Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 Module 3: Perpetuation of Life 2021 PDF

Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 – Module 3: Perpetuation of Life CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3 Earth and Life Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 3: Perpetuation of Life First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright...

Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 – Module 3: Perpetuation of Life CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3 Earth and Life Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 3: Perpetuation of Life First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Nerissa E. Manila Editors: Melanie I. Samudio, Jocelyn M. Manset Reviewers: Jason Ricaforte, Elizabeth A. Soriano, Princess Paolah L. De Guzman, Marissa C. Betchaida, Louie L. Alvarez, Gregorio M. De Chavez Jr., Jocelyn M. Manset, Mario B. Maramot, Elaine T. Balaogan, Job S. Zape Jr., Arturo E. De Leon Illustrator: Ednelinda Robles, Lovely Joy La Rosa, Charles Erick A. Jusay, Sandro Carlo B. Tablizo Layout Artist: Anselma M. Ebero, Elizalde L. Piol, Jocelyn M. Manset, Argie L. Ty Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas Job S. Zape, Jr. Ramonito Elumbaring Reicon C. Condes Elaine T. Balaogan Fe M. Ong-ongowan Merthel M. Evardome Nadine C. Celindro Nicolas M. Burgos Mario B. Maramot Fe M. Ong-ongowan Rosalinda A. Mendoza Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Brgy. San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: [email protected] Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 – Module 2: Perpetuation of Life Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module covers: Lesson 1 – Perpetuation of Life After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. identify the type of asexual and sexual reproduction in animals; 2. describe the different ways of how representative animals reproduce; and 3. realize the importance of reproduction to maintain the continuity of life. 1 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3  What I Know Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. A term used to describe morphologically and genetically similar individuals. A. clone B. similar C. identical D. vegetative 2. This refers to a type of asexual reproduction where the organism divides into two, leaving one piece headless and the other tailless, and each piece grows the missing body parts. A. binary fission B. binary fusion C. transverse fission D. transverse fusion 3. This refers to reproduction in animals that involves production of new living organism through combining two gametes from different organism, one male producing motile gamete that must fused with the egg cell from female organism. A. asexual B. sexual C. both and b D. none of a and b 4. Refers to largest cell in the female body waiting for a motile gamete to be fused with. A. egg B. sperm C. zygote D. morula 5. Live bearing are animals which give birth to live offspring. A. oviparous B. viviparous C. both a and b D. none of a and b 6. In sexual reproduction, what are the gametes involved? A. egg cell B. sperm cell C. both a and b D. none of a and b 7. It is characterized as having two reproductive system in one organism. A. hermaphroditism B. sequential hermaphroditism C. both a and b D. none of a and b 2 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3 8. Choose the statement that is TRUE about sexual reproduction: A. Gametes has diploid cells. B. Occur with only one parent involve. C. Produce genetically different offspring as compared to parents. D. Involves less time as compared to asexual preproduction process. 9. It is the term called for organism that shifts from male to female like clown fish. A. protandrous B. protogynous C. both a and b D. none of a and b 10. Monkeys and other four-legged animals are classified as: A. oviparous B. viviparous C. both a and b D. none of a and b 11. The Philippine eagle is an example of A. oviparous B. viviparous C. both a and b D. none of a and b 12. A new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site is called A. budding B. fragmentation C. parthenogenesis D. transverse fission 13. Process in which an organism divides into two and grows into a new organism. A. Budding B. Fragmentation C. Parthenogenesis D. transverse fission For numbers 14-15, refer to the following choices below. A. Statement I is correct B. Statement II is correct. C. Statement I and II are both correct. D. Statement I and II are both incorrect. 14. I. Aphids can reproduce sexually when conditions are stable and favorable during springs. II. Aphids can reproduce asexually when conditions are stable and favorable during springs. 15. I. Sexual reproduction involves the union of gametes and it does not change the number of chromosomes present. II. Asexual reproduction involves the union of gametes and it does not change the number of chromosomes present. 3 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3  Lesson 1 Perpetuation of Life There are varieties of organism in animal kingdom that means they possess different modes of reproduction depending on the complexity of their morphology and physiology. Simple organisms reproduce through asexual reproduction – offspring come from a single parent and has the exact copy of the genes hence referred as “clone”. Sexual reproduction in animals is the production of new living organism by combining two gametes from different organism, one male producing motile gamete that must fused with the egg cell from female organism. Through this process similarity is preserve with respect to the transfer of genes from the parts to offspring and individuality that explains the individual characteristics possessed by an organism different from their parents nor siblings. What’s In Activity 1: It’s a Review! Directions. Write TRUE on the space provided if the statement supports the unifying themes in the study of life and FALSE if it doesn’t. Write the correct answer on the separate sheet of paper. _____1. Biological system can be applied to all levels of life starting to the molecules of our cells all the way up to the whole biosphere. _____2. All organisms are made up of similar and one kind of cell. _____3. The coordination of the form and function of parts (form-fit-function theme) strengthens the structure of life. _____4. An organism can be completely isolated from its surrounding. _____5. Energy can be obtained in chemical form in all the food we are taking in the body. _____6. The flower is a plant’s reproductive organ. _____7. The mature ovule of the flower is called fruit. _____8. The seed is the matured ovary of the flower after fertilization. _____9. Seeds of plants can be dispersed through water, wind and animals. _____10. The brightly-colored part of the flower that attract pollinators are the petals. 4 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3  What’s New Directions. Activity 2: Spot the difference Directions. Observe the two pictures below and answer the following questions carefully. Guide questions. 1. Do you see any similarities and differences in the pictures? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. If yes, can you describe how the first picture is similar to the other image? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. If no, can you describe how the first picture is different to the other image? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3  What Is It Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction is defined as the formation of new individuals from the cells of a single parent. This is very common in plants and is less common in animals. Asexual reproduction does not involve the union of gametes (sperm cell and egg cell) and it does not change the number of chromosomes present. The resulting offspring is similar or identical to the parent and without the need for a mate, they are able to reproduce. There are different types of asexual reproduction in animals. Activity 3: Reveal me! Directions. Reveal the terms in grid by replacing the number with a vowel. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. A(1) E(2) I(3) O(4) U(5) 1. 1 S 2 X 5 1 L Single individual produces offspring 2. F R 1 G M 2 N T 1 T 3 4 N Pieces of the parent breaks off and develops into a new animal B 3 N 1 R Y 3. Process in which an organism divides into two and grow into a new organism 4. B 5 D D 3 N G Process outgrowth or callus projecting from the parent and eventually buds off 6 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3  P 1 R T H 2 N 4 G 2 N 2 S 3 S 5. Mechanism of asexual reproduction in which female offspring develops from unfertilized eggs 6. T R 1 N S V 3 R S 3 Fission that involves direct reproduction in which each portion regenerates missing parts to become a complete new animal depending on the axis of separation Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction is the perpetuation of a new organism from two organisms with the use of gametes. In this process, male gametes which is the sperm cell fuses with a female gamete known as the egg cell to form a diploid cell called zygote containing two sets of chromosomes. During sexual reproduction, the genetic material contained in their chromosomes combine to produce genetically diverse offspring that are different from both parents. Most mammals and amphibians reproduce through the method of sexual reproduction. Activity 4: Fill In Directions. Complete the description of the illustration in the left column by choosing the terms in the grid. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. INSIDE EGG PARENT YOUNG OVIPAROUS ANIMALS that lay their ______, with little or no other embryonic development within the _________. VIVIPAROUS ANIMALS bringing forth live _______ that have developed _______ the body of the parent. 7 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3  What’s More Types and Examples of Asexual Reproduction in Animals Activity 5: Asexual Reproduction in Animals Directions. Match animals to the type of asexual reproduction and their descriptions. Write the type of asexual reproduction and the letter of the description in each column. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. Type of asexual reproduction: PARTHENOGENESIS BINARY FISSION FRAGMENTATION TRANSVERSE FISSION BUDDING Descriptions: A. The organism split into two separate organisms. B. A new individual grows on the body of its parent. C. Multiple pieces of the parent break off and develop into a new organism. D. The organism divides into two, leaving one piece headless and the other tailless each piece grows the missing body parts. E. Female eggs develop into a new organism without being fertilized by a sperm cell. ANIMALS DESCRIPTION TYPES 1. honey bee (Apis mellifera) 2. hydra (Hydra oligactis) 3. amoeba (Amoeba proteus) 4. star fish (Asteroidea) 5. flat worms ((plathelminthes) 6. aphids (Myzus persicae) 7. bluegreen algae (cyanobacterium) 8. blackworm (Lumbriculus variegatus) 9. yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 10. paramecium (Pamecium caudatum) 8 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3 Activity 6: Fit me Directions. Complete each statement by choosing the terms in the grid below. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. PARTHENOGENESIS BUDDING CLONE FRAGMENTATION TRANSVERSE FISSION BINARY FISSION 1. is a term used to described morphologically and genetically similar individuals through asexual reproduction. 2. An asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site is called 3. In multicellular organisms it is a form of asexual reproduction in which an organism split into fragments where each of these fragments develop into matured, fully grown individuals that are identical to their parents 4. is a fission that involves direct reproduction in which each portion regenerates missing parts to become a complete new animal depending on the axis of separation. 5. a reproductive strategy that involves development of a female (rarely a male) gamete (sex cell) without fertilization. Activity 7: Aphids Reproduction Direction: Using the diagram, complete the statement below. Choose from the correct answer inside the parenthesis. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. Condition A Aphids can reproduce asexually when condition are stable and favorable during early springs, they can produce clones through ________________. (parthenogenesis; budding) With source of food Condition B In autumn, plants prepare for dormancy, food becomes scarce then aphids switch to reproductive modes to produce by _______________ means. (sexual, asexual) Scarcity of food 9 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3 Examples of Sexual Reproduction in Animals Activity 8: Sexual Reproduction in Animals Directions. Classify the following animals as viviparous or oviparous. Write on the space given. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. ANIMALS CLASSIFICATION 1. turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate) 2. eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) 3. giraffe (Giraffa camelopardis) 4. salmon (Salmo salar) 5. monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) 6. human (Homo sapiens) 7. frogs (Ran pipens) 8. banobo (Pan paniscus) 9. clownfish (Amphiprion ephippium) 10. cattle (Bos taurus) Activity 9: Guess Me! Directions. Complete the statements below by naming the given illustration. Write your answer on each blank opposite the number. Use the answer sheet in answering. During sexual reproduction, a haploid 1. unites with a haploid 2. cell to form a diploid. In human the chromosomes of the sperm cell have n=23 and the egg cell n= 23. After fertilization the combined egg cell and sperm cell known as 3. contain two set of chromosomes 2n=46. It later grows and develops to be 4. 1. _________________ 2. ____________________ 3. _________________ 4. ____________________ 10 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3 Activity 10: Sexual Reproduction Directions. Using the diagram below classify if the statement is correct or not as related to the descriptions of sexual reproduction in animals. Write True if it is correct and False if incorrect on the space given. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. _____1. Offspring are different from the parent organism. _____2. This process creates a variety of genetic make-up which is the driving force behind evolution. _____3. Sexual reproduction requires three parents. _____4. Asexual reproduction produces a greater chance of variation within a species than sexual reproduction would. _____5. This variation improves the chances that a species will adapt to his environment and survive. _____6. Only one sperm can fertilize an egg cell. _____7. Egg cell in human has 46 chromosomes. _____8. Sperm cell in human has 23 chromosomes. _____9. In sexual reproduction, not only do you need two gametes for fertilization, one has to be male, the other female. _____10. Genetic “errors” happen more frequently because meiosis is more complex than mitosis and diploid organisms have more chromosomes to double. 11 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3 Activity 11: (Provide title) Directions. Arrange the jumbled words and complete the description in the next column. Use the words in the box. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. HERMAPHRODITISM TWO; MONOECIOUS SEQUENTIAL HERMAPHRODITISM FEMALE; MALE M S I T I D O R H P A M R E H A. 1. ____________ are individuals that possess 2. ____________ reproductive systems and referred to as 3. ____________. May self-fertilize or may mate with another specie fertilizing each other to produce offspring. (earthworms, slugs, tapeworms and snails) S Q E L I A T N U E B. M S I T I D O R H P A M R E H 4. ____________ occurs when an organism changes its sex. The types are: Protogynous 5. ____________ converting to male) (Wrasse or reef fish) and Protandrous 6. ____________converting to female) (Clown fish) What I Have Learned 1. Animals can reproduce through asexual and sexual means. 2. Asexual reproduction in animals have different types such as : Binary fission where organism split into two separate organism; Budding is when new individual grows on the body of its parent; Fragmentation happens when multiple pieces of the parent breaks off and develops into a new organism; Transverse fission occur when an organism divides into two, leaving one piece headless and the other tailless each piece grows the missing body parts and Parthenogenesis when females egg develop into a new organism without being fertilized by a sperm cell. 3. Sexual reproduction in animals/ organism is when two organisms reproduce using their gametes the sperm and egg cell both have a haploid number of chromosomes. 4. Oviparous animals lay their eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the parent. 12 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3  5. Viviparous animals bring forth live young that have developed inside the body of the parent. 6. Asexual reproduction requires only one parent while sexual reproduction requires two parents. Activity 12: (Provide Title) Directions. Fill up the conceptual diagram about animal reproduction. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. What I Can Do Activity 13: The Life Cycle of a Clown Fish Directions. Using the diagram arrange the events occurring in the life of a clown fish. Write your answer on the space before the number. Use letter A-G. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. 13 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3  _____1. Adult clown fish either remains male or become female. _____2. Fertilized eggs are laid on a piece of coral near the anemone where they live. _____3. Mating dance occur where clown fish chase each other to where the eggs will be laid and repeat the process. _____4. The newly hatched clown fish started its life as male and it is called fry. _____5. The biggest clownfish will always become female. _____6. The fry catches their own food and become darker in shade as they age. _____7. The male clown fish attracts the female clown fish through courting that involves pulling and biting of fins. Assessment Multiple Choice. Read and analyze the following statements. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. The asexual reproduction where the organism splits into two separate organisms like in bacteria. A. budding B. binary fission C. fragmentation D. parthenogenesis 2. Flat worms (planarians) divides into two, leaving one piece headless and the other tailless each piece grows the missing body parts. A. budding B. binary fission A. fragmentation B. parthenogenesis 3. A new individual grows on the body of its parent like hydra and yeast. A. budding B. binary fission A. fragmentation B. parthenogenesis 4. Reproduction in animals that involves production of new living organism by combining two gametes from different organisms, one male producing motile gamete that must fuse with the egg cell from female organism. A. sexual B. asexual C. both a and b D. none of a and b 5. This is when an organism possesses two reproductive systems and are referred to as monoecious. A. budding B. hermaphroditism C. transverse fusion D. transverse fission 14 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3 6. Sperm cell and egg cell are used in sexual reproduction among animals. This refers to the collective term for sperm and egg cells. A. gametes B. body cells C. both a and b D. none of a and b 7. Hermaphroditism is also termed as _____________. A. monoecious B. dioecious C. both a and b D. none of a and b 8. Choose the statement that is TRUE about asexual reproduction in animals. A. Utilize gametes of the body. B. Variety of genetic make-up is produced. C. Involves more amount of time in the process. D. Produce offspring which are identical with the parents. 9. It is the term called for an organism that shifts from female to male like reel fish. A. protandrous B. protogynous C. both a and b D. none of a and b 10. Giraffe and lion are examples of A. oviparous B. viviparous C. both a and b D. none of a and b 11. Salmon and other bony fish are examples of A. oviparous B. viviparous C. both a and b D. none of a and b 12. This refers to the mechanism of asexual reproduction in which female offspring develops from unfertilized eggs A. budding B. fragmentation C. parthenogenesis D. transverse fission 13. It involves direct reproduction in which each portion regenerates missing parts to become a complete new animal depending on the axis of separation A. budding B. fragmentation C. parthenogenesis D. transverse fission For numbers 14-15, refer to the following choices below. A. Statement I is correct. B. Statement II is correct. C. Statement I and II are both correct. D. Statement I and II are both incorrect. 14. I. The male clown fish attracts the female clown fish through courting such as pulling and biting of fins. II. The biggest clownfish will always become female. 15 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3  15. I. Sexual reproduction involves the union of gametes and it does not change the number of chromosomes present. II. Asexual reproduction involves the union of gametes and it does not change the number of chromosomes present. Additional Activities Make a 300-word essay answering one of the questions below. Upload the essay using your name as saved file in the class shared drive. Accomplish using legal size paper, single spaces, normal margin and Century Gothic 11. 1. How will the offspring be affected if one of the gametes or one of the parents carry an impaired number of haploid chromosomes? Cite an example to justify your answer. Answer in 10 maximum sentences only. 2. How would you explain the relationship of life perpetuation to the evolution of life? RUBRICS Above Meets Below Expectation Expectation expectation ANALYSIS Response Response Response do provided an in- provided an in- not provide an depth analysis of depth analysis of in-depth the question the question analysis of the given. Show an given. Show little question given. understanding of understanding of Show an the lesson. the lesson. understanding Examples were Examples were of the lesson. given to explain given to explain Examples were the concept. the concept. not given to explain the concept. CLARITY The thoughts The thoughts The thoughts were clearly were slightly were expressed and expressed and unexpressed the organization the organization and there is no of the words were of the words organization of exemplified. were exemplified. the words in the sentence. WRITING Clear writing Clear writing Unclear writing SKILL complete with errors in complete sentence, no grammar and sentence, all errors in spelling. errors in grammar and grammar and spelling. spelling. 16 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3  Module 3 CO_Q2_ELS SHS 17 What’s I Know What’s More What’s More 1. A Activity 5 Activity 10 2. C 3. B 1. E, Parthenogenesis 1. True 4. A 2. B, Budding 2. True 5. B 3. A, Binary Fission 3. False 6. C 4. C, Fragmentation 4. False 7. A 5. D, Fragmentation 5. True 8. C 6. E, Parthenogenesis 6. True 9. A 7. A, Binary Fission 7. True 10. B 8. C, Fragmentation 8. True 11. A 9. B, Budding 9. True 12. A 10. A, Binary Fission 10. True 13. A Activity 11 14. B 15. A Activity 6 1. Hermaphroditism What’s In 2. Sperm cell 1.Clone 3. Fertilization 2.Budding 4. Sequential Hermaphroditism Activity 1 3.Fragmentation 5. Oviparous 1. True 4.Transverse fission 5.Parthenogenesi What I can Do 2. False 3. True Activity 7 Activity 13 4. False 5. False 1.Parthenogenesis 1. D 6. True 2.Sexual 2. A 7. False 3. G 8. True What’s More 4. B 9. True 5. E 10. True Activity 8 6. C What’s New 1.Oviparous 7. F 2.oviparous Assessment Activity 2 3.oviparous 4.oviparous 1. A Answer may vary among 2. A 5.oviparous 6.oviparous 3. B Students’ perceptions. 7.oviparous 4. B What’s It 8.oviparous 5. B 9.oviparous 6. B Activity 3 7. B 10.oviparous 8. D 1. Asexual 9. B Activity 9 2. Fragmentation 10. B 3. Binary fission 1. sperm 11. A 4. Budding 2. egg 12. D 5. Parthenogenesis 3. zygote 13. C 6. Transverse 4. offspring/child 14. C Activity 4 15. B 1. Egg; parent 2. Young, inside Answer Key References Basco-Tiamzon, M.E. Z, Avissar, Y.,Choi J.,Desaix, J., Jurukovski V., Wise, R., Rye,C. “General Biology 2 Senior High School Textbook” Published 2016 Vibal Group, Inc. Bayo-ang, R.B., Coronacion, M.L.G., Jorda, A.T., Restubog, A.J. “Earth and Life Science for Senior High School” Published 2016 Educational Resources Corporation Commission on Higher Educvation. Earth and Life Science for Senior High School. C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman, Quezon City Philippines. Commission on Higher Education, 2016 18 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 3 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]