Earth Science Reviewer PDF

​ Example of biological weathering- Plant that grows on the cracks of the rocks ​ NOT included- abrasion, carbonation, acidification, hydration ​ Example of oxidation- Rust decomposes rocks completely with passage of time. ​ As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core, the temper...

​ Example of biological weathering- Plant that grows on the cracks of the rocks ​ NOT included- abrasion, carbonation, acidification, hydration ​ Example of oxidation- Rust decomposes rocks completely with passage of time. ​ As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core, the temperature increases. ​ Earth’s internal heat builds up due to gravitational pressure- Because the escape of heat from Earth’s surface is less than the heat generated ​ Due to radioactive decay in the center of the Earth, the planet is cooling off. (incorrect) ​ Volcanites - igneous rock formation is produced when the process of crystallization takes place on the Earth’s surface ​ Happened during flux melting- Rock’s melting point is reduced by adding some water or carbon dioxide. ​ Decompression melting occur- It occurs when the temperature increases inversely proportional to pressure. ​ How is magma formed?- Magma is formed under certain circumstances in special location deep in the crust or in the upper mantle. ​ Scist type of metamorphic rock will form if a mud rock experiences high-grade metamorphism ​ NOT form from shale- Marble ​ Correct set of major agents from metamorphism- Temperature and pressure ​ Major role of pressure in producing metamorphic rocks- Pressure leads to foliation in the rock ​ Pushed the two sides of the clay bar using equal force from her hands on the same axis. What type of stress did she exerted on the clay bar? - Compressional stress ​ Mountains are a result of high-impact stress caused when two plates collided. What kind of stress caused it to form? - Compressional stress ​ East Africa Rift formed by stress that causes the hanging wall to drop down- Normal Fault ​ Type of stress is exerted in convergent plate boundaries- Tensional stress ​ Location are shear stress commonly occur- Transform plate boundaries ​ Magnetometer - a device that detect magnetic field ​ Feature of seafloor is shallow, gradually sloping seabed around the edge of a continent and has a depth less than 200 meters and can be thought of as the submerge edge of a continent- Mid-ocean ridge ​ How did drilling samples show that sea-floor spreading really has taken place?- The further away from the ridge the samples were taken, the older the rocks were, the younger rocks were always in the center of the ridges. ​ Parts does molten material rises from the mantle and erupts or flows out- Along mid-ocean ridges ​ Compare the age of the rocks in the seafloor- the younger rocks are in the middle at the ridge, the older are far from the ridge ​ Best example of ocean basin in Suturing stage- Himalayas Mountains ​ Stage of ocean basin formation does divergence occur- Juvenile and Mature ​ Structure of the ocean basin is a partly shallow extension of the continent underwater- Continental Shelf ​ Continental slope- It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust. ​ The deepest part of the ocean- trench ​ Seafloor mountain system- Mid-oceanic ​ Mountain → ​ Volcanic- type of mountains led early explorers to call the rim of the Pacific Ocean as the Ring of Fire ​ Can be found at the divergent plate boundary- Mid-oceanic ridge ​ Pattern of movement of divergent plates- Two plates move away from each other. ​ Incorrect about plate movements- Its movements of plates is not a source of earthquakes. ​ Convergent boundary between two oceanic crust results to subduction- Manila trench ​ Type of rock usually contains fossils- Sedimentary rocks ​ Where do sediments come from?- rock weathering produces sediment ​ In a cliff, where are the oldest layers of rocks made of sedimentary rocks usually found?- At the bottom ​ Law of Superposition- A sedimentary rock layer in its original position is older than the layer above it and younger than the layers below it ​ Principle of Original Horizontality- in most cases sedimentary beds are deposited as horizontal units. ​ Cause the rock formation of rock layers- Erosion and weathering ​ Technique explains that the lowest layer is the oldest while the topmost layer is the youngest layer- Stratigraphy ​ You can’t break a rock if it does not exist- Rock layers are older than faults found in them ​ Type of dating method can be used on rock layers by applying the law of superposition- Relative dating ​ Indicates the relative age of a rock layer- The position of the layer compared to other layers ​ Absolute dating- Quantitative measurement ​ Series of sedimentary rocks- The bottom layer is the youngest and the top layer is the oldest ​ Relative and absolute dating- Absolute dating is the technique that determines the exact age of a historical remaining while relative dating gives the order of age of several samples.