CSR Exam PDF

CSR Strategies and Sustainability Quiz Review Question 1: What is a key component of contemporary CSR strategies? Answers: A. Link to value creation (Correct) B. Distribution of created value C. Reactive approach D. Focus on risk Question 2: Carroll’s (1991) CSR Pyramid included which types of re...

CSR Strategies and Sustainability Quiz Review Question 1: What is a key component of contemporary CSR strategies? Answers: A. Link to value creation (Correct) B. Distribution of created value C. Reactive approach D. Focus on risk Question 2: Carroll’s (1991) CSR Pyramid included which types of responsibilities? Answers: A. Economic B. Legal C. Environmental D. All of the above E. A and B (Correct) Question 3: What is the term used to describe CSR as a distinct activity of companies in the US? Answers: A. Reactive CSR B. Implicit CSR C. Traditional CSR D. Explicit CSR (Correct) Question 4: What does the acronym ESG stand for? Answers: A. Environmental, Sustainable, Growth B. Ethical, Sustainable, Green C. Economic, Social, Governance D. Environmental, Social, Governance (Correct) Question 5: What is a core component of the academic understanding of Sustainability? Answers: A. Balancing inter and intra-generational justice (Correct) B. Learning how to live in a circular economy C. Ensuring that we reduce inequality D. Reducing our dependence on fossil fuels E. A and B Social Welfare and Business Ethics Quiz Review Question 1: What ways can companies contribute to social welfare? Answers: A. All of the above B. Providing goods and services (Correct) C. Tax avoidance D. Environmental degradation E. Harmful labor practices Question 2: What does the term "stakeholder" refer to in the context of stakeholder theory? Answers: A. Only shareholders B. Government entities only C. Only employees of a company D. Groups and individuals impacted by a company's actions (Correct) E. All of the above Question 3: What is a corporation typically regarded as in the eyes of the law? Answers: A. Artificial persons (Correct) B. Sole proprietors C. Natural persons D. Partnerships Question 4: What is the concept of "Social License to Operate" (SLO)? Answers: A. Legal permission to operate a business B. Ongoing acceptance of a company's practices by stakeholders (Correct) C. A government-issued license for corporate activities D. A certification for ethical business practices E. A and D Question 5: According to Milton Friedman, what is the social responsibility of business? Answers: A. To increase profits (Correct) B. To engage in social responsibilities C. To provide public goods D. To support government initiatives E. A and C Ethics and Social Contract Theory Quiz Review Question 1: What is the difference principle in Social Contract Theory? Answers: A. It prioritizes individual rights over collective welfare B. It focuses on achieving the greatest good for the greatest number C. It emphasizes maximizing self-interest D. It aims to benefit the least advantaged in society (Correct) Question 2: Which ethical theory is primarily concerned with the consequences of actions? Answers: A. Consequentialism (Correct) B. Deontology C. Virtue Ethics D. Ethics of Duty Question 3: What is the main criticism of ethical egoism? Answers: A. It prioritizes self-interest over the interests of others (Correct) B. It does not consider individual desires C. It relies on universal moral principles D. It focuses too much on the consequences Question 4: Which ethical theory involves the 'veil of ignorance' concept? Answers: A. Utilitarianism B. Virtue Ethics C. Deontology D. Social Contract Theory (Correct) Question 5: How does the ethics of rights differ from Kantian ethics? Answers: A. It is based on pre-established rights rather than duties derived from the categorical imperative (Correct) B. It prioritizes self-interest C. It emphasizes character development D. It focuses on outcomes rather than duties Question 6: Which ethical theory is most likely to justify actions that benefit the majority but harm a minority? Answers: A. Ethics of Rights B. Deontology C. Virtue Ethics D. Utilitarianism (Correct) Question 7: According to deontology, what determines the morality of an action? Answers: A. The greatest happiness principle B. The consequences of the action C. The adherence to moral rules or duties (Correct) D. The character of the person acting Question 8: What is ethical absolutism? Answers: A. Morality is determined by the greatest good for the greatest number B. Morality is context-dependent and subjective C. Morality is based on universally applicable principles (Correct) D. Morality focuses on individual self-interest Ethics and Decision-Making Quiz Review Question 1: What is the "agentic state" in the context of obedience to authority? Answers: A. A state where individuals always question authority B. A state where individuals see themselves as executing orders rather than acting on personal responsibility (Correct) C. A state where individuals refuse to follow any orders D. A state where individuals create their own ethical guidelines E. A state where individuals act based on personal responsibility Question 2: Which ethical theory could support the engineers' decision to blow the whistle on Volkswagen's emissions scandal? Answers: A. Deontology B. Utilitarianism C. All of the above (Correct) D. Virtue Ethics Question 3: What is the main idea behind the concept of "moral intensity"? Answers: A. The severity of the ethical issue at hand (Correct) B. The pressure to conform to group norms C. The influence of organizational culture on ethical decision-making D. The strength of an individual's moral compass E. All of the above Question 4: Which of the following is NOT a stage in Rest's model of ethical decision-making? Answers: A. Intent B. Behaviour C. Judgement D. Moral Imagination (Correct) E. Awareness Question 5: What is the main ethical dilemma faced by the engineers in the Volkswagen Emissions Scandal? Answers: A. Balancing their desire to conform to group norms with their own moral compass B. Balancing their professional obligations with their personal values C. Balancing their desire for personal gain with their ethical principles D. Balancing their loyalty to their company with their responsibility to the public (Correct) E. None of the above Question 6: What is the main focus of descriptive ethical theory? Answers: A. How people should make ethical decisions B. The consequences of ethical decision-making C. The role of individual values in ethical decision-making D. How ethical decisions are actually made in businesses (Correct) Question 7: What is "groupthink"? Answers: A. A phenomenon where groups make decisions based on rational analysis B. A phenomenon where groups make decisions based on consensus, even if it is irrational (Correct) C. A phenomenon where groups make decisions based on the opinions of the most influential members D. A phenomenon where groups make decisions based on the opinions of outside experts E. A and B ESG and Corporate Governance Quiz Review Question 1: What is the main implication of the "Friedman-Freeman debate" for ESG investing? Answers: A. It argues that ESG investing is not compatible with profit maximization B. It argues that ESG investing is a fad that will eventually fade away C. It highlights the tension between shareholder interests and stakeholder interests (Correct) D. It suggests that ESG investing is a form of shareholder activism E. It suggests that ESG investing is only relevant for large companies Question 2: What is the main difference between a traditional for-profit company and a steward-owned company? Answers: A. A steward-owned company is more focused on social responsibility (Correct) B. A steward-owned company is more likely to be publicly traded C. A steward-owned company is more likely to be family-owned D. A steward-owned company is more focused on profit maximization E. A steward-owned company is more likely to be a small business Question 3: Which of the following is NOT a right of shareholders? Answers: A. The right to sue the managers for misconduct B. The right to certain information about the company C. The right to determine the company's strategy (Correct) D. The right to sell their stock E. The right to vote in the general meeting Question 4: What is the main ethical issue raised by the globalization of financial markets? Answers: A. The potential for money laundering and other illegal activities B. All of the above (Correct) C. The potential for exploitation of workers in developing countries D. The potential for financial instability due to interconnected markets E. The potential for unfair competition between companies from different countries Question 5: What is a key concern regarding ESG ratings? Answers: A. The lack of transparency in the rating process B. All of the above (Correct) C. The overemphasis on financial performance over ethical considerations D. The lack of standardization across different rating agencies E. The difficulty in verifying the information provided by companies Question 6: What is the main argument for shareholder democracy? Answers: A. Shareholders have a right to vote on all company decisions B. Shareholders are the ultimate owners of the company and should have a say in its governance (Correct) C. Shareholders are the only ones who can hold management accountable D. Shareholders are the only stakeholders who have a legitimate interest in the company's success E. Shareholders are the most qualified to make decisions about the company's future Question 7: What is the key difference between shareholder activism and socially responsible investing (SRI)? Answers: A. Shareholder activism seeks publicity, while SRI avoids publicity B. Shareholder activism seeks engagement with management, while SRI avoids engagement C. Shareholder activism focuses on specific issues, while SRI considers multiple ethical factors (Correct) D. Shareholder activism is more passive, while SRI is more active E. Shareholder activism is more common in developed countries, while SRI is more common in developing countries Workplace Ethics and Justice Quiz Review Question 1: What is the difference between unemployment and misemployment? Answers: A. Unemployment is a global issue, while misemployment is a local issue. B. Unemployment refers to being without a job, while misemployment refers to being employed in a job that does not match one's skills or interests. (Correct) C. Unemployment is a result of economic recession, while misemployment is a result of personal choices. D. Unemployment is a temporary state, while misemployment is a permanent state. E. Unemployment is a social problem, while misemployment is an individual problem. Question 2: What is the connection between "meaningful work" and employee well-being? Answers: A. All of the above (Correct) B. Employees who find their work meaningful are more likely to have a positive impact on their communities. C. Employees who find their work meaningful are more likely to be productive and contribute to the company's success. D. Employees who find their work meaningful are more likely to be engaged and satisfied with their jobs. E. Employees who find their work meaningful are more likely to experience a sense of purpose and fulfillment. Question 3: What is the "glass ceiling"? Answers: A. All of the above B. A barrier that prevents minorities from advancing to senior management positions. C. A barrier that prevents people with disabilities from advancing to senior management positions. D. A barrier that prevents women from advancing to senior management positions. (Correct) E. A barrier that prevents people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds from advancing to senior management positions. Question 4: What is/are the ethical problem(s) with workplace discrimination? Answers: A. It can lead to legal consequences for the company. B. It creates an unfair advantage for certain groups. C. It hinders the company's ability to attract and retain talent. D. All of the above (Correct) E. It violates the principle of fairness. Question 5: What is the ethical issue with employee monitoring? Answers: A. All of the above (Correct) B. It can be used to unfairly discipline employees. C. It violates employee privacy. D. It creates a culture of distrust. E. It can lead to stress and anxiety for employees. Question 6: What is the "Brown Eye, Blue Eye" experiment designed to demonstrate? Answers: A. The role of stereotypes in shaping perceptions. B. The dangers of groupthink. C. The importance of diversity and inclusion. D. The impact of social conditioning on prejudice. (Correct) E. The power of authority in shaping behavior. Question 7: What is an example of a person who works for a company but may not be considered an employee? Answers: A. A full-time manager. B. A part-time receptionist. C. A volunteer. D. A contractor. E. C and D (Correct) Question 8: What is the difference between procedural justice and distributive justice? Answers: A. Procedural justice focuses on the fairness of the outcome, while distributive justice focuses on the fairness of the process. B. Procedural justice focuses on internal fairness, while distributive justice focuses on external fairness. C. Procedural justice focuses on legal compliance, while distributive justice focuses on ethical principles. D. Procedural justice focuses on individual rights, while distributive justice focuses on collective rights. E. Procedural justice focuses on the fairness of the process, while distributive justice focuses on the fairness of the outcome. (Correct) Business Ethics and Globalization Quiz Review Question 1: What is a major ethical issue associated with Airbnb's impact on local communities? Answers: A. Decrease in tourism B. Destruction of the housing market (Correct) C. Compliance with all regulations D. Increase in long-term housing availability E. Reduction in local employment Question 2: What is a key characteristic of the gig economy? Answers: A. Temporary work arrangements (Correct) B. High levels of job security C. Extensive employee benefits D. Strict supervision of workers E. Permanent employment contracts Question 3: What is a potential strategy for companies to assess the morality of their business operations in new territories? Answers: A. Expanding rapidly without oversight B. Minimizing employee benefits C. Reducing operational costs D. Ignoring local customs E. Conducting human rights impact assessments (Correct) Question 4: What is a significant impact of globalization on multinational corporations (MNCs) regarding working conditions? Answers: A. Improved employee benefits B. Race to the bottom in social standards (Correct) C. Enhanced environmental standards D. Strengthened labor unions E. Increased local employment Question 5: What is one of the vulnerabilities of migrant workers highlighted during the COVID-19 lockdowns? Answers: A. High job security B. Inability to work and social distance (Correct) C. Ability to social distance D. Access to government aid E. Freedom to travel home Question 6: What is one benefit of Airbnb? Answers: A. Decreases local tourism B. Limits income for property owners C. Increases hotel prices D. Reduces tourism opportunities E. Provides a home-like accommodation (Correct) Question 7: What is a potential ethical responsibility of companies towards migrant workers, as discussed in the document? Answers: A. Reducing employee benefits B. Increasing work hours C. Upholding human rights standards (Correct) D. Providing minimal wages E. Ignoring local laws Marketing Ethics and Consumerism Quiz Review Question 1: A company that greenwashes... Answers: A....actively promotes their environmental products to encourage higher sales. B....actively promotes employee rights and benefits of their leadership to the public. C....misleads consumers on the actual impact of the environmental benefits of their products. D....misleads consumers on the cost of their goods. E. A and C (Correct) Question 2: What was the ethical concern in the Tide Pod case? Answers: A. Honest communication B. Fair pricing C. Product safety (Correct) D. Consumer privacy E. Distribution ethics Question 3: What is a primary goal of microcredit programs? Answers: A. To increase interest rates for maximum profit B. To encourage consumer spending in developed countries C. To provide large-scale loans to corporations D. To offer financial services to low-income individuals (Correct) E. To support large infrastructure projects Question 4: What is a key ethical issue in inclusive marketing? Answers: A. Prioritizing product safety B. Representing all demographics (Correct) C. Excluding diverse consumer groups D. Ignoring consumer privacy E. Focusing on high-income consumers Question 5: What is a common ethical issue associated with pricing in marketing? Answers: A. Distribution ethics B. Honest communication C. Product safety D. Price fixing (Correct) E. Consumer privacy Question 6: What are the ethical problems associated with targeting vulnerable consumers? Answers: A. Discrimination B. All of the above (Correct) C. Excessive pricing D. Deceptive pricing E. Consumer exclusion Question 7: What are some ethical issues in marketing communications? Answers: A. Deception B. Misleading claims C. Intrusiveness D. Product safety E. A, B and C (Correct) Question 8: What are some moral complications of contemporary consumerism? Answers: A. Creation of artificial wants B. Perpetuating dissatisfaction C. Reinforcing stereotypes D. Product safety E. A, B and C (Correct) Supply Chain Ethics and Sustainability Quiz Review Question 1: What is the "circular economy" and how does it relate to supply chains? Answers: A. A government agency responsible for regulating environmental protection B. A type of financial instrument used to invest in sustainable businesses, backed by governments C. A type of ethical audit used to assess the sustainability of a supply chain D. A circular system for tracking goods as they move through the supply chain E. A business model that aims to reduce waste by reusing and recycling materials therein chaining the way we think about supply chains (Correct) Question 2: What is the main goal of the Fair Trade movement? Answers: A. To protect the rights of workers in developing countries (Correct) B. To promote free trade between countries C. To regulate the global supply chain D. To reduce the environmental impact of production E. To ensure that consumers have access to affordable products Question 3: What is the "triple bottom line" concept and how does it apply to sustainable supply chains? Answers: A. It focuses on building long-term relationships between buyers and producers B. It promotes a holistic approach to sustainability that goes beyond financial performance C. It encourages companies to balance profits with social and environmental responsibility D. It emphasizes the importance of considering economic, social, and environmental factors (Correct) E. It helps companies to measure and track their progress towards sustainability goals Question 4: What is a "Global Production Network"? Answers: A. A type of business model focused on local production B. A group of companies that collaborate on a single product C. A network of firms, suppliers, and competitors interconnected through global distribution (Correct) D. A government agency responsible for regulating international trade E. A system for tracking goods as they move through the supply chain Question 5: What is the "Race to the Bottom" phenomenon? Answers: A. A competition among suppliers to offer the highest quality products B. A competition among consumers to purchase the most sustainable products C. A competition among companies to offer the lowest prices to consumers D. A competition among countries to attract foreign investment by lowering environmental and labor standards (Correct) E. A competition among companies to develop the most innovative products Question 6: What are the potential drawbacks of "choice editing" as a strategy for promoting sustainable consumption? Answers: A. It can be seen as manipulative and paternalistic B. It can lead to higher prices for consumers C. All of the above (Correct) D. It can be difficult to implement effectively E. It can limit consumer choice and freedom Question 7: What is the role of consumers in promoting ethical and sustainable supply chains? Answers: A. All of the above (Correct) B. Consumers can choose to buy products from companies with ethical and sustainable practices C. Consumers can support organizations that promote ethical and sustainable practices D. Consumers can engage in boycotts of companies with unethical practices E. Consumers can demand more transparency from companies about their supply chains Question 8: Which of the following is NOT a stakeholder in a company's supply chain? Answers: A. Competitors B. Employees of the company's competitors (Correct) C. Consumers D. Government agencies E. Suppliers Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and Social Responsibility Quiz Review Question 1: How do CSOs typically represent the interests of stakeholders? Answers: A. By directly managing corporate operations B. By engaging in profit-driven activities C. By acting as regulatory bodies for government policies D. By advocating for the needs of individual and non-human stakeholders (Correct) E. By providing financial support to businesses Question 2: What is one of the main reasons for the rise of social entrepreneurship in recent years? Answers: A. The failure of markets and governments to address social issues (Correct) B. Increased government funding for traditional NGOs C. A shift towards more conservative business practices D. A decline in corporate social responsibility initiatives E. The elimination of non-profit organizations Question 3: How can CSOs become involved with businesses? Answers: A. By self-declaring their interests through communication campaigns B. By becoming shareholders C. By collaborating with businesses D. All of the above (Correct) E. A and E Question 4: What was a significant outcome of the Brent Spar case involving Greenpeace and Shell? Answers: A. The case led to stricter environmental regulations B. Shell was fined for illegal dumping C. The case raised awareness about waste regulations (Correct) D. Shell gained public trust through transparency E. Greenpeace successfully stopped the dumping Question 5: Which of the following is NOT a tactic used by radical CSOs? Answers: A. Collaboration with businesses (Correct) B. Boycotts C. Public awareness campaigns D. Violent direct action E. Non-violent protests Question 6: What is the primary purpose of "buycotts" in the context of CSOs? Answers: A. To encourage consumers to support better products (Correct) B. To raise awareness about social issues C. To generate publicity for CSOs D. To punish companies for unethical behavior E. To lobby for policy changes Question 7: What is the primary role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)? Answers: A. To serve as business entities B. To promote specific interests, causes, or goals (Correct) C. To provide loans to businesses D. To regulate government policies E. To generate profit for shareholders Question 8: What does "Social License to Operate" refer to? Answers: A. A certification for ethical business practices B. Government approval for business operations C. A financial license for nonprofits D. Community acceptance of a company's activities (Correct) E. A legal document for business operations Question 9: Which of the following is a potential risk for CSOs working closely with businesses? Answers: A. Enhanced public credibility B. Greater access to resources C. Improved stakeholder engagement D. Increased funding opportunities E. Compromised independence (Correct) Government, Business, and Ethics Quiz Review Question 1: What is the main role of government in relation to business? Answers: A. To solely enable business growth B. To solely restrict business activities C. To act as a stakeholder with its own interests (Correct) D. To only represent the interests of citizens E. A and B Question 2: What is the primary function of regulation? Answers: A. To prevent any business from making profits B. To eliminate all market failures C. To create a completely free market D. To control and influence business behaviour (Correct) E. To guarantee all businesses operate ethically Question 3: Which of the following is NOT a function of policy instruments? Answers: A. Setting standards B. Encouraging sustainable behavior C. Eliminating all competition (Correct) D. Encouraging transparency E. Restricting harmful substances Question 4: What is the main issue with corruption in relation to business and government? Answers: A. Businesses engaging in illegal activities B. Businesses influencing government policies through payments or private gain (Correct) C. Businesses refusing to pay taxes D. Businesses failing to comply with regulations E. Businesses lobbying for unfair regulations Question 5: What is the concept of ‘market failures’ and how can governments address them? Answers: A. Market failures occur when businesses operate ethically. Governments can address them by providing subsidies B. Market failures occur when businesses compete unfairly. Governments can address them by regulating competition C. Market failures occur when businesses make too much profit. Governments can address them by increasing taxes D. Market failures occur when consumers are not informed about products. Governments can address them by providing information E. Market failures occur when the market fails to distribute goods and services efficiently. Governments can intervene through policy (Correct) Question 6: What is the main ethical dilemma presented in the case study about Juan and Santiago? Answers: A. The potential harm to the local community if the pool is built B. Santiago's abuse of power by demanding the swimming pool as a bribe C. Juan's decision to build Santiago's swimming pool despite knowing it's unethical (Correct) D. The potential for corruption to spread within the community E. The potential harm to Juan's business if he refuses to build the pool Question 7: What are the key arguments for and against Juan building Santiago's swimming pool from a utilitarian perspective? Answers: A. For: It promotes economic growth; Against: It undermines public trust B. For: It creates jobs; Against: It sets a bad precedent C. For: It improves the community; Against: It is unfair to other businesses D. For: It benefits everyone involved; Against: It harms the taxpayer (Correct) E. For: It strengthens the friendship; Against: It violates the law Question 8: How does the Kantian perspective apply to the ethical dilemma in the case study of Juan and Santiago? Answers: A. It suggests that Juan should act according to universal principles of morality (Correct) B. It suggests that Juan should prioritize his own happiness C. It suggests that Juan should follow the law regardless of the consequences D. It suggests that Juan should consider the impact on the community, following universal principles of morality E. It suggests that Juan should focus on the long-term consequences of his actions Question 9: How does the case study of Juan and Santiago illustrate the difference between business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-government (B2G) relationships? Answers: A. B2B relationships are more transparent, while B2G relationships are more opaque B. B2B relationships involve less risk, while B2G relationships involve more risk C. B2B relationships are more competitive, while B2G relationships are more collaborative D. B2B relationships are based on contracts, while B2G relationships are based on trust E. B2B relationships are less influenced by political factors, while B2G relationships are more influenced by political factors (Correct) Question 10: Something that is ethical is always legal because... Answers: A. It is not, the law is always ethical B. It is not, something that is unethical can be legal C. It is not, ethical behaviour must be reflected in the law D. It is not, something that is ethical can sometimes be illegal E. B and D (Correct) Mock Exam Questions: Business Ethics and Human Rights Quiz Review Question 1: What is the role of a human rights impact assessment in business? Answers: a) Identifying potential human rights risks and impacts (Correct) b) Enforcing compliance with human rights laws c) Providing legal protection to businesses d) Assessing financial risks for investors Question 2: Who believed that the primary responsibility of business should be to maximize shareholder value? Answers: a) Immanuel Kant b) Eduard Freeman c) Milton Friedman (Correct) d) John Rawls Question 3: The categorical imperative is a moral principle associated with which ethical philosopher? Answers: a) John Locke b) Immanuel Kant (Correct) c) Jeremy Bentham d) Friedrich Nietzsche Question 4: In the context of business ethics, moral imagination can be most directly beneficial for: Answers: a) Maximizing profits and shareholder value. b) Avoiding legal repercussions and government regulations. c) Developing innovative solutions to complex ethical dilemmas. (Correct) d) Promoting competition and market efficiency. Question 5: A company that only hires young people (under 35 years old) is an example of…. Answers: a) Sexism b) Good hiring practices c) Hiring based on qualifications d) Ageism (Correct) Question 6: The race to the ______ is when, due to increased ________, countries compete for foreign investment through companies' relocation decisions by weakening their ______ and _____ standards. Answers: a) Bottom, Standardisation, Social, Economic b) Top, Standardisation, Political, Economic c) Bottom, Globalisation, Social, Environmental (Correct) d) Top, Globalisation, Political, Environmental Question 7: According to Carroll, what four categories or aspects can corporate social responsibility be broken down into? Answers: a) Economic, Legal, Cultural and Philanthropic b) Economic, Legal, Ethical and Philanthropic (Correct) c) Economic, Legal, Ethical and Environmental d) Political, Legal, Ethical and Philanthropic Question 8: The degree to which corporate decisions, policies, activities, and impacts are acknowledged and made visible to relevant stakeholders is known as ________. Answers: a) Corporate Visibility b) Corporate Transparency (Correct) c) Corporate Opaqueness d) Corporate Openness Question 9: Under ethical ________ objective moral principles can be rationally determined, while under ethical ________ morality is both context-dependent and subjective. Answers: a) Absolutism, Normativity b) Normativity, Relativism c) Relativism, Absolutism d) Absolutism, Relativism (Correct) Question 10: The Milgram Studies..... Answers: a) Gave us insights on why individuals do not intervene in social situations b) Gave us insights on the importance of following social norms c) Justified why it is ok to do harm d) Gave us insights on authority and human obedience (Correct)