Earth Science Past Paper - Q2 Module 7 - Ocean Basins (2020) PDF

Earth Science Quarter 2 – Module 7 Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7 Earth Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 7 – Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins First Edition, 2020 Republic...

Earth Science Quarter 2 – Module 7 Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7 Earth Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 7 – Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writers: May Eje Taguinod Editors: Randie B. Atienza, Adelinda A. Fajardo Reviewers: Marionel U. Briz, Francia C. Silva, Rowena D. Cabanding and Job S. Zape Jr. Illustrator: Patrick Lemuel V. Reyes Layout Artist: Paulina S. Crescini, Leomar G. Paracha Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral Job S. Zape Jr. Eugenio S. Adrao Elaine T. Balaogan Felizardo O. Bolaňos Joephi F. Falqueza Sacoro R. Comia Generiego O. Javier Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800 Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: [email protected]  EARTH SCIENCE Quarter 2 – Module 7 Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.  What I Need to Know This module is focuses on the evolution and structure of ocean basins. This aims to provide an overview of how ocean basins are formed over a millions of years ago and what is their unique structure that geologists find most interesting. This includes pre-test, procedure/learning experience/learning activities, reflection and posttest. Read the directions carefully before doing all the exercises and activities. At the end of this module, the successful learner will be able to: 1. Identify the structure of the ocean basin; 2. Describe the structure of the ocean basin; and 3. Explain the stages of the evolution of the ocean basin. What I Know Directions: Read and analyze the following questions. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following structure of the ocean basin is partly shallow extension of the continent underwater? A. Continental rise B. Continental Shelf C. Continental slope D. Island 2. Which of the following best describes continental slope? A. It is the flattest part of the ocean. B. It where the ocean actually begins. C. It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust. D. It is part of the ocean basin that extends up from the ocean floor. 3. Which of the following is the deepest part of the ocean? A. Abyssal plain B. Continental slope C. Seamount D. Trench 1 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7 4. Which of the following refers to the seafloor mountain system? A. Abyssal plain B. Continental slope C. Mid-oceanic ridge D. Trench 5. Why are undersea mountains flat? A. because of earthquake B. because of large marine animals C. because of erosion caused by waves D. because of large ships that pass through it 6. Where does upwelling process most likely occur? A. Abyssal plane B. Mid-oceanic ridge C. Seamount D. Trench 7. What happens during embryonic stage of ocean basin? A. Formation of young to mature mountain belts B. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts C. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins D. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents 8. What will most likely to occur during juvenile stage of the ocean basin? A. Formation of young to mature mountain belts B. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts C. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins D. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents 9. Which of the following is the ocean basin in mature stage? A. Atlantic Ocean B. East African Rift Valley C. Pacific Ocean D. Red Sea 10. An ocean basin formed a narrow, irregular seas with young mountains. What stage of the Wilson cycle was exhibited? A. Juvenile B. Mature C. Suturing D. Terminal 11. How will you categorize the stages of the ocean basin that formed island arcs and trenches around basin edge? A. Declining B. Embryonic C. Juvenile D. Mature 2 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7  12. Which stage of ocean basin form a rift valley? A. Declining B. Embryonic C. Suturing D. Terminal 13. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the Wilson Cycle? I. Young to mature mountain belts 6 II. Narrow seas with matching coasts 2 III. Ocean basin with continental margins 3 IV. Narrow irregular seas with young mountains 5 V. Islands arcs and trenches around basin edge 4 VI. Complex system of linear rift valleys on continent 1 A. I, II, III, IV, V, VI B. VI, V, IV, III, II, I C. VI, II, III, V, IV, I D. I, V, VI, IV, III, II 14. Which of the following is the best example of ocean basin in Suturing stage? A. Atlantic Ocean B. Himalayas Mountains C. Pacific Ocean D. Red Sea 15. In which stage of ocean basin formation does divergence occur? A. Juvenile and Mature B. Embryonic and Juvenile C. Mature and Declining D. Terminal and Suturing Lesson Structure and Evolution 7 of Ocean Basin What’s In Direction: Observe and analyze the given illustration. Answer the questions that follow. 3 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7  1. Based from the illustration, what do you think causes the sea floor to spread? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 2. What does the picture tell us about our ocean and continents? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 3. What other things have you learned about sea floor spreading? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ What’s New Direction: Read the statement and answer the following question. Philippine Trench, also called Philippine Deep, Mindanao Trench, or Mindanao Deep, is a submarine trench in the floor of the Philippine Sea of the western North Pacific Ocean bordering the east coast of the island of Mindanao. The abyss, which reaches the second greatest depth known in any ocean, was first plumbed in 1927 by the German ship Emden and found to have a depth of 34,440 feet (10,497 meters). How was this trench is formed? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What is It Less than 100 million of years ago the supercontinent Pangea had existed. Because of tectonic forces and processes, the supercontinent breaks apart and ocean basins are formed. The ocean basins cover the largest area of the earth’s surface. All of the ocean basins were formed from volcanic rock that was released from the fissures that is located at the mid-ocean ridges, which is an underwater mountain 4 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7 range formed by plate tectonics. Through subduction process and high gravitational energy, oceanic lithosphere is force to move under the mantle. Over years, ocean basins are continuously evolving as four major ocean subdivision is formed. The world ocean is divided into the North and South Pacific, North and South Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic Oceans. They are all distinct based on their stage of geological evolution. Pacific Ocean basin is the largest, deepest, and oldest existing ocean basin. More trenches, and more frequent tsunamis happens here. It has been shaped by plate tectonics. The second largest ocean basin is the Atlantic followed by the Indian ocean basin. The smallest of the earth’s ocean basins is Arctic, and is covered by ice. Through the formation of ocean basins, different features and structures are formed. See figure 2 below. 1. Continental shelf- Partly shallow extension of the continent underwater. 2. Continental slope- Transition zone of continental shelf and deep ocean floor. It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust. 3. Continental rise- It where the ocean actually begins. All basaltic and oceanic rocks are found here. It is the place where the sediments from land are washed. The continental margin starts from continental shelf up to continental rise. 4. Abyssal plain- The flattest part of the ocean. 50 % of the earth’s surface is being covered by this plain. 5. Island- It’s not just a piece of land floating up in the middle of the sea, it is part of the ocean basin that extends up from the ocean floor. 6. Seamount- It is an undersea mountain. The erosion caused by waves destroyed the top of a seamount which caused it to be flattened. 7. Trench- It is the deepest part of the ocean. 8. Mid-oceanic ridge- The seafloor mountain system which is situated in the middle of the ocean basin. It is where upwelling of magma happens which causes the sea floor to spread. Figure 1. The ocean basin 5 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7  Figure 2. Cross section of ocean basin Evolution of the Ocean Basin The Wilson Cycle explains the process of the opening (beginning) and the closing (end) of an ocean which is driven by Plate Tectonics. This process is named after the Canadian geophysicist J. Tuzo Wilson (1908-1993). It is divided into 6 stages namely: 1. Embryonic Ocean Basin, 2. Juvenile Ocean Basin, 3. Mature Ocean Basin, 4. Declining Ocean Basin, 5. Terminal Ocean Basin and 6. Suturing (Continental collision). The table below give details on each stages of Wilson Cycle. Stage Description Example Embryonic Motion: Uplift East African Rift Valleys Complex system of linear rift valleys on continent 6 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7 Juvenile Motion: Red Sea Divergence (Spreading) Narrow seas with matching coasts Mature Motion: Atlantic and Divergence Arctic (Spreading) Oceans Ocean basin with continental margins Declining Motion: Pacific Convergent Ocean (Subduction) Islands arcs and trenches around basin edge 7 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7  Terminal Motion: Mediterrane Convergent an Seas (Collision and Uplift) Narrow, irregular seas with young mountains Suturing Motion: Himalayas Convergence Mountains and Uplift Young to mature mountain belts What’s More A. Direction: Loop the word or phrase that pertains to the structure of the ocean basin. List down and describe each on the table provided. Write your answer in a sheet of paper. 8 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7  Structure of the Ocean Description Basin 1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 B. Direction: Complete the table below. Use the details inside the box. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper. Uplift Terminal Pacific Ocean Narrow seas Himalayas Mountains Spreading Mature Island Arcs and trenches Young to mature mountains Mediterranean Seas Convergence and Uplift Red Sea Stages Motion Description Example Complex system East African Rift 1. Embryonic of linear rift Valleys valleys 2. Juvenile Divergence Ocean basin with Atlantic and Arctic 3. Continental Oceans Margins 4. Declining Subduction Narrow irregular Collision and 5. seas with young Uplift mountains 6. Suturing 9 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7  What I Have Learned Direction: Using the concepts learned in this module, make a concept map.Write it in a sheet of paper. What I Can Do In your own words, briefly explain the formation of the following geologic structures: 1. Volcano 2. Mountain ranges 3. Ocean basin Assessment Direction: Select the letter of the best answer and write it in a separate sheet of paper. 1. Where does upwelling process most likely occur? A. Abyssal plane B. Mid-oceanic ridge C. Seamount D. Trench 2. What happens during embryonic stage of ocean basin? A. Formation of young to mature mountain belts B. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts C. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins D. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents 3. Which of the following is most likely to occur during juvenile stage of the ocean basin? A. Formation of young to mature mountain belts B. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts C. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins D. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents 10 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7 4. Which is an example of the ocean basin in mature stage? A. Atlantic Ocean B. East African Rift Valley C. Pacific Ocean D. Red Sea 5. An ocean basin formed a narrow, irregular seas with young mountains. What stage of the Wilson cycle was exhibited? A. Juvenile B. Mature C. Suturing D. Terminal 6. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the Wilson Cycle? I. Young to mature mountain belts 6 II. Narrow seas with matching coasts 2 III. Ocean basin with continental margins 3 IV. Narrow irregular seas with young mountains 5 V. Islands arcs and trenches around basin edge 4 VI. Complex system of linear rift valleys on continent 1 A. I, II, III, IV, V, VI B. VI, V, IV, III, II, I C. VI, II, III, V, IV, I D. I, V, VI, IV, III, II 7. Which of the following is the best example of ocean basin in Suturing stage? A. Atlantic Ocean B. Himalayas Mountains C. Pacific Ocean D. Red Sea 8. In which stage of ocean basin formation does divergence occur? A. Juvenile and Mature B. Embryonic and Juvenile C. Mature and Declining D. Terminal and Suturing 9. Which of the following structure of the ocean basin is a partly shallow extension of the continent underwater? A. Continental rise B. Continental Shelf C. Continental slope D. Island 10. Which of the following best describes continental slope? A. It is the flattest part of the ocean. B. It where the ocean actually begins. C. It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust. D. It is part of the ocean basin that extends up from the ocean floor. 11 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7  11. Which of the following is the deepest part of the ocean? A. Abyssal plain B. Continental slope C. Seamount D. Trench 12. Which of the following refers to the seafloor mountain system? A. Abyssal plain B. Continental slope C. Mid-oceanic ridge D. Trench 13. Why are undersea mountains flat? A. because of earthquake B. because of large marine animals C. because of erosion caused by waves D. because of large ships that pass through it 14. How will you categorize the stage of the ocean basin that formed island arcs and trenches around basin edge? A. Declining B. Embryonic C. Juvenile D. Mature 15. Which stage of ocean basin form a rift valley? A. Declining B. Embryonic C. Suturing D. Terminal Additional Activities Direction: Using a World Map, identify and locate at least 5 places where the six stages of the Wilson Cycle occur. 12 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7 13 Assessment What I Know B B D C B D A C A C C B B D A B B A C A D A C B C C A B B A Answer Key References BOOKS Pulido, M. C., Lopez, C. C, & Cantero, C. T. (2017). Earth Science: Lorimar Publishing, Inc. Olivar, J., Rodolfo, R., & Cabria, H. (2016). Exploring Life Through Science Series: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. WEB RESOURCES Retrieved on July 2, 2020: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_basin Retrieved on July 3, 202 https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/world-ocean/ocean- basins-and-continents (TSI Community) https://polarpedia.eu/en/wilson-cycle/ 14 CO_Q2_Earth Science (SHS)_ Module 7 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]