for parts that Case hardening Full quenching Annealing Tempering Case hardening require both a hard surface and a tough core? Which case hardening process allows for selective Induction hardening Cyaniding Carburizing Nitriding Induction hardening of specific areas of a component? hardening Which of the following is NOT a type of heat Annealing Quenching Electroplating Tempering Electroplating treatment? What is the typical medium used for quenching in Water Air Oil All of the above All of the above heat treatment? In which heat treatment process is the metal rapidly Annealing Quenching Tempering Normalizing Annealing cooled? What is the purpose of tempering? To increase hardness To improve To improve To increase To improve toughness bittleness the metal ductility toughness In normalizing, the material is cooled: In air In water In oil In a furnace In air What does the term "austenitizing" refer to in heat Heating steel above Cooling steel below Softening the steel Hardening the Heating steel treatment? its critical its critical steel above its critical temperature to form temperature temperature to austenite form austenite Which phase transformation occurs during Austenite to pearlite Recrystallization Martensite to Austenite to Recrystallization annealing? pearlite martensite Hardening usually requires heating the steel above: Lower critical Upper critical Recrystallization Melting point Lower critical temperature temperature temperature temperature What is the major difference between annealing and Cooling rate Heating Type of steel Time of process Cooling rate normalizing? temperature Which type of furnace is commonly used for heat Electric arc furnace Blast furnace Resistance furnace Crucible furnace Electric arc treatment processes? furnace Which of the following is NOT a quenching Oil Water Air hydrogen gas hydrogen gas medium? What type of heat treatment is often used for low- Hardening Carburizing Annealing Tempering Annealing carbon steels to improve machinability? What does the term "martensitic transformation" refer Formation of Transformation of Formation of Formation of Formation of to? martensite during martensite to pearlite during slow cementite martensite during rapid cooling austenite cooling rapid cooling Which heat treatment process is specifically used to Carburising Normalising Annealing Cyniding Annealing improve the mechanical properties of cold-worked metals? In carburizing, the steel absorbs carbon to form a 300 Degree Celcius 850 Degree Celcius 1000 Degree 1200 Degree 850 Degree hard surface. At what temperature does this usually Celcius Celcius Celcius occur? Which of the following is a key feature of induction Uniform heating Localized heating Very slow heating Heating through Uniform heating hardening? radiation The process of subcritical annealing is performed: Below the lower Above the critical At the melting At room Below the lower critical temperature temperature point temperature critical temperature Which of the following heat treatments would be Carburizing Annealing Tempering Quenching Tempering most appropriate for reducing brittleness in hardened steel? What is the primary benefit of quenching in oil Faster cooling rate Slower cooling rate Less distortion and Higher Less distortion compared to water? cracking temperature and cracking  resistance During tempering, steel is heated to a temperature: Below the eutectoid Above the At the At the melting Below the point eutectoid point recrystallization point eutectoid point temperature What is the primary goal of stress-relief heat To reduce internal To increase surface To refine the grain To change the To reduce internal treatment? stresses in the hardness structure chemical stresses in the material composition material Which quenching medium provides the fastest Oil Water Air Salt bath Water cooling rate? What is spheroidizing? A process used to A process to harden A process to A process to A process used to improve steel increase surface anneal the metal improve machinability and hardness machinability and formability formability What temperature range is used for annealing low- 200-300 Degree 400-500 Degree 700-800 Degree 260-760 Degree 260-760 Degree carbon steels? Celcius Celcius Celcius Celcius Celcius What is the purpose of preheating before quenching? To accelerate cooling To reduce thermal To increase To induce stress To reduce thermal shock hardness shock What is the key advantage of vacuum heat treatment? High cooling rate Cost-efficiency Oxidation Uniform cooling Oxidation prevention prevention Which phase is produced in steel during rapid Ferrite Martensite Pearlite Cementite Martensite quenching? Which of the following can occur if the cooling rate Increased toughness Internal stresses Decreased hardness Formation of Internal stresses during quenching is too fast? and cracking pearlite and cracking At what temperature does recrystallization occur in 50 Degree Celcius 150 Degree Celsius 450 Degree Celsius 400 -700 Degree 400 -700 Degree cold-worked metals? Celcius Celcius In which heat treatment process is the material cooled Quenching Annealing Normalizing Tempering Annealing slowly in the furnace? In induction hardening, which part of the material is Surface Core Entire volume Only the edges Surface typically hardened? What is the critical cooling rate? The maximum The cooling rate The cooling rate The cooling rate The maximum cooling rate that required to form needed to form required to cooling rate that avoids cracking martensite ferrite prevent pearlite avoids cracking formation What does the term "soaking" refer to in heat Heating the material Cooling the Holding the Immersing the Holding the treatment? material material at a material in liquid material at a specific specific temperature temperature Which heat treatment is used to improve the magnetic Annealing Quenching Carburizing Tempering Annealing properties of materials? What happens to carbon content during carburizing? Increases on the Decreases Stays the same Distributes Increases on the surface throughout uniformly surface Which of the following methods is used for surface Quenching Nitriding Normalizing Annealing Nitriding hardening? Why is normalizing often performed on castings? To increase ductility To reduce internal To improve To refine the To reduce internal stresses machinability grain structure stresses What is "bainite" in steel? A phase that forms A phase that forms A phase that forms A phase formed at A phase that during tempering between pearlite during rapid high temperatures forms between and martensite cooling pearlite and martensite Why is normalizing often performed on castings? To increase ductility To reduce internal To improve To refine the To reduce internal stresses machinability grain structure stresses What is "bainite" in steel? A phase that forms A phase that forms A phase that forms A phase formed at A phase that during tempering between pearlite during rapid high temperatures forms between and martensite cooling pearlite and martensite What is the primary advantage of austempering over Reduces distortion Improves toughness Increases hardness Improves wear Reduces conventional quenching? and cracking resistance distortion and cracking Which of the following is the main purpose of To increase the To change To reduce internal To increase the To change annealing? hardness of a microstructure of stresses and brittleness of a microstructure of material material improve ductility material material What is the primary objective of full annealing in To improve To increase To increase To refine grain To improve steel? machinability hardness ductility and structure machinability toughness Which type of annealing is primarily used to soften a Full annealing Stress-relief Process annealing Recrystallization Full annealing material before further machining or deformation? annealing annealing Recrystallization annealing is typically performed on Cast iron Cold-worked Polymers Ceramics Cast iron which of the following materials? metals Which of the following annealing methods is used to Process annealing Normalizing Stress-relief Spheroidizing Process annealing relieve internal stresses in metals without annealing significantly altering their mechanical properties? Spheroidizing annealing is mainly used to improve High carbon steels Aluminum alloys Low carbon steels Copper alloys Low carbon steels the machinability of which of the following materials? What is the typical temperature range for Below 100 Degree 300 Degree Celcius 400 Degree Celcius Above 1000 400 Degree recrystallization annealing of cold-worked steel? Celcius to 500 Degree to 700 Degree Degree Celcius Celcius to 700 Celcius Celcius Degree Celcius In normalizing, the steel is heated to a temperature Upper critical Lower critical Recrystallization Melting Upper critical above its: temperature temperature temperature temperature temperature Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Increased hardness Improved ductility Reduced internal Refined grain Increased annealing? stresses structure hardness Process annealing is typically performed at a Below the Above the At the melting None of the above Below the temperature: recrystallization recrystallization point recrystallization temperature temperature temperature Which of the following statements is true about full It increases hardness It is performed It involves heating It increases the It involves heating annealing? below the above the critical strength of the above the critical recrystallization temperature material temperature temperature followed by slow followed by slow cooling cooling What is the main difference between annealing and Cooling rate Heating Material Purpose of the Cooling rate normalizing? temperature composition process Which annealing process is used to achieve a very Normalizing Spheroidizing Stress-relief Recrystallization Spheroidizing soft structure, making high carbon steels easier to annealing annealing machine? The primary purpose of normalizing is to: Refine the grain Increase hardness Increase brittleness Improve Refine the grain structure corrosion structure resistance Which of the following describes the effect of stress- It alters the material's It increases It relieves residual It refines the grain It alters the relief annealing? microstructure ductility stresses without structure material's significantly changing microstructure mechanical properties The recrystallization temperature of a metal is 10-20% 30-50% 50-70% 70-90% 30-50% typically what percentage of its melting point? What is the main purpose of austempering? To soften the metal To create a fine To achieve a To harden metals To harden metals martensitic bainitic structure structure Austempering is typically applied to which of the Aluminum alloys Copper alloys Steel and ductile Brass Steel and ductile following materials? iron iron In the austempering process, the steel is quenched to 50 Degree Celcius to 100 Degree Celcius 200 Degree Celcius 845 Degree 845 Degree a temperature range of: 100 Degree Celcius to 150 Degree to 400 Degree Celcius to 950 Celcius to 950 Celcius Celcius Degree Celcius Degree Celcius Which microstructure is primarily formed during Pearlite Martensite Bainite Ferrite Bainite austempering? What is a significant advantage of austempering over Reduced toughness Higher hardness Reduced distortion Increased Reduced conventional quenching and tempering? and residual stress brittleness distortion and residual stress Which phase transformation occurs during the Austenite to Austenite to bainite Austenite to ferrite Martensite to Austenite to austempering process? martensite ferrite bainite Austempering is not typically used for: Improving toughness Increasing ductility Enhancing wear Achieving a soft, Achieving a soft, resistance malleable malleable structure structure Austempering temperature is generally chosen based Desired hardness Rate of cooling Specific alloy All of the above All of the above on the: composition The austempering process involves holding at a Martensite Pearlite Ferrite Cementite Martensite specific temperature to avoid the formation of: Which of the following is a typical application of High-temperature Wear-resistant Electronic Thermal Wear-resistant austempered materials? furnaces machine parts components insulators machine parts What is the primary purpose of martempering? To avoid warping To achieve a To promote fine To increase To avoid warping and cracking bainitic structure grain growth carbon content and cracking Martempering is usually carried out in: Oil bath Air cooling Molten salt bath Water quenching Molten salt bath Which phase transformation primarily occurs during Austenite to bainite Austenite to Martensite to Ferrite to Austenite to martempering? martensite pearlite austenite martensite Martempering involves quenching the steel to a The bainite start The martensite start The eutectoid The The martensite temperature just above: temperature temperature temperature recrystallization start temperature temperature A significant benefit of martempering over Higher brittleness Increased wear Reduced distortion Faster cooling Reduced conventional quenching is: resistance and cracking rate distortion and cracking Martempering temperature is generally: Above 500 Degree Below 100 Degree Between 150 Above the critical Between 150 Celcius Celcius Degree Celcius and temperature Degree Celcius 300 Degree Celcius and 300 Degree Celcius After martempering, which of the following Bainite Ferrite Martensite Pearlite Martensite structures is obtained? Which material is most suitable for the martempering Mild steel Tool steel Aluminum alloy Copper alloy Tool steel process? Martempering involves holding at a temperature Transformation to Bainite starts to Pearlite completely Cementite Transformation to range where: martensite begins form transforms dissolves martensite begins and is completed and is completed A typical application of martempered materials Insulating parts Load-bearing gears Corrosion-resistant High-conductivity Load-bearing includes: and shafts coatings electrical gears and shafts components With increase in Carbon content quantity one of the Hardness capability Brittlesness Tensility Brittlesness following will increase________ With increase in Carbon content quantity one of the Hardness capability Brittlesness Tensility Tensility following will decrease__________ One cubic meter of steel is equal to_______Kg 5000 6000 7000 7800 7800 Mass and Unit of steel is ________ 785 kg/m3 950 kg/m3 67580 kg/m3 7800 kg/m3 7800 kg/m3 The percentage of carbon in low carbon steel 0.08 to 0.3 0.0005 0.002 0.006 0.08 to 0.3 is_______ Steel is mainly an alloy of Carbon and Carbon and Carbon and Copper Carbon and Iron Carbon and Iron Manganese Aluminium The disadvantage of Steel is ____ High Strenth High Weight Good Ductility Rusting Rusting The advantage of Steel_______ High Strenth High Weight Good Ductlity All of these All of these The Steel is ________ Ductile Britttle Porous Non magnetic Ductile Percentage of carbon in medium carbon steels 0.3 – 0.4 0.3 – 0.5 0.3 – 0.6 More than 2 0.3 – 0.6 ranges from ____  Percentage of carbon in High carbon steels ranges 0.3 – 0.6 0.60 to 2.00 0.3 – 0.4 More than 3 0.60 to 2.00 from ____ The Different Types Of Steel are Carbon steel Alloy steel Medium carbon All of these All of these steel Carbon Steel are_____ Low carbon steel Medium carbon High carbon steel All of these All of these steel Tool steels have _____ High carbon content Medium carbon Low carbon All of these High carbon Contain Contain content Steels containing high percentages of elements other base metal Stainless steels High carbon steel Structural steel base metal than carbon are classified as___________ Which of the following is the most ductile material Aluminium Copper Zinc Mild Steel Mild Steel The disadvatages of steel are_____ Corrosion Fireproofing Maintenaince All of these All of these A test commonly applied to steel of unknown quality Spark test Acid eitch test Izod impact test Tensil test Spark test for identification purposes is the________ A common type of High Speed steel 18% tungsten, 4% 10% tungsten, 4% 15% tungsten, 4% 15% tungsten, 4% 18% tungsten, 4% contains___________ chromium, 1% chromium, 1% chromium, 1% chromium, 3% chromium, 1% vanadium, and only vanadium, and only vanadium, and only vanadium, and vanadium, and 0.5–0.8% carbon 0.5–0.8% carbon 0.5–0.8% carbon only 0.5–0.8% only 0.5–0.8% carbon carbon Cutting tool material 18-4-1 has the composition of 18% Cromium , 4% 18% Tungsten, 4% 18% Cromium , 4% 18% Nickel , 4% 18% Tungsten, ____ Tungusten, 1% chromium, 1% Noickel 1% Cromium 1% 4% chromium, vanadium. vanadium. vanadium. vanadium. 1% vanadium. Which of the following is not used for cutting tool Cast Iron High speed steel cold work tool steel Cemented carbide Cast Iron material The percentage of Molybdenum in M-series of high 21 12 16 24 21 speed steel Is_____ The percentage of vanadium in T-series of high speed 1 2 3 4 1 steel is …..... From the following alloy steel which has the highest Medium-carbon steel High carbon steel Low carbon All of these High carbon steel yeild strength… Contain High tensile steel contains usually --- % Carbon and - 0.6 to 0.85 , 0.3 to 1 0.4 to0.85 , 0.7 to 0.9 to0.85 , 0.7 to 0.9 to0.85 , 0.7 to 0.6 to 0.85 , 0.3 to --- % Mangnese 1 1 1.2 1 From the given is not a function of alloy steels Increase the strength Increase the Increase the Reduce the cost Reduce the cost Machinibility ductility The function of the alloying element in alloy Increase the strength Increase the Increase the All of these All of these steels…...... Machinibility ductility Cold work tool steel should have______ High toughness High wear High toughness and All of these High wear resistance High wear resistance resistance The following element is alloyed with high carbon Vanadium Carbon Tungusten Nickel Vanadium tool steels to increase the resistance to shock Stainless steel is so called because of its------- High strength High corrosion High ductility Good Apperance High corrosion  resistance resistance Steels containing low percentages of nickel, tungsten, Alloy steels carbon steel Tools steels Stainless steels carbon steel or chromium are classified as High Speed Steel (H.S.S.) belongs to the category of Medium-carbon steel Low-carbon steel High -carbon steel Alloy steel Alloy steel Stainless steel contains Chromium, nickel, Iron and carbon Chromium and Chromium, iron Chromium, iron and carbon nickel and nickel nickel, iron and carbon Stainless Steel contains 10.5% Chromium 5 % Chromium 7 % Chromium All of these 10.5% Chromium Stainless Steel has good Corrosion resistance Fire and heat Strength All of these All of these properties resistance Presence of Chromium in T-series steel imparts….... Corrosion resistance Abrasion resistance Hardness Toughness Corrosion resistance The permissible percentage of Sulphur and 0.1%, 0.12% 0.1%, 3% 0.3%, 3% 1.0%, 1.0% 0.1%, 0.12% Phosphorous content in steel is ….... The effect of addition of Manganese to steel is….. Improves strength improves corrosion decreases strength All of these Improves strength and hardness of steel resistance and hardness of and hardness of steel steel The element added in steel to increase resistance to Carbon Manganese Suluphar Chromium Chromium corrosion is …. Nickel added in steel increases ….. strength and hardness increases resistance scaling at elevated All of these All of these to corrosion temperatures Sulfur added in steel to…..... Improving increase endurance reduce Increase the Improving machinability strength machinability weldability machinability Mangnese added in steel to ….. Increases strength, Increases creep resistance All of these All of these hardness, hardenability, and toughness Vanadium is in steel to …... Increases strength, wear resistance resistance to shock All of these All of these hardness impact. Chromium and Nickel are added to Steel to improve Strength corrosion and high Ductility Weldability corrosion and temperature high temperature resistance resistance The machinability of steel is improved by adding Nickel Chromium Nickel and sulphur, lead and sulphur, lead and Chromium phosphorus phosphorus A small percentage of boron is added to steel in order increase wear increase endurance increase reduce increase to resistance strength hardenability machinability hardenability The stainless steels are used for Kitchenware Food processing Medical All of these All of these equipments The steels used for medical equipments is…... Stainless steel Tool steels Low carbon steel None of these Stainless steel For milling machine cutter the steel used is….. carbon steel high-speed steel cemented carbide All of these All of these (HSS) For drilling operation the steel used is….. high-speed steel low-carbon steel High carbon steel All of these high-speed steel (HSS) (HSS) The property that does not required for shaft Castability Good Fatigue resistance High shear and Castability materials is… Machinability tensile strength The propertoies , required for shaft materials is… Good Machinability Fatigue resistance High shear and All of these All of these tensile strength Thermal conductivity of cutting tool must be High Low Moderate Very low High The commonly used alloying element in cold work Chromium Nickel Molybdenum All of these Molybdenum tool steels to improve hardness and toughness is …..... Cold work tool steels are generally used for Hot forging Welding Forming and Casting Forming and applications such as….. cutting operations cutting operations The presence of which element in cold work tool Carbon Cobalt Silver Aluminum Carbon steels enhances their resistance to deformation and improves wear resistance…..... The primary characteristic of hot work tool steels High hardness at Low wear High toughness and All of these High toughness IS…...... room temperature resistance resistance to and resistance to thermal fatigue thermal fatigue The commonly used alloying element in hot work Chromium Cobalt Molybdenum All of these Cobalt tool steels to improve hardness and toughness is …..... The approximate temperature range for hot work tool 0 Degree Celcius - 250 Degree Celcius 1300 Degree 500 Degree 250 Degree steels during operation is…... 100 Degree Celcius - 700 Degree Celcius - 1600 Celcius - 1200 Celcius - 700 Celcius Degree Celcius Degree Celcius Degree Celcius High carbon steel is used in …...... structural buildings transmission lines fire resistant for waterproofing transmission lines and microwave buildings and microwave towers towers Structural Steel normally has carbon content less than 1.0 0.006 0.03 0.15 -0.30 0.15 -0.30 _______ The steels used for manufacture of shafts and axles medium Carbon Alloy steel Tool steel Stainless Steel medium Carbon are… Steel Steel The primary advantage of using stainless steel for Corrosion Resistance High tensile Low cost Low weight Corrosion utensils and kitchen tools is …...... strength Resistance The stainless steel for utensils and kitchen tools is Corrosion Resistance High tensile Low cost Low weight Corrosion because of …. strength Resistance The material commonly used for manufacturing high- Mild Steel Cast iron stainless steel Low alloy steel Low alloy steel strength bolts is …. The critical property required for crank shaft material Ductility Cost compression Fatigue strength Fatigue strength is strength The critical property required for Cam shaft material Ductility Cost compression Fatigue strength Fatigue strength is strength Tool steels used for shear blades are primarily known High ductility Electrical Hardness and wear Low thermal Hardness and for their….. conductivity resistance expansion wear resistance Which steel grade is most commonly associated with A36 Steel 304 Stainless Steel SAE J403 Carbon 4140 Alloy Steel SAE J403 Carbon general-purpose nuts and bolts? Steel Steel The type of steel is preferably used for lever arms due High Carbon Steel Cast Iron Alloy Steel Medium Carbon Medium Carbon to its balance of strength and ductility is …. Steel Steel The term "shear strength" is particularly important Shear blades Shafts Axles Levers Shear blades when designing components like Mild steel, often used in general construction and 0.02% to 0.25% 0.25% to 0.60% 0.60% to 1.00% 0.80% to 1.20% 0.02% to 0.25% bolts, typically has carbon content in the range of: Which type of steel is commonly used for agricultural Mild Steel Stainless Steel High Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Mild Steel equipment due to its high yield strength and toughness? Which property is crucial for steel used in car bodies? High electrical Ductility Thermal expansion Low tensile Ductility conductivity strength For keys used in machinery, which type of steel is Stainless Steel Alloy Steel Tool Steel Cast Iron Tool Steel preferred due to its strength and ability to withstand shear forces? Mild steel is generally used for household utensils Good ductility Low in carbon Non Magnetc All of these Good ductility because it is: content and highly brittle The steel used in making automotive chassis due to High Strength Low Stainless Steel High speed steel Nicke