Dental Anatomy Lecture 3 (Fall 2024-2025) PDF

Course Title: Dental Anatomy I Course Code: OBI011 Topic of Lecture : 1- Tooth Numbering (Identification) Systems. 2- Crown Elevations. Lecturer: Dr. Tamer Badawy Post : Lecturer P r o g r a m O F D e n t i s t r y...

Course Title: Dental Anatomy I Course Code: OBI011 Topic of Lecture : 1- Tooth Numbering (Identification) Systems. 2- Crown Elevations. Lecturer: Dr. Tamer Badawy Post : Lecturer P r o g r a m O F D e n t i s t r y T h e F u t u r e S t a r t s H e r e F A L L 2 0 2 4 - 2 0 2 5 By the end of this lecture, the student has to: Tooth Identification (Numbering) Systems  UR UL 1- Palmer Notation System LR LL This system utilizes simple brackets to represent the four quadrants of the dentition as if you facing the patient. In Maxillary (Upper) Right In Maxillary (Upper) Left In Mandibular (Lower) Right In Mandibular (Lower) Left The permanent teeth are numbered from 1-8 on each side from the midline The Permanent teeth are numbered from 1-8 on each side from the midline. e.g 1…central incisor, 3…..canine……etc. Upper right Upper left 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lower right Lower left 7 Permanent Upper Right Second Molar 3 Permanent Upper Left Canine Lower Left First Premolar Permanent Lower Right 4 2 Lateral Incisor The Deciduous teeth are lettered from A-E on each side from the midline. Upper right Upper left E D C B A A B C D E E D C B A A B C D E Lower right Lower left D Deciduous upper right first molar Deciduous upper left lateral B incisor C Deciduous lower left canine E Deciduous lower left second molar  Permanent Teeth Deciduous Teeth  2- The International Numbering System (The Two Digit System) (FDI System) The teeth are designated by using two-digit systems: a. The first digit of the code is located at the left side of the number and indicates the Quadrant. Permanent Dentition. Deciduous Dentition U.R. 1 2 U.L. U.R. 5 6 U.L L.R. 4 3 L. L. L.R. 8 7 L.L. b. The second digit is located at the right side of the number and indicates the number of the tooth in the quadrant. ****The two digits should be pronounced separately.  Reference: Recorded Lecture for Professor Masato Kaku Hiroshima University JAPAN  Permanent teeth 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 16 Permanent upper right first molar 33 Permanent lower left canine Deciduous teeth 55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65 85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75 Deciduous upper right second Deciduous lower left lateral 55 72 molar incisor  Reference: Recorded Lecture for Professor Masato Kaku Hiroshima University JAPAN  3)The Universal Numbering System (American Numbering System): The number is always preceded by the sign # to designate that the system is used for universal system. Permanent teeth (1 – 32) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 #23 Permanent Lower left Lateral incisor #16 Permanent upper left third molar  Deciduous teeth (1 – 20) The number is preceded by d# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 Or (A - T) The letter is preceded by # only A B C D E F G H I J T S R Q P O N M L K d# 14 Deciduous lower left lateral #B Deciduous upper right incisor first molar  Summary of Tooth Numbering Systems for Permanent Teeth  Summary of Tooth Numbering Systems for Deciduous & Permanent Teeth  Anatomical Landmarks of the Crown A - Crown Elevations B - Crown Depressions  Anatomical Landmarks of the Crown A - Crown Elevations 1-Lobe 2-Tubercle 3-Ridge  1- Lobe It is one of the primary centers of calcification and growth formed during the crown development.  1-Lobe All teeth crowns consist of 4 lobe ( L …O….B…..E..)………4 letters Except, some teeth consist of 5 lobes:- lower 5 (3 cusp type) lower 6 , may be lower 8 Some teeth consist of 3 lobes:- Upper 7 (3 cusp type), may be upper 8 Peg – shaped Maxillary lateral Incisor Some teeth consist of less than 3 lobes:- Peg shaped upper lateral incisor, supernumerary teeth  a- Mamelons Mature forms Of Lobe on the Tooth crown b- Cingulum c- Cusps  a. Mamelones They are three small round projections of enamel present in the incisal third of Newly Erupted Incisors. After normal use, eventually the mamelones wear down into a flat edge. Incisal Ridge (Mamelons) Attrition (Wear) Incisal Edge Incisal Edge Attrition (Wear) Incisal Ridge  b.Cingulum It is the Enlargement or Bulge on the cervical one third of Lingual surface of the crown in Anterior Teeth. (Represents the lingual lobe)  c- Cusp Elevation of various size & shape (usually pyramidal) present on **Incisal portion of canine. **The occlusal surface of posterior teeth It is formed of Enamel, Dentin & Pulp (Represents Lobe) Enamel D Dentin extension Cusp P Pulp horn C B  2-Tubercle It is a small elevation. It is produced by excessive formation of Enamel. Tubercle differs from Cusp as it is formed of Enamel only while cusp represent lobe and is formed of Pulp horn covered by Dentin and Enamel. ** Tubercle is noticed at the palatal surface of E6 and sometimes at the lingual surface of incisors over cingulum. 2- Tubercle Tubercle of Carabelli  3-Ridge It is a Linear Elevation on the different surfaces of the crown. Facial Lingual Occlusal A- Ridges on the Facial surface (Labial and Buccal): Labial Ridge: Buccal Ridge: Found on the labial Usually found on the buccal Cervical Ridge: surfaces of canines. surfaces of the Premolars. It is found on the cervical one third of the facial surfaces of all the teeth. Well developed in the (D) followed by (E).  B- Ridges on the Lingual surface: 4.Marginal Ridge: Mesial and Distal Marginal Ridges 3.Lingual Ridge: 1.Incisal 2.Cusp Ridge Ridge (Edge) (Cusp Slopes) (Cusp Arms)  Ridges on the Lingual surface: Incisal Ridge Found on the lingual surface of newly erupted incisors at its incisal margin. Cusp Ridge: They are the ridges that form an angle at the cusp tip. These ridges may also be called cusp slopes or cusp arms Cusp ridges of canines are found on lingual surfaces while cusp ridges of posterior teeth are found on occlusal surfaces. Lingual Ridge: It is extending vertically from cingulum to cusp tip of canine. Marginal Ridge: It is the linear elevation found on the mesial and distal margins in the lingual surface of the anterior teeth (incisors and canines). C- Ridges on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth: 1.Marginal Ridges 1 2 2.Triangular Ridges: 1 2 of 3.Transverse Ridge 4 4.Oblique Ridge: (E67 may be D, 8) Ridges on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth: Marginal Ridge: On the occlusal surface (Margins) of the posterior teeth mesial and distal marginal ridges Triangular Ridge: This ridge is triangular in shape. It descends from any cusp tip to the center of the occlusal surface. Transverse Ridge: It is a ridge crossing the occlusal surface (transversally) and made up of a combination of two triangular ridges of two opposing cusps. Oblique Ridge: It is a ridge crossing the occlusal surface of maxillary molars (E67 may be D, 8) obliquely and it is made up of a combination of two triangular ridges of two non- opposing cusp. Triangular Ridge Transverse Ridge Oblique Ridge All occlusal surfaces of Lower first Premolar Upper Molars posterior teeth. 4 Text Books to be used for further study information 1- Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. NINTH EDITION. ISBN 978-1-4160-6209-7.Author: Major M. Ash; Stanley J. Nelson. Publisher: W.B. Saunders Co. ELSEVIER. 2010. ​ 2- Woelfel’s Dental Anatomy. EIGHTH EDITION. ISBN 978-1-60831-746-2. Author: Rickne C. Scheid; Gabriela Weiss. Publisher: Wolters Klluwer Co. 2012. Latest editions of the above mentioned books will be more appreciated.