Earth Science Final Exam Study Guide PDF

Earth Science Final Exam Study Guide Cosmology 1. Identify the galaxy we live in and it’s shape a. Milky Way, spiral 2. Draw and label the life cycle of a star a. 3. Be familiar with the electromagnetic spectrum. Which waves have the biggest wavelengths? How does that...

Earth Science Final Exam Study Guide Cosmology 1. Identify the galaxy we live in and it’s shape a. Milky Way, spiral 2. Draw and label the life cycle of a star a. 3. Be familiar with the electromagnetic spectrum. Which waves have the biggest wavelengths? How does that correlate with frequency and energy? a. 4. Explain redshift and blueshift using knowledge of visible light. a. Separating the colors of light coming from an object allows us to tell if it’s moving away or towards us i. Objects moving away have waves lengthened, red shift ii. Moving toward are closer, blue shift 5. List the parts of Kepler’s Law a. Orbits are ellipses b. Equal areas are equal in time c. The time it takes a planet to revolve around the sun is proportional to its distance from the sun  6. Explain the source of energy for a star (including elements) a. nuclear fusion: H -> He -> C -> O -> Si -> Fe 7. Be able to read an HR diagram a. 8. Name and describe the 3 types of galaxies a. 9. What is gravity and what does it depend on? a. A force that attracts objects or pulls them together, it depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them Geology 10. Put the time units from the geologic time in order from biggest to smallest a. eon, era, period, epoch 11. Label a diagram of the rock cycle  a. b. 12. Define Law of Superposition a. a major principle of stratigraphy stating that within a sequence of layers of sedimentary rock, the oldest layer is at the base and that the layers are progressively younger with ascending order in the sequence 13. List the layers from oldest to youngest H,G,F,E,D,X-Y,A,C,B  14. What is the difference between absolute age and relative age? a. Absolute - uses radiometric dating b. Relative - uses the law of superposition 15. A rock is found that has 1/16 of the normal amount of Uranium 235. THe half life 🟡 of Uranium 235 is 0.7 billion years. How old is the rock? a. 2.8 billion years old 16. What are rocks? a. made of two or more minerals 17. What is the difference between weathering and erosion? a. Weathering is the mechanical and chemical hammer that breaks down and sculpts the rocks. Erosion transports the fragments away. 18. What is a topographic map? a. map is the use of elevation contour lines to show the shape of the Earth's surface 19. Be able to read a topographic map. a. Feedback Loops 20. Define a positive feedback loop and give an example  a. 21. Define a negative feedback loop and give an example a. Scientific Method 22. Tell the difference between the independent and dependent variable a. Dependent - the measurable outcome (graphed on y-axis) b. Independent - the variable that is manipulated/changed between the different experimental groups (graphed on the x-axis)