CSC Final Exam - Lecture Notes PDF

Lecture 11 - The Core case-contains and protects the electronics of device from damage naumormonehe sound card , power supply fan , battery processor...

Lecture 11 - The Core case-contains and protects the electronics of device from damage naumormonehe sound card , power supply fan , battery processor , ↓ ↓ translates 0 , I to cool down play sound power supply > - motherboard : main circut board of computer > - computer chip contains integrated circuts (connecting transistors) ALU > - multi-core processor is a single chip with 2 or more processor cores > - processors : 1) Fetch 2) decode 3) execute 4) store > clock speed : 2GHz for modern - computer > - processor chips generate heat and need fans for cooling -heat sinks cooling pacs , > - CPU must empty registers after executing instruction because all of limited number of registers > - CPU : interprets and executes instructions , arithmetic and logical data manipulations communicates with other parts of , computer system > - CPU : compatibility + speed ↳ system clock bus size , word size , architecture ,  Lecture 12-Python List list : store multiple items in a single varible , created using [J ↳ 1 of 4 built in data types in python to store collections of data > - other 3 are tuple set , , dictionary list items : ordered , changeable , duplicate values allow ↳ indexed with first item starting at 0 neg indexing last number is 1 , - - defined order that doesn't change items placed at end of list , > - can change add remove items in list after its created , , > - list are indexed so they can have items with the same values list length : len)) - how many items in list list items : data type can be strings , integers booleans , > can - contain different [apple) [1 , 2 , 3] (true , false] dat a types list constructor : list() - when creating a new list access list items by reffering to index number : eg. print (new list ) ~ lens) to print last item of list range of indexes (2 : 6] [ : 6] [2 : ] included excluded start at first value send value Checkifitems exist in list : in change item value in list : refer to specific index number and what you want to switch it with Lecture 13-Python List change a range of item values : define a list with new values and index range you want changed > - if insert more items than you replace the new items will be inserted , where you specified and remaining items move accordingly > - if insert less items than the new items will be inserted you replace , where you specified and remaining items move accordingly insert items : to insert a new list item without replacing existing Values use insert 1) which inserts at Index specified > - number of list items increases add list items to the end of a list : append remove list items use : remove remove specified index : pop)( > - removes last index if item not specified Sort list in ascending by default : sort) ( sort descending : mylist. Sort (reverse = True returns items with specified value : count reverse order of list : reverse) add to end of current list : extend (C  register Lecture 14-Memory Cache main memory memory Secondary - stores instructions waiting to be executed memory > - stores data needed by those instructions tertiary memory > - results of processing the data memory Hierarchy 3 basic categories memory stores bus : allows devices to s system software software communicate with resulting information each other memory size measured in Gor TB word size : number of bits the processor can execute each location in memory has an address at a given time volatile memory : loses its contents when power is turned off eg. RAM , non-volatile memory : doesn't loose contents when power is removed.. ROM flash memory , memory stick eg , (cache) (main memory RAM : random access memory- SRAM (static) , DRAM (dynamic ↳ faster , more less $ Slower , cache memory : speeds process since it stores frequently used instructions and data ROM : read only memory : stores info permanetly HDD : hard disk drive : PATA-SATA- SSD flash memory : high speed reliable , + durable , low power silent, , compact size , non-volatile Lecture 15-Network communications : process of 2 or more devices transferring data , instructions and information networks : collection of computers and devices connected via communication devices and transmission media > - advantages : facilitating communications , sharing hardware , sharing software sharing files , > - network topology arangement of computers of the network : PAN : personal area network : connects individuals workspace with wired and wireless technology LAN : local area network Computer network for local communities : , Connects computers in a small area , private MAN : metropolitan area network : Spread over a city Cable TV wimax , , WAN : Wide-area networks : long distances internet , network topology : physical ways computers are interconnected 1) STAR-connected to Central computer called HUB , organization - that require centralized data base or processing facility 2) BUS - single network cable runs in building or campus and all nodes > - are linked along with communication line with 2endpoints called BUS popular , for local area networks 3)RING-cable network passes from one node to another until ↑ all nodes are connected LAN-MAN , transmission one direction , 4) SH- random connection of nodes with communication links M - wide area networks , can be fully or partial connected , 5) TREE Connects one star network to other star network extension - , +E Of STAR entire network divided into segments to be , managed and maintained network architecture : client server and peer to peer guided media : wired - high speed , secure , used for comparatively shorter distances unguided media wireless/unbounded - : > signal is through air , less secure , larger distances - infared broadcast radio * Wave can pass through with low - cellular radio frequency not high frequency - -microwave radio - satellite communications hardware components of network 1) HUB : multiport connecting device to interconnect LAN devices extend physical length of network , 2) REPEATER: boosts amplifies signal before passing to or next section of cable 3) BRIDGE : Connects network with same protocol receive , and pass data from one LAN to the other 4) ROUTER:Connects multiple networks with similar or different protocols , when several networks are connected 5) GATEWAY : device that connects or more networks with different types of protocol receives data from one , network and converts it according to protocol of another network more powerful than router , NIC : network interface card ; to directly connect to network a , can add additional port to computer , controls flow of data between RAM and network cable , converts digital signals to type for the network , most common today is ETHERNET modem : modulator is a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format to one for analog transmission , demodulation is analog to digital signals Lecture 16-Internet -Soviet union was first to launch satellite into or bit - ARPLANET : advanced research projects agency network > - keep US technology ahead of its enemies packets and routing : messages sent across a computer network - are often broken into small pieces called packets each , Packet is routed from point to point by devices called routers -protocol suite is protocols a collection of - TCP : protocol message into packets transmission control : > - IP Internet protocol : addressing and delivery : - domain name system : translates domain names to internet addresses, eg. www uvic.a 142 104 5 64. =... - internet : global interconnected network of computer networks that transmit data by packet switching - world wide web : collection of multimedia documents linked by hyperlinks the www forms part of the internet , - web protocols HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) to transfer web pages http : //weather I underg round. Com/satallite/vis/US I I 1. html I Protocol for domain name path resource file webpages HTML (hypertext markup language) for encoding and displaying documents -HTTP protocol 1) web browser prepares request 2) interpret address with URL 3) access domain name system : translate URL to IP 4) Split message to packets , address packets and send out message 5) message goes through modem , converts digital to analog 6) message routed through internet & Web server receives request and uses path to find files send a response ( receive response by computer ports : each step is assigned a different port number > - specify type of Communication Lecture 17-software 3 categories of software system software -compilers - operating system -application software utility programs - - system software - device drivers software programs -stored in memory - instructions tell computer what to do - designed to solve problems computers perform arithmetic and comparisons - follow precise instructions to perform operation an - - execute instructions quickly and accurately Algorithm : set of step by step instructions - ambiguous error-prone translated to programming language , , languages of computers - natural languages algorithms : high-level languages : python - -compilers : high level to machine low-level language : assembly - machine language binary - : operating system : software that controls and coordinates the computer hardware devices and runs other software applications - stored in ROM booting : power- BIOS HDD - Os user interface types - command-line interface -graphical user interface (GUI) : user interacts with Other system software utility programs - -device driver : small program that tells operating system how to communicate with specific device