Photosynthesis PDF
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This document provides an overview of photosynthesis, covering topics such as leaf structure, stomata adaptations, light absorption, and the photosynthesis equation. It describes the light-dependent and independent reactions within chloroplasts, as well as laboratory activities focused on environmental factors and plant pigments. This document is likely part of a biology curriculum, suitable for a secondary school setting.
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1. Leaf Structure & Function uticle: Waxy layer that reduces water loss. C Epidermis: Protective outer layer. Stomata: Pores for gas exchange (CO₂ in, O₂ out). Mesophyll: Contains chloroplasts for p...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1. Leaf Structure & Function uticle: Waxy layer that reduces water loss. C Epidermis: Protective outer layer. Stomata: Pores for gas exchange (CO₂ in, O₂ out). Mesophyll: Contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Xylem & Phloem: Transport water and nutrients (xylem)and sugars (phloem). 2. Stomata Adaptations In Dry Environments: Fewer or smaller stomata to reducewater loss. In Wet Environments: More stomata for better gas exchange. 3. Light Absorption L ight: Plants absorb light in the visible spectrum,primarily blue (430-450 nm) and red (640-680 nm) light. Green light is reflected, making plants appear green. 4. Photosynthesis Equation 6CO2 + 6H2 O + sunlight -> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2. 5. Light-Dependent and Light-Independent Reactions L ight-Dependent Reactions: Occur in the thylakoidmembranes of the chloroplasts. Water is split to release oxygen, and light energy is converted into ATP and NADPH. Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle): Occurin the stroma. ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions are used to convert CO₂ into glucose. 6. Chloroplast Structure uter Membrane: Encloses the chloroplast. O Inner Membrane: Surrounds the stroma. Thylakoids: Membranous sacs where light-dependentreactions occur. Stroma: Fluid where the Calvin cycle occurs. 7. Lab Activities S tomata Lab: Investigated how environmental conditions(e.g., light) affect stomatal density. Chromatography Lab: Separated plant pigments to demonstratethat different pigments absorb light at various wavelengths.
