Dementia Drugs Part 2 PDF

\#\#\# Slide 7 - Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis 1\. \*\*Which pathological hallmark appears earlier in Alzheimer's disease?\*\* \- A) Amyloid plaques \- B) Neurofibrillary tangles \- C) Lewy bodies \- D) Tau proteins \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Amyloid plaques 2\. \*\*What cellular structure is asso...

\#\#\# Slide 7 - Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis 1\. \*\*Which pathological hallmark appears earlier in Alzheimer's disease?\*\* \- A) Amyloid plaques \- B) Neurofibrillary tangles \- C) Lewy bodies \- D) Tau proteins \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Amyloid plaques 2\. \*\*What cellular structure is associated with Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles?\*\* \- A) Neurons \- B) Microtubules \- C) Glial cells \- D) Synapses \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Microtubules 3\. \*\*What is a key contributor to neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease?\*\* \- A) Increased dopamine \- B) Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity \- C) Elevated acetylcholine \- D) GABA overactivity \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity \#\#\# Slide 8 - Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis (Continued) 4\. \*\*Destruction of neurons in Alzheimer's primarily occurs in which brain regions?\*\* \- A) Basal ganglia and cerebellum \- B) Cortex and limbic structures \- C) Brainstem and cerebellum \- D) Spinal cord \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Cortex and limbic structures 5\. \*\*The Meynert nucleus is involved in Alzheimer's disease. What is its role?\*\* \- A) Regulating balance \- B) Projecting neurons to the hippocampus and frontal cortex \- C) Controlling auditory reflexes \- D) Managing muscle tone \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Projecting neurons to the hippocampus and frontal cortex 6\. \*\*Which neurotransmitter plays a critical role in memory and cognition in Alzheimer's?\*\* \- A) Serotonin \- B) Acetylcholine \- C) Dopamine \- D) Glutamate \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Acetylcholine \#\#\# Slide 9 - Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis 7\. \*\*Which imaging modality is used to detect hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease?\*\* \- A) PET scan \- B) MRI \- C) CT scan \- D) X-ray \*\*Answer\*\*: B) MRI 8\. \*\*Which biomarker is used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease through cerebrospinal fluid analysis?\*\* \- A) Dopamine and serotonin \- B) Amyloid-beta and tau proteins \- C) Acetylcholine and GABA \- D) Epinephrine and norepinephrine \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Amyloid-beta and tau proteins 9\. \*\*A cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease is typically diagnosed by what?\*\* \- A) Sudden memory loss \- B) Progressive, insidious cognitive impairment \- C) Acute motor deficits \- D) Sudden mood changes \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Progressive, insidious cognitive impairment \#\#\# Slide 10 - Alzheimer's Disease Treatment 10\. \*\*What is the main goal of current Alzheimer's treatments?\*\* \- A) To halt amyloid plaque deposition \- B) To increase acetylcholine levels in the synapse \- C) To reduce dopamine levels \- D) To enhance GABA transmission \*\*Answer\*\*: B) To increase acetylcholine levels in the synapse 11\. \*\*What is the average life expectancy after the onset of Alzheimer's disease?\*\* \- A) 1-3 years \- B) 6-12 years \- C) 20-25 years \- D) Less than 1 year \*\*Answer\*\*: B) 6-12 years 12\. \*\*What is a common complication leading to death in Alzheimer's patients?\*\* \- A) Stroke \- B) Heart failure \- C) Complications of immobility \- D) Liver failure \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Complications of immobility \#\#\# Slide 11 - Reversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors 13\. \*\*Which class of drugs is used for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease?\*\* \- A) Cholinesterase inhibitors \- B) Dopamine agonists \- C) MAO inhibitors \- D) GABA antagonists \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Cholinesterase inhibitors 14\. \*\*What is a key adverse effect associated with cholinesterase inhibitors?\*\* \- A) Bradycardia \- B) Hypertension \- C) Hyperactivity \- D) Weight gain \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Bradycardia 15\. \*\*How much delay in cognitive deterioration can cholinesterase inhibitors provide?\*\* \- A) 1-2 months \- B) 6-12 months \- C) 5 years \- D) No delay \*\*Answer\*\*: B) 6-12 months \#\#\# Slide 12 - NMDA Blockers 16\. \*\*What is the mechanism of action of memantine in Alzheimer's disease?\*\* \- A) NMDA receptor antagonist \- B) Dopamine receptor agonist \- C) Serotonin reuptake inhibitor \- D) Acetylcholine agonist \*\*Answer\*\*: A) NMDA receptor antagonist 17\. \*\*Memantine is used in which stage of Alzheimer's disease?\*\* \- A) Mild \- B) Moderate to severe \- C) Asymptomatic \- D) Early onset \*\*Answer\*\*: B) Moderate to severe 18\. \*\*What is a common side effect of NMDA receptor antagonists like memantine?\*\* \- A) Dizziness \- B) Weight gain \- C) Increased appetite \- D) Tachycardia \*\*Answer\*\*: A) Dizziness \#\#\# Slide 13 - Clinical Tips on Alzheimer's Treatment 19\. \*\*Alzheimer's medications should be tapered off in all the following conditions EXCEPT:\*\* \- A) Severe side effects \- B) End of life care \- C) Significant improvement after 3 months \- D) Rapid cognitive deterioration \*\*Answer\*\*: C) Significant improvement after 3 months 20\. \*\*What is a reason to stop Alzheimer's medication in a patient?\*\* \- A) MMSE score \> 30 \- B) The patient is on dialysis \- C) No improvement after 6 months \- D) The patient reports vivid dreams \*\*Answer\*\*: C) No improvement after 6 months