Central University of South Bihar Education Syllabus PDF

Department of Teacher Education School of Education Central University of South Bihar, Gaya (Bihar) B.Sc.B.Ed-I Semester Course Title: Holistic Education Course Code: Edu-102 Dr. Kishor Kumar Assistant Professor, DTE, CUSB, Gaya, Bihar Syllabus Continue...

Department of Teacher Education School of Education Central University of South Bihar, Gaya (Bihar) B.Sc.B.Ed-I Semester Course Title: Holistic Education Course Code: Edu-102 Dr. Kishor Kumar Assistant Professor, DTE, CUSB, Gaya, Bihar Syllabus Continue………  Holistic Education Holistic means Whole Jam Christiaan Smuts has given the concept of Holism in the book- ‘Holism and Evolution’ in 1926.  Holistic Education What is Holistic Education? According to R. Miller, “Holistic education is based on the premise that each person finds identity, meaning, and purpose in life through connections to community, to the natural world, and to the spiritual values such as compassion and peace”.  Continue…  Montessori School (1980), “ Education with a holistic perspective is concerned with the development of every person’s intellectual, emotional, social, physical, artistic, creative and spiritual potentials. It also encourages the students for personal and collective responsibility.  H.E. is a movement in education that seeks to engage all aspects of the learner including mind, body and spirit.  Continue.. Holistic Education is a multi- levelled experiential journey of discovery, expression and mastery where all students and teachers learn and grow together.  Continue…. ‘Holistic education is a methodology which focuses on preparing the students to counter the various challenges that they may be face in life and in their academic career.’ Holistic education is the practice for creativity and productivity or any work. It is the harmony between inner  Rationale/Need of Holistic Education Emotions impact learning Learning is not just about the acquisitions of facts Emotional health is crucial (Imp.)for success Creativity is necessary for innovations Positivity promotes productivity Connecting life, knowledge and emotions that makes learning  Continue… Holistic education helps those who are with learning disabilities School does not always help emotional well being Positive and long terms results Ability to think critically Psychological growth For continuous success in education  Fundamental Principles of H. Edu. Connectedness:- Interdependence, Interrelationship, participatory, Non-linearity (cause-effect). Wholeness:- Whole system, multiple perspective, Independence, multiple level. Well-Being- Fully Human, creative expression, growth, responsibility.  Continue.. P. of Connectedness: It is based on the concept of an interconnected reality which originated in the philosophy of holism and was further developed through ecology, quantum physics and systems theory. P. of Wholeness: The concept that "the whole is more than the sum of its parts". Whole system has emergent properties that can't be deduced by studying their components. P. of Well-Being: Being is about fully experiencing the present moment; it is about inner peace, wisdom and insight; it is about being honest and authentic.  Holistic Learning What is Learning ‘Modification of behavior’ Or ‘Change in behavior through behavior’ Holistic Learning: UNESCO defined holistic learning as a learning approach that activates the learner’s intellect, emotions, imagination and body for more effective and comprehensive learning.  Continue…. ‘Its an approach to cover diverse learning needs.’ An approach that seeks to active all aspects of learner’s personality (Intellect, emotions, imagination, mind & body connection etc.) for more effective and comprehensive learning.’ ‘The term holistic learning signifies an approach to learning which is predominantly connect the whole person i.e. it seeks to engage fully all aspects of a person such as– mind, body and spirit.’  Continue.. Holistic Learning strives to achieve equity by providing the best learning atmosphere, resources, and activities that are appropriate for that child to succeed in life.  Characteristics of Holistic Learning Democratic Comprehensive (wholeness) Substantive (deep/origional/basic) Sequential Aesthetically driven Contextual Coherent Inquiry based Characteristics of Holistic Learning Shifts the emphasis from teaching to learning Focus learner’s learning styles Holistic Learning is Experiential Extends learners’ capabilities beyond the content that’s presented to them Holistic Learning Considers the Community Holistic Learning Includes Social-emotional Learning Holistic Learning Strengthens Relationships Holistic Learning Is Focused on Formative Assessments Holistic Learning Is Strengths-Based Holistic Learning Is Reverent (faithful/trustful) of The World Holistic Learning is Resource-Based Education Holistic Learning is equal parts indoors and outdoors  Continue… Contextualizes people’s learning experiences Focus on building new knowledge Require learners to reflect on their knowledge Holistic Learning is Personalized Facilitates relevant, problem based thinking Help learners to develop processes, skills and attitudes Use authentic tasks to engage learners  Holistic Development Dimensions of Holistic Development Physical Wellness Emotional Wellness Spiritual Wellness Intellectual Wellness Environmental Wellness Occupational Wellness Social Wellness  Continue.. Physical – Developing the body and senses optimally. Intellectual – Learning, developing mental processes, language and thinking. Social – Integrating with others and communicating well. Emotional – Healthy expression of feelings, building emotional intelligence. Spiritual – Developing morals, values and personality traits. Environmental- Developing their environmental perspectives Occupational- Awareness about your occupational processes and its growth.  Physical Development Child’s control over self body Ability to sit and stand Physical coordination Coordination in various physical activities Physical growth in height, weight , mass etc. Or how an individually growth Meditation, yoga, concentration etc..  Social Development The process by which a child:-  Interacts with others  perceive the problems of surroundings  tackle conflicts with others/peers  communicate with peers/others etc.  Develop their own individuality with in the community  Gains various skills from others  How develops various relations in the society?  Continue… Develop language skills Build self esteem Strength learning skills Resolve conflicts Establish positive attitude Communication skills Link with others  Cognitive Development It deals with thinking & mental process of an individual through six stages/levels-  Knowledge  Understanding  Application  Analysis  Synthesis  Evaluation  Spiritual Development It involves processing a set of guiding beliefs, principles, or values that help to give the directions to one’s life. S.D. focus on a high level of hope, faith, and commitment to your individual beliefs that provide a sense of meaning and purpose. A spiritually well person seeks harmony between what lies with in as well as the force outside.  Emotional Development When we talk about E.D., we are referring to children’s growing ability:  Identify and understand their own feelings  Establish a unique personal identity  Accurately read and understand the feelings of others  Able to handle the stress  Help a child to become self-confident  Manage the way they feel  Shape the way they behave  Develop empathy for others  Build & keep good relations with friends, family & others  Environmental & Occupational Development Environmental Development- Home or family environment, neighbors' environment, and awareness about natural environment. Occupational Development- It focus on the work place /academic place. It considers the one’s awareness towards the  Learning Styles These are the ways of learning by which a learner perceives, interacts and responds to the learning environment.  Continue…. Learning styles are those educational conditions under which a student is most likely to learn.  Continue… Learning style refers to the way one internally represents experiences and recalls or processes information. Leaning styles are those psychological and mental states of mind where learning takes place in a specific manner.  Classification of Learning Styles On the basis of Theory of Multiple Intelligence, Gardner (1983) classified learning styles in eight categories namely visual learners, aural learners and physical learners, verbal learners, logical learners, social learners, solo learners and natural learners. Similarly, VARK learning styles are propounded by Fleming and Mills (1992) in which ‘V’ stands for visual, ‘A’ for aural, ‘R’ for reading/writing and ‘K’ stands for kinesthetic.  Continue.. Visual learners/ Spatial Learner Aural learners/ Auditory Learner Physical learners (Kinesthetic), Verbal learners/Verbal(linguistic) Logical learners/(Mathematical) Social learners/Social(Interpersonal) Solo learners/Solitary (Intrapersonal) Natural learners  Continue… Visual Learner or Spatial Learner: In this style, the learner prefers to use images, pictures, diagrams, written directions, and spatial understanding to learn. This style is also known as spatial learning style. Such type learners also learn through the way of visual presentation of various sights and understand the information. The learners who take notes are also fall in this category. In this style of learning, a teacher has to use whiteboard in classroom during teaching to show images, pictures, and diagrams. Also a teacher should give learners a little time and space to work through information. They have to need more time to process material, so visual cues should be given to them for better understanding.  Continue… Aural Learner or Auditory Learner: The auditory learners strongly prefer to use sound and music to learn. This style of learners has better approach to learn when content is reinforced by sound. It is more beneficial to hear a lecture than to read the written notes for learning. Aural learners often read loudly, reinforce the new concepts and ideas with their own voices, like verbal presentations, good listeners, repeat the things, and aren’t afraid to speak up loud in class but slow in reading. They become singers or musicians or take interest in playing different musical instruments.  Continue… Engage the learners in his lecture by asking questions or by saying to repeat the concept during teaching. Additionally, a teacher should focus on verbal presentations, watching videos or audiotapes to engage the learners.  Learning Styles…. Verbal Learner or Linguistic Learner: These are the learners who prefer to use words, both in writing and speech. Also, they take interest in reading and writing. They have a vast vocabulary and can express easily to themselves. This type of learners draws their expression through writing, reading articles on internet, writing in diaries, looking up words in the dictionary. They involve in activities like as speaking, debating, and journalism etc.  Continue.. For such learners, a teacher has to provide opportunities of writing essays, reading books, doing online researches, organise debate on any topic in class, organise games on ‘recall and identify the words’ in language subjects, writing synonyms for a word, writing poems and giving reflective thinking based problems or  Continue.. Physical Learner or Kinesthetic Learner: These learners mostly prefer to use their sense of touch, body or hands. They are also known as ‘tactile’ learners because they want to learn the things through experience or by doing activities. They want to learn the various events through acting. In order to understand the concepts deeply, they use their body or hands for their actual judgement. They have more interest in physical activities. Physical learners learn best by doing rather than see or hear. Also, they might be good in sports, dance or more physical struggle based activities but might not have better hand writing. They need to take rest in between for continue reading or studying.  Continue.. For these learners, more chances should be given to practices in class e.g. to prepare charts, pictures, models related to different topics/subjects and also slogans on some social issues of society. Use learning by doing and play way methods for their teaching. Drama is also an appropriate activity for these learners. For the better understanding of abstract concepts, a teacher should follow ‘concrete to abstract’ rule to teach them. Also, a teacher should focus maximum on their moving or sports activities.  Continue.. Logical Learner or Mathematical Learner: The learners who prefer to use logic, reasoning and scientific way of thinking are fall into this category. They have an ability to know about the functions or parts of a system. They are more curious to know about the natural phenomenon. These learners solve the complex problems by developing the new strategies. Such learners have more interest  Continue.. For these learners, we have to focus on heuristic method and inquiry based pedagogical approaches in class teaching. More opportunities are given to enhance the logical and scientific way of their thinking, complex problem solving ability, their reflective thinking, making more curious about various concepts in mathematics, science and computer science etc.  Continue…… Physical (Kinesthetic) Verbal(linguistic) Logical(Mathematical) Social(Interpersonal) Solitary (Intrapersonal)  Continue.. Social Learner or Interpersonal Learner: Social learning style refers to a learner’s ability to understand and interact with other people or different social situations. These learners learn through interpersonal communication. They learn through group activities in class or school like- drama, club activity, and debate etc. This type of learners becomes social worker, communication managers, politician, actor and event coordinators. They are good in leading the groups, better interpersonal communication, organizing the groups, resolving the conflicts and organizing the class activities.  Continue.. In class, a teacher should provide them the opportunity of group assignment, think-pair and share, group discussion, brain storming, role playing and direct interaction with other learners on the various topics. We should focus on developing their social skills. He should teach them with cooperative or collaborative learning strategies. Moreover, project method is also helpful for them.  Continue.. Solitary Learner or Intrapersonal Learner: The solitary or intrapersonal learners are those, who prefer to self-study and work alone. They prefer to work in quite place and stay away from the crowd. Therefore, they don’t like to participate in class or group activities. They are in the tune of their own thoughts and feelings. They have their own independent views. They learn the things very quietly with their own pace and awareness.  Continue.. It is very difficult to understand these learners for a class teacher. A teacher needs to pay personal attention to such learners during teaching. Also, he/she should be assigned them individual task. These learners also need to take some break during a period in class for concentrate on lecture. Even such students do not know their own weaknesses and strengths. So, a teacher should help in realizing the strengths and to remove the weaknesses. Such learners should also be encouraged to participate in group activities. By doing so, a teacher can help them in their academics.  Continue.. Natural Learner: In this style, an individual learns best when working with nature. Learners who have this preferred style tend to enjoy learning about scientific or environmental topics and excel in those subjects. When possible, they enjoy seeing and interacting with natural materials or objects. For example, they enjoy learning while digging up the soil and starting plants. They tend to find patterns, perform experiments and use scientific theory to support their understanding of topics.  Continue.. When a teacher discussing a topic or idea in class, demonstrate how it relates to the environment and related subjects. Give them opportunities to perform experiments or hands-on activities on natural phenomenon. Demonstrate how different elements interact with one another and ask the learner to find patterns to make memorable connections. Learning Styles ‘VARK’ Learning Styles  Continue.. Learners’ types according to another classification which was described in Honey-Mumford Model (1986) are: Activists Reflectors Theorists Pragmatists  Purpose of Holistic Education Supportive Learning Environment Enhance Communication and Motivational Skills Stronger Teacher-student Relationship Increased Respect and Compassion Empowered Voice Comprehensive Understanding Focused on Experiential Learning Connected with Community and Natural World Real Life Application Being Creative and Problem Solver Developed all Aspects of Personality Learning How to Learn  Teacher’s Role in Holistic Education Guide and Facilitator Focus on special needs children Provides inclusive environment Monitoring and evaluation of assigned work Promote parents-teachers collaboration Encourage students for different activities Establish positive relationship b/t learner and learning  Continue… To promote group discussion Provide situational & experience based learning Encourage students for participation in community awareness programmes Provide opportunities for creative thinking Provide feedback to students/parents Focus on emotions, values, healthy  System Thinking (Barry Richmond, 1987) System: A set of elements or parts that are coherently organized and inner connected in a pattern or structure. Acc. to Barry Richmond, system thinking is the art and science of making reliable inferences (anuman) about the behavior of system by developing a deep understanding of underlying (basic) structure.  Continue.. System thinking is a method of critical thinking by which you analyze the relationships between the system’s parts in order to understand a situation for better decision- making. Generally, it is the deep understanding of underlying system or structure. A way of thinking about the behavior of a system.  Continue.. A system thinking approach means recognizing that a sum is greater than its parts — that all the pieces of an organization connect, interact and play a part in outcomes.  Key Points of System Thinking All systems are composed of inner connected parts The structure of system determines its behavior Emergence play important role for S.T. Synthesize Every system is dynamic Feedback loops System mapping  How can we practice for systems thinking? Curiosity rather than criticism Find the interrelated connections See what outcomes emerge Consider how you might be able to synthesize two or more things to make a new thing. Connect feedback between different parts of the system. Examine how one thing influences another thing (think: Pesticides! Rats!). Make your plan, keeping in mind the possible ripple effects and consequences of your decision.  Continue… In review, systems thinking looks at all parts of an overall system — rather than isolating them into individual sections. A systems thinker tries to expand the range of options available for solving a problem.  Whole Brain Learning Whole brain learning is a technique of teaching and learning that aims to activate the student’s brain for maximum involvement in learning process. Whole brain is an approach of teaching which integrates movements, gestures, sharing, immediate feedback, sensory channels, art and dance in teaching. A model of learning in which learners learn a concept through the using of both parts of brain. Continue… Continue..  Components of W.B.L. More Attention Follow the maximum rules of T & L process Motivation Activate Teaching Maximum engagement of students Unifying Class Focusing More Curious More Participation  Emotional Literacy This key concept is given by “Claude Steiner (1997)” Emotional Literacy is the term used to describe the ability to understand and express feelings. S. Hein (1996), ‘Emotional Literacy is the ability to express feelings with specific words’. Collins Dictionary, “Emotional Literacy is the ability to deal with one’s emotions and recognize their causes.”  Continue.. In generally, It is the ability to express the emotions productively. A capacity of recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for the motivation of ourselves as well as in our relationships. In generally, It is the ability to understand your emotions, ability to listen others and empathize on their emotions.  Continue.. Recognizing Understanding Labeling Expressing Regulating  Key Elements of Emotional Literacy Knowing your feelings Having a sense of empathy Learning about managing our emotions Repairing the emotional problems(Motivate) Handling relationships Thanks